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With the continuous development of economy and society, science and education have gradually become the key elements of global development and national strength improvement. Based on historical research and literature analysis, this article sorted out the evolution process of the revitalizing China strategy through science and education since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and summarized the main measures to implement the strategy in different stages of development.

At head of title: National education union. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This research assesses the importance of credit access in modulating governance for gender inclusive education in 42 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with data spanning the period 2004- 2014. The Generalized Method of Moments is employed as empirical strategy. The following findings are established. First, credit access modulates government effectiveness and the rule of law to induce positive net effects on inclusive "primary and secondary education". Second, credit access also moderates political stability and the rule of law for overall net positive effects on inclusive secondary education. Third, credit access complements government effectiveness to engender an overall positive impact on inclusive tertiary education. Policy implications are discussed with emphasis on Sustainable Development Goals.

This article discusses how public education institutions such as boarding schools face the social changes brought about by modernity. The assumption is that as agents of change, of course pesantren must follow what and how modernity itself can only provide answers to society. What is mainly brought about by modernity itself is development. Therefore, social change that must be answered primarily by pesantren is a matter of development. This study found that operationally, the relationship between pesantren and rural community development, which aspires to improve the quality of human resources in the pesantren, has been carried out through the following activities: consolidation and cooperation, business links and education, and insights into the pesantren's struggle, community, and the government.

1. Introduction -- 2. School choice, we-ness and school cultures -- 3. To belong or not? -- 4. "Different from the eyes of others": Negotiating faith in a non-confessional educational system -- 5. To construct civility or be constructed as anti-civil -- 6. Immigrant incorporation, Education, and the Boundaries of Belonging.

Nurses have been able to pursue doctoral study in the United States for decades. Nursing has only recently been integrated into the university setting in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Ireland. Prior to this a small number of nurses registered for doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees in departments of education, sociology or psychology. In the last 10 years, nursing in Europe witnessed a large increase in the number of nurses pursuing doctoral study. Many of these are now being mentored in university schools of nursing and are undertaking research of direct relevance to nursing. Another interesting trend is the introduction of professional doctorates. This professional doctorate, the Doctorate of Nursing Science, includes lectures, course work and examinations, in contrast to the traditional U.K. Ph.D. earned by a thesis or published work. This paper explores the emergence of these different types of doctoral degrees, discusses some reasons why they are flourishing, and describes the differences between them.

Quality has never been more important for the future of higher education and the economy than it is today. Unfortunately, the decline in student quality is accompanied by costs that are out of control, a governance system that will not permit any reallocation of resources, and a society that expects higher education to address problems that are well beyond its core competencies. In this timely volume, Robert E. Martin presents a thorough treatment of the social contract between those who fund higher education and those who benefit from it. In-depth discussions include: * the institution's role as steward of the higher education social contract * the role of transaction costs, risk bearing, production technology, and asset ownership in determining the internal structure of the institution * the market for academic charities * price, quality, and advertising competition in higher education. Formal models of production and cost, optimal fundraising, the maximization of academic reputation, agency behavior, and the student's enrollment decision are also presented and analyzed. Cost Control, College Access, and Competition in Higher Education will be of great interest to higher education researchers and administrators, economists, and public policymakers