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In Colombia, as in many other countries with oil reserves potential, the government has sought to reduce the activity's inherent high degree of un-certainty by shaping the legal and economic environment that foreign com-panies have to operate in, making it more profitable and attractive for them.16 This paper seeks to accurately represent this environment to the pro-spective investor, starting with the structures of the two basic transactions, referred to herein as "modes", through which most commonly, foreign com-panies participate in the oil industry in Colombia, namely, the Standard As-sociation Mode ("S.A.M") and the Risk Sharing Mode ("R.S.M.").17 The contractual agreements corresponding to these modes are standardized and allow little tailoring to fit individual company needs. This part of the analysis will also include recent modifications to the foregoing modes, introduced to meet the government's announced oil-policy objectives of increasing production, exploiting the existing reserves, and finding additional ones. In addition, a brief examination of the taxation re-gime will be followed by a discussion of the regulation implemented to pro- tect the environment and Colombian minority ethnic groups.

Sponsored by the Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology section of the American Sociological Association (CITAMS), this volume focuses on media and social movements. Contributing authors draw on cases as diverse as the Harry Potter Alliance to youth oriented, non-profit educational organizations, in order to assess systematically how media environments, systems, and usage affect collective action in the 21st century. The volume demonstrates that the study of media and social movements has developed into a vibrant sub-field stretched across Communication Studies, Political Science, and Sociology, and illustrates the need for serious interdisciplinary research. Chapters in the volume reinforce the need to examine many kinds of media (such as fiction) for social movements, particularly in terms of recruitment and framing. They show the critical importance of connecting classic and contemporary social movement research when trying to understand topics such as recruitment, identity, and discourse, even when these are playing out in the digital world. Chapters explore the difficulties that organizations face in organizing whether or not they are primarily offline or online; the ways that digital media usage affects various organizational functions and effectiveness; and the importance of examining the role of youth in social movements across all of these topics.

Though more than 150,000 AIDS-related deaths have been reported worldwide and between 5 and 10 million people are now infected with its precursor, HIV-1, the deadly and relatively new AIDS virus is still a mystery. AIDS and the Social Sciences: Common Threads, an enlightening examination of the AIDS epidemic from the viewpoints of various social sciences, provides us with clues to that mystery. The essays' original research and firsthand accounts from social scientists offer an excellent overview of the research agendas and directions for a disease that is an increasing presence in our societ

The article aims to define the sectoral legal tools that can be incorporated into the legislations of the countries of the world for the development of gender policies in social and labor relations. The research methodology included methods of general and special scientific character, which aim to ensure the unity of approaches. Attention has been paid to the justification of subjective differentiation of working conditions in the acts of the International Labor Organization. Legal conditions for the introduction of gender equality in legal systems were proposed in order to ensure the social and economic development of society. It is concluded that international standards of social and labor relations make it possible to implement gender equality policy in various variable models. Finally, among the special sectoral tools for solving gender problems, it is worth applying: subjective and social differentiation of working conditions; gender-neutral legislation; local acts as a method of raising the level of moral and ethical standards in professional groups, and; gender quotas and gender parity with differentiation in various spheres of economic activity.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- Attitudes and the Elderly -- Causes of Stress -- Social Work Objectives -- Social Work and Ageing -- Population-The Reasons for Concern -- 2 The Normality of Ageing -- Social and Psychological Aspects -- A Developmental Approach -- Physical Aspects of Ageing -- Occupation, Retirement and Economics -- Age and Satisfaction -- Summary -- 3 Assessment-Individual Aspects of Ageing -- Ageing and Mental Change -- Health and Physical Change -- Social Aspects of Ageing -- Living Alone and Loneliness -- Ageing and the Family -- Loss and Bereavement -- Summary -- 4 Communication -- The Nature of Communication -- The Objectives of Communication -- Communication and the Elderly Client -- Conflict -- 5 Relationships -- Social Work and the Individual -- Social Work and the Family -- Old People in Groups -- 6 Using Practical Resources -- Historical Perspective -- Domiciliary Services -- Housing -- Residential Care -- The Elderly Patient -- Community Care -- The Caring Continuum -- 7 Conclusions -- Evaluation -- Prevention -- Education -- Summary -- Troblem, Process and Pattern -- Suggestions for Further Reading -- Bibliography.