Suchergebnisse

The quantity and complexity of scientific and technological information provided to policymakers have been on the rise for decades. Yet little is known about how to provide science advice to legislatures, even though scientific information is widely acknowledged as valuable for decision-making in many policy domains. We asked academics, science advisers, and policymakers from both developed and developing nations to identify, review and refine, and then rank the most pressing research questions on legislative science advice (LSA). Experts generally agree that the state of evidence is poor, especially regarding developing and lower-middle income countries. Many fundamental questions about science advice processes remain unanswered and are of great interest: whether legislative use of scientific evidence improves the implementation and outcome of social programs and policies; under what conditions legislators and staff seek out scientific information or use what is presented to them; and how different communication channels affect informational trust and use. Environment and health are the highest priority policy domains for the field. The context-specific nature of many of the submitted questions—whether to policy issues, institutions, or locations—suggests one of the significant challenges is aggregating generalizable evidence on LSA practices. Understanding these research needs represents a first step in advancing a global agenda for LSA research.

Using data from recent national disability surveys in Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands, South Africa, and the United States, an international team of researchers coded indicators of several types of disability using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. This article discusses the Disability Tabulations (DISTAB) project and presents and evaluates the estimates of the prevalence of visual impairments.

The article covers creation of a special political entity in Northwest Africa – the International zone of Tangier – in 1923-1925 as well as implementation of the international zone statute. Analyzing the experience of the Tangier international administration reveals complexity of the international structure formation in conditions of conflicts and even confrontation between the great and regional powers ; Статья посвящена созданию особого политического образования в Северо-Западной Африке – международной зоны Танжер в 1923–1925 гг. и введению в действие статута международной зоны. Анализ опыта международного управления Танжером показывает сложности формирования международных структур в условиях противоречий и даже противостояния великих и региональных держав

International marriage migration, while not an entirely new phenomenon, became numerically important in parts of Asia in the early 2000s. This research examines some of the reasons for the rise in marital unions between Vietnamese women and South Korean men. Using census data, we assess the extent to which partner shortages existed for men in South Korea and for women in Vietnam at the onset of the rise in marriage migration. We then use survey data to identify some of the characteristics of those who have entered international unions. While we identify a substantial marriage squeeze on certain subgroups of Korean men at the time marriage migration was expanding, the same is not true for women in Vietnam, at least at the national level. To help explain what has motivated some women in Vietnam to enter into international marriages, we turn to data from in-depth interviews. We also discuss the roles played by international marriage brokerage agencies and migrant networks in the process. Our analysis suggests that the growth in the international marriage market between South Korea and Vietnam has been spurred by several drivers: (1) demographic, as seen in the marriage squeeze on rural men in Korea, (2) cultural, in terms of the continuing importance of marital hypergamy in both contexts, (3) economic, as an important motivator of Vietnamese marriage migrants, (4) institutional (with the ongoing but perhaps declining importance of marriage brokers), and (5) the growing role of interpersonal networks.