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Palestinian society is geographically separated and politically fragmented. This is attributed to partisan affiliation and alignment, absence of conceptual and professional framework of civil society, unethical approach of Palestinian political leaders, and unconstitutional political institutions. Such polarization and division have created political antagonism within elites and between factions. The broad objective of this research is to investigate the legitimacy crisis in Palestine, the current political dilemma in the Palestinian Authority, and the public response to the situation. The research introduces direct and thorough understanding of the developing political context surrounding these issues; taking into consideration that growing deficit in legitimacy could create potentially dire consequences, particularly if present trends on the ground continue. The research promotes an analytical perspective based on legitimacy theory and exploring recent public opinion polls.

Sustainability scientists have long studied what drives effective marine management. This chapter provides an assessment of a largely understudied factor that can alleviate compliance problems in marine management: the legitimacy of marine institutions, defined as stakeholder beliefs in the appropriate use of power by these institutions. This chapter describes the legitimacy of 19 international institutions dealing with marine issues, including the Arctic Council, European Union, and United Nations Environment, in the eyes of different types of stakeholders. The chapter then discusses how challenges arising from these legitimacy patterns could be managed to effectively address compliance problems. Insights from political science help understand that legitimacy can contribute to compliance among stakeholders, but that increased legitimacy may also entail the risk of declining public scrutiny and interest group capture. Based on this assessment, the chapter outlines a research agenda on legitimacy and effectiveness for sustainability scholars. ; This chapter was partially funded by Mistra Geopolitics - Navigating towards a Secure and Sustainable Future; and the Nippon Foundation Nereus Program, a collaborative initiative by the Nippon Foundation and partners including Stockholm University and the University of British Columbia.

While resistance to international courts is not new, what is new, or at least newly conceptualized, is the politics of backlash against these institutions. Saving the International Justice Regime: Beyond Backlash against International Courts is at the forefront of this new conceptualization of backlash politics. It brings together theories, concepts and methods from the fields of international law, international relations, human rights and political science and case studies from around the globe to pose - and answer - three questions related to backlash against international courts: What is backlash and what forms does it take? Why do states and elites engage in backlash against international human rights and criminal courts? What can stakeholders and supporters of international justice do to meet these contemporary challenges?

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- Abstract -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Objectives -- 1.3 Literature Survey -- 1.4 Limitation -- 1.5 Outline -- References -- 2 Historical and Political Background of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introductory Remarks -- 2.2 The Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict -- 2.2.1 Pre-Israel Palestine -- 2.2.2 Jewish Persecution and Zionism -- 2.2.3 The British, the Jews and the Palestinians -- 2.2.4 The Partition -- 2.3 Occupation and Resistance -- 2.3.1 The Arab-Israeli Wars -- 2.3.2 The Resistance: Guerrillas and Stones -- 2.4 The Occupied Palestinian Territories -- 2.4.1 Gaza -- 2.4.2 The West Bank -- 2.4.3 East Jerusalem -- 2.5 Military Operations and the UN Missions -- 2.5.1 Operation Cast Lead -- 2.5.2 Operation Protective Edge -- 2.6 Peace Negotiations -- 2.7 Chapter Summary -- References -- 3 The 2009 Palestinian Ad hoc Declaration -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introductory Remarks -- 3.2 The Legal Regime of Ad hoc Declarations -- 3.3 Decision of the Prosecutor on the 2009 Palestinian Declaration -- 3.4 Determination of Statehood for the Purpose of the ICC Jurisdiction -- 3.4.1 'Kompetenz-Kompetenz' -- 3.4.2 Possible Avenues to Determine the Statehood Issue -- 3.5 The Palestine Statehood Issue -- 3.5.1 The Statehood of Palestine: General Considerations -- 3.5.1.1 Palestine's Declaration of Statehood -- 3.5.1.2 The Montevideo Convention -- 3.5.1.3 Theories of State Recognition -- 3.5.1.4 Palestine as an Occupied Territory -- 3.5.1.5 Conclusion on the Abstract Statehood of Palestine -- 3.5.2 The Functional Approach: Statehood for the Purposes of Ad hoc Declarations -- 3.6 Subsequent Developments -- 3.7 Chapter Summary -- References -- 4 Pre-Investigation Considerations -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introductory Remarks.