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"Robert K. Merton (1910-2003) was one of the most influential sociologists of the twentieth century, producing clear theories and innovative research that continue to shape multiple disciplines. Merton's reach can be felt in the study of social structure, social psychology, deviance, professions, organizations, culture, and science. Yet for all his fame, Merton is only partially understood. He is treated by scholars as a functional analyst, when in truth his contributions transcend paradigm

The NSF has supported early forms of scientific cyberinfrastructure from the 1960s. Since about 2000, however, new cyberinfrastructure (CI) initiatives have gathered momentum, guided by an increasingly comprehensive vision of CI as a principal agent of change for a new era of large-scale, distributed, data-intensive, collaborative science in virtually every domain. EarthCube, as a large-scale international CI project provides a fertile ground for the observation of the negotiation and policy work necessary to facilitate distant collaboration and the accumulation, provision and sharing of scientific knowledge and resources (data, tools, models). As a collaborative design process drawing from both the policy and scientific worlds, EarthCube is a site where the complex relationships and negotiations between governance and particular visions of novel science are particularly evident as well as being a microcosm of the co-constructive processes that produce relevant knowledge for both policy and science. This writing explores the relationship of policy work and the production of scientific knowledge, and provides an account of the complex interactions between regulatory, legislative, and organizational work with knowledge production practices in the geosciences through the lens of research funding and cyberinfrastructure development both historically and ethnographically.

This deliverable corresponds to results obtained from Task T2.3 on Effectiveness and perception of science communication in EU citizen science projects. The development of this task consisted of carrying out an initial assessment of the communication channels and strategies used in citizen science (CS) projects, as well as the quality and effectiveness of science communication. In addition, the main barriers and challenges for quadruple helix stakeholders were also co-identified through co-creative methodologies. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 873125 ; WP2: Analysis of Citizen Science as a Science Communication Tool. D2.3: Effectiveness of science communication in EU citizen science projects

"Network Science in Archaeology The Cambridge Manual to Archaeological Network Science provides the first comprehensive guide to a field of research that has firmly established itself within archaeological practice in recent years. Network science methods are commonly used to explore big archaeological datasets and are essential for the formal study of past relational phenomena: social networks, transport systems, communication, and exchange. The volume offers a step-by-step description of network science methods and explores its theoretical foundations and applications in archaeological research, which are elaborately illustrated with archaeological examples. It also covers a vast range of network science techniques that can enhance archaeological research, including network data collection and management, exploratory network analysis, sampling issues and sensitivity analysis, spatial networks, and network visualisation. An essential reference handbook for both beginning and experienced archaeological network researchers, the volume includes boxes with definitions, boxed examples, exercises, and online supplementary learning and teaching materials. Tom Brughmans is Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology at the Centre for Urban Network Evolutions, Aarhus University. His research explores how social networks connected people throughout history, how large integrated economies like the Roman Empire could function for centuries, and how expansive communication systems using fire and smoke signaling worked. Matthew A. Peeples is Associate Professor of Anthropology in the School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Director of the Center for Archaeology and Society at Arizona State University. His research focuses on integrating archaeological data with methods and models from the broader social sciences to address questions regarding the nature of human social networks over the long term"--

"The idea that science is or should be value-free, and that values are or should be formed independently of science, has been under fire by philosophers of science for decades. Science and Moral Imagination directly challenges the idea that science and values cannot and should not influence each other. Matthew J. Brown argues that science and values mutually influence and implicate one another, that the influence of values on science is pervasive and must be responsibly managed, and that science can and should have an influence on our values. This interplay, he explains, must be guided by accounts of scientific inquiry and value judgment that are sensitive to the complexities of their interactions. Brown presents scientific inquiry and value judgment as types of problem-solving practices and provides a new framework for thinking about how we might ethically evaluate episodes and decisions in science, while offering guidance for scientific practitioners and institutions about how they can incorporate value judgments into their work. His framework, dubbed "the ideal of moral imagination," emphasizes the role of imagination in value judgment and the positive role that value judgment plays in science"--

"Knowledge can create peaceful realities in addition to serving as an intellectual tool for peace-making. This is why pragmatist assessment of social science should avoid looking exclusively at the instrumental value of different paradigms. This book investigates the realities that positivism, anti-determinism, symbolic interactionism, social constructivism and critical theory create, and the tools they offer for a peace researcher and a peace practitioner. In essence, Paradigms of Peace looks at what social science can give to the humanity's search for peace and then offers an agenda for peace research. Using constructivist pragmatist metatheory to guide the assessment of the merits of different social science approaches to peace, this book suggests completely new ways of looking at the theory of peace and war. Difficult theoretical and philosophical constructs are presented but always supplemented with real-life examples, making it practical and relevant to both a research and policy-making level. Perfect for students and professionals of international relations, political science, peace and reconciliation studies, conflict and war studies and history."--Provided by publisher

Tomando como fuente de información para esta comunicación el Repertorio EUROSPES de Bases de Datos en Ciencias Sociales editado en 1990, se analiza la oferta de Información a través de las Bases de Datos creadas en los países europeos de habla latina. El objetivo del trabajo que se presenta es conocer, de manera detallada, los rasgos que definen esta oferta en cada país y en el conjunto de países estudiados. Estructurado en dos partes, en la primera se ofrecen, en primer lugar, datos sobre las características de la información contenida en las bases de datos: naturaleza de la información, temas sobre los que versa, cobertura temporal, técnicas documentales utilizadas, normas de descripción bibliográfica, productores de esas Bases de Datos. En segundo lugar, se estudian los aspectos relativos a la distribución de la información: distribuidores, -paquetes de gestión de bases de datos, instrumentos de ayuda al usuario para las consultas, tipo de acceso que se ofrece. La segunda parte se dedica al análisis de los datos aportados en la primera: distribución de la producción de bases de datos por temas, países y años, estudio de las áreas temáticas no cubiertas, comparación de las técnicas documentales empleadas, compatibilidad de los paquetes de gestión y de los formatos informáticos, análisis de la calidad de los servicios de acceso, precios, formación ofrecida, etc. Se finaliza con unas conclusiones orientadas a proponer los desarrollos deseables para el conjunto de paises así como las posibilidades de cooperación con vistas a mejorar la oferta de información automatizada en Ciencias Sociales.