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( ... ) Cox, P.: Rede zur Entgegennahme des Internationalen Karlspreises 2004. - S. 35-45 Kampen, U.: Karlspreisträger 2004: Pat Cox. - S. 63-77 O'Huiginn, S.: Irland in der EU : Beispiel für erfolgreiche Integration. - S. 79-96 Eversheim, W.: Ein Bürgerpreis für Verdienste um die Europäische Einigung. - S. 99-113 ( ... )

This article discusses the author's concept of multigenerational citizenship, arguing that for citizenship to be relevant for children, there needs to be a more flexible and relational approach to citizenship. Tom Paine's theories are expanded upon, by examining the increasing acceptance, by both international and regional fora in both political and human rights, of a child's autonomy in bringing complaints to a human rights body. The article examines the recent developments in the move toward establishing a complaints mechanism under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and argues that this is an important element of international child citizenship. The article also examines the progress made in national courts toward child citizenship, which has helped to change the international consensus on providing an international remedy for breaches of child citizenship rights. The article compares the growing acceptance of children as international citizens by the European Court of Human Rights and under the specially designed African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child's complaints mechanism. Because of all these developments, the author rejects the assumption that regeneration is needed to reenergize the international social movement for children as citizens, arguing that such pessimism is an oversimplification of both the achievements and failures of the CRC. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

Climate change is a major challenge facing the agriculture sector in Tanzania. The impacts of climate change on agriculture have been documented in several government reports, projects, and policies (URT, 2017, 2013, 2014, 2015; URT, 2007). Small-scale farmers are the most affected; their livelihoods are primarily agriculture-based, with relatively low adaptive capacity. Historical climate information shows that temperatures have significantly increased in recent years, while precipitation has remarkably decreased (URT, 2014). Associated effects of these changes include geographic shifts of agro-ecological zones (AEZs), rainfall variability, prolonged dry spells, and reduction of water volumes in rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. Climate projections indicate that the adverse effects of climate change are expected to increase in magnitude in the coming years. Temperatures are likely to increase by 1.4°C by 2030 and 2.1°C by 2070; the northwest and west are likely to experience faster warming (CIAT; World Bank, 2017). Of all economic sectors, agriculture is the most affected. Among employees of the agricultural sector, small-scale farmers are the most vulnerable. At the same time, the agriculture sector is also a major contributor to climate change.