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This text considers the issues of world poverty and global justice, addressing the ability of people in poor or developing countries to have enough food, or clean water, or access to basic healthcare. It draws on international law aimed at the protection and promotion of human rights

Normative propositions of the international courts, including these of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, are considered in the paper as provisions in the judicial decisions and advisory opinions, spelling out, formulating or describing international law norms, prescriptions, prohibitions or authorizations, which are applicable, in the court's view, in the case at hand and the similar cases. Such a proposition is considered to be a description of a legal norm, its spelling out by a court, but not a norm or its source. In contrast with legal norms, judicial normative propositions are descriptive, not prescriptive; they may be true or wrong. Normative propositions are not transformed into norms solely by their repetition in judicial decisions. The author considers not only ITLOS decisions but also the Tribunal's and its Seabed disputes chamber advisory opinions containing normative propositions to be subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of law under article 38(1(d)) of the International Court of Justice Statute. The legal reasoning of the Tribunal's decision, not its operative provisions, usually features normative propositions. While strictly speaking, the decision addresses the parties of the dispute, normative propositions in the reasoning are in fact enacted by the Tribunal urbi et orbi aiming at all relevant actors, ITLOS including. They bear upon substantive and procedural issues, rights and obligations of relevant actors; they may also define legal notions. The Tribunal provides them as part of its reasoning or as obiter dictum. It is those provisions of the Tribunal's decisions that are of particular importance for international law through detailing treaty- and verbalizing customary rules. However, the States that have the final and decisive say confirming or non-confirming the content and binding nature of the rules spelt out or described by the Tribunal in its normative propositions. Meanwhile, States are not in a hurry to publicly react to the judicial normative propositions, particularly to those of ITLOS, though they refer to them in pleadings or when commenting on the International Law Commission drafts. At times, States concerned argue that international judicial decisions are not binding for third parties. While the States are predominantly silent, ITLOS reiterates, develops and consolidates normative propositions, and they begin to be perceived as law. The paper also points to the possibility of the Tribunal's normative propositions being not correct and to the role of the judges' dissenting and separate opinions in identifying such propositions.

Comité international. Actes. (Recueil annoté de toutes les pièces importantes émanées du Comité international, depuis son origìne en 1863). — 1871, in-40, 260 p. et 2 cartes.

AbstractThis article analyses the perceived impact of international migration on host rural communities from the perspectives of local stakeholders. Based on in‐depth interviews conducted in two rural locales in Norway, we identify a consensus about the indispensability of international labour migrants for the demographic and economic sustenance of the host rural communities. At the same time, the perspectives of stakeholders convey a complex picture of labour migration. The perceived impact of international migration is related to the tempo of migration and to the prior local history of migration that affects how it is represented and handled locally. Depending on the context, international migration may be treated as a common‐place phenomenon or as a force that profoundly affects the conception of the local community. Our findings illustrate a socio‐spatial variation of responses to international migration locally and suggest the emergence of new local social divisions along the growing superdiversity of rural communities.

Abstract
When and how does a state become a part of the international refugee regime, and how does a state's role within the regime change over time? Using South Korea as a case study, this article highlights the significance of Cold War politics as a main cause of the expansion of the international refugee regime. South Korea was first entered into the international refugee regime during the US-led Korean War. And it was due to the neocolonial relationship between South Korea and the US that South Korea participated in the Vietnam War, and consequently, South Korea received its first internationally recognized refugees. Pressure from the US largely explains the burden-sharing role that South Korea played during the Indochinese refugee crisis. However, repositioning itself as a subempire in Asia and seeking enhanced international stature, South Korea signed the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, finally becoming an official member of the international refugee regime.

Diese Diplomarbeit untersucht die Versuche der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft, Demokratisierungsprozesse in autoritären Staaten mittels Wahlbeobachtung zu fördern und voranzutreiben. Besondere Beachtung finden dabei die Größe und die Organisation eines solchen internationalen Einsatzes sowie die technischen und politischen Bedingungen, die seine Erfolgschancen verbessern oder verschlechtern können. Nach einem einleitenden theoretischen Teil untersucht die Autorin anhand von Wahlen bzw. Abstimmungen in Malawi, Togo und Haiti die Probleme, die bei den Wahlbeobachtungsmissionen aufgetreten sind. Bei jedem Land wird die Wahl bzw. Abstimmung kurz in ihren politischen und gesellschaftlichen Kontext gestellt. Nach einer Darstellung des Wahlprozesses wird die Beobachtungsmission nach den Kriterien Umfang, Koordination und Beurteilung eingeschätzt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es zu zeigen, daß Wahlbeobachtung noch kein Garant für Frieden und Demokratie sein kann, daß sie aber einen positiven Beitrag zur Förderung demokratischer Strukturen zu leisten vermag. (DÜI-Hff)

Dimensions and Dynamics of Health Research -- Dimensions of Health Research -- Dynamics of Health Research -- Clinical Research: Problems and Institutional Conditions -- Basic Problems Besetting Clinical Research -- The Role of Funding Agencies in Health Research -- An International Comparison of Health Funding Systems -- A Comparison of the Range and Problem-Solving Abilities of Different Sets of Funding Instruments -- An International Comparison of Public Health Research and its Funding -- Problems of Public Health Research -- Conclusions: The Funding of Health Research.

Les études sur l'Italie et sur le sport pendant la guerre froide ont montré comment les tensions internationales entre l'Est et l'Ouest et le rôle de sous-cultures catholiques et communistes ont pesé, pas toujours de manière négative, sur le développement du sport transalpin. Dans cette perspective, cet article veut envisager l'influence de la guerre froide sur le développement de l'activité internationale du sport italien, tant du point de vue des opportunités qu'elle crée que des divisions qu'elle creuse.

International law in the globalized era has become the framework for state interactions and how best to create a functioning community between sovereign nations and multi-national actors. This paper examines the major issues involved with that which compromises international legal standards, the issues of enforcement and compliance, with specific focus towards the case of the Israel-Palestine conflict and the ongoing issues emerging in the South China Sea. Faculty Mentor: Chaldeans Mensah Department: Political Science