Suchergebnisse

"Seit Beginn der neunziger Jahre steht die internationale Flüchtlingshilfe in Afrika vor neuen Herausforderungen: Zum einen hat das Ende des Ost-West-Konfliktes auch das Ende zahlreicher langjähriger Kriege in Afrika begünstigt. Die freiwillige Repatriierung von Flüchtlingen wurde dadurch erstmals zu einer wirklichen Option. Zum anderen hat in einer Reihe von Staaten die Zerstörung der Staatsfunktionen zu neuen Kriegen und Flüchtlingsbewegungen geführt. Die internationale Flüchtlingshilfe reagierte auf diese Herausforderung allein mit Nothilfemaßnahmen. Die Kapazitäten der internationalen Flüchtlingshilfe werden durch diese gegensätzlichen Entwicklungen überfordert. Die Mehrheit der heutigen afrikanischen Flüchtlinge kann daher nicht auf externen Schutz und Unterstützung bauen, sondern muß eigene Überlebensstrategien entwickeln." (Autorenreferat)

"Reconciliation" has been a defining feature of German foreign policy since 1949. All German governments have pursued both the moral & the material aspects of reconciliation, or what Germans call, respectively, "Versohnung" & "Aussohnung." The article first explores the conceptual issues surrounding reconciliation, & offers a composite view of the two main streams of literature: the "forgiveness school" & the "rapprochement school." It then applies this conceptual synthesis to four different cases of reconciliation in German foreign policy: relations with France, Israel, Poland, & the Czech Republic. Adapted from the source document.

The concept of peace through international organizations has a long & impressive history, based on the desire to bring the anarchy of nations, power politics, & the danger of war to an end by establishing a new paradigm of a hierarchical union of all against the one. This lecture for the 100th Anniversary of Die Friedens Warte explores the discussions of peace through international organizations, in particular, the relationship & tension between the real hegemonic structure & the formal federal type structure of organizations such as the UN. The functionality of the organization is dependent on the effective consideration of real structure in the formal structure, but also the willingness of the leading real structure nations to limit the opportunity for misuse of power & be bound by the formal structure. Today, numerous specific international organizations, many associated with some organ of the UN, are oriented toward specific political fields, creating a network rather than a hierarchical order. It remains to be seen if the "minilateralism" of organizations such as the G8 returns to the original concept of the UN. L. Kehl

Discusses erosion of effective state authority in African states since the end of East-West conflict in the early 1990s, leading in the worst cases to civil war and in general to a political climate of ethnicity, clientelism, and corruption. Summary in English in unnumbered pages at front of periodical.

The peaceful adjudication by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of international disputes is a matter of normalcy today, despite the fact that the community of states does not yet make optimal use of the facilities offered by the ICJ. The execution of the court decisions does not, in general, present any difficulties. Although the number of states generally recognizing ICJ jurisdiction is stagnating, ever more treaties contain rules providing for ICJ jurisdiction in case of disputes. While there has been a proliferation of international courts besides the ICJ, their jurisdictions, in general, cover cases that could not be heard by the ICJ. The author does not consider it necessary that international organizations have legal standing before the ICJ. But in his opinion, the court should decide the cases placed before it more swiftly. Adapted from the source document.