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"Based on research conducted in archives in six countries, An International History of South America in the Era of Military Rule: Geared for War offers a detailed account of the tensions and fears of war that engulfed South America in the 1970s, when most countries of the region were ruled by military governments. Scholars of contemporary history and international relations, graduate and undergraduate students of Latin American history, and anyone interested in issues of international history will gain from reading this book, which explores the long-standing territorial controversies that underlay international rivalries, the incidence of military thinking in them, and the multifarious effects of the international order of the Cold War in the rise of tensions in South America in the era of military rule. Since war did not break out in South America in the 1970s, the book also stands as a study of the reasons why peace prevailed, even under conditions that seemed conducive to its demise. As a study based on multiarchival research, the book offers an original narrative and analysis of a topic scarcely treated by scholarly literature on the history of South America in the twentieth century, which makes it useful and interesting for audiences in various countries of the region"--

Cover -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 International Leaders Influencing the Quality, Risk, and Safety Movement in Healthcare -- Part I: Quality -- 2 Conversations on International Perspectives on Quality -- 3 Conversations on Accreditation Canada's Role in Improving Healthcare Quality and Safety -- 4 Conversation on Striving Towards Quality and Excellence within the Danish Healthcare System -- 5 Conversations on Second Victims in Healthcare -- Part II: Risk -- 6 Conversations on a New Approach to Understanding Safety -- 7 Conversations on a Systems Approach to Safety -- 8 Conversations on Medical Malpractice System Reform: Implications for Canadian Liability Practices -- 9 Conversations on Risk and Safety -- Part III: Safety -- 10 Conversations on the Importance of Involving Patients and Families in the Patient Safety Journey -- 11 Conversations on the Patient Safety Journey -- 12 Conversations on Advocating for Medication Safety: Past Contribution and Ongoing Work -- Part IV: Taking Stock -- 13 Internationalizing the Healthcare Quality Curriculum -- 14 The Intersections of Quality, Safety, Risk -- Index.

British judges increasingly now pay attention to foreign case law when deciding domestic cases, and are required to interpret and apply international law in domestic courts and administer an international code of human rights. Tom Bingham examines the consequences of this increasingly internationalist outlook of British courts, including cases which rely on a range of foreign cases, cases where an international convention or principle is interpreted and cases in which human rights cases are decided in reliance on principles established elsewhere

This article departs from a political ecology perspective to build a critique against the predominant anthropocentrism in international relations. It argues that the acknowledgement of the agency of non-human beings, and their inclusion and representation in political decision-making processes, is not only essential to create socioecological sustainability in the multispecies communities that we are all part of, but that it is also, fundamentally, a matter of justice. The article introduces the concept of multispecies justice as a possible ally in a dialogue for the reimagining of international relations, both as a discipline and as institutional practice, so that the latter can more adequately, effectively, and fairly respond to the current context of planetary crisis. As an illustrative example of what multispecies justice is (or can become) in practice, the article resorts to the case of rivers and to some of the non-anthropocentric initiatives that have been arising for their protection, conservation, or restoration.

Apportionment of authority among states in the space is one of the fundamental function of public international law and aim of that serves state borders institution. State borders are define as a line or surface separating state territories in land, martime and airspace. However exist different kind of borders that their establish in space bases on delimitation and demarcation. As long as do not give rise controversy establish land and maritime borders, while in spite of lack border determine in air space accept that sit height about 100–150 km. To sum up in the light of public international law exists and significant border is submit of principle of territorial integrity of states at the same time by their establish essential role plays crucial role effectiveness in carry out control of territory and borders. Therefore the principle of territorial integrity of States and effectiveness control over territory defines essence and role of state border.

International law provides a clear structure for countries of origin to define the eligibility criteria for foreign prospective adoptive parents; it is part of their sovereign prerogative (section 8.2, Hague Conference on Private International Law, 2008). Mia Dambach examines how this is reflected in national legislative frameworks as of 2010, with respect to adoptions by gay men and lesbians by providing a comparative review of 'countries of origin' by region. Following this overview, she discusses the practical consequences, which include the reality that despite having the 'legal possibility' to become adopters in at least 20 receiving countries, gay men and lesbians face enormous difficulties in realising their desires. This is because only two countries of origin expressly legalise this possibility via legislation and a handful of others by approving individual cases. This situation illustrates the fact that occidental views are not always shared by countries of origin.

While much discussion of the international relations of the Caucasus region has relied upon traditional Western theoretical perspectives of world politics, the foreign and national security policies pursued by the Azerbaijan Republic are not closely reflective of their assumptions. Much emphasis has been placed in recent years on anarchic competition for Caspian energy resources by external powers. Yet post-Soviet nations such as Azerbaijan likely view these interactions from the perspective of international hierarchy. The present essay examines the position of Azerbaijan within hierarchical global, regional and local systemic structures as defined by the economic, political, demographic and geographic characteristics of their constituent states. This incorporates both realist power-based and liberal institution-based logics into a single theoretical framework. It then presents a model for analyzing their influence upon the perceptions of Azerbaijani political elites in defining national interests as manifest in their foreign and security policies.

La coordination d'organisations œuvrant dans un même champ ou vers un même but est un problème classique de théorie des organisations aussi bien qu'une exigence pratique. La multiplication des organisations internationales spécialisées a eu, entre autres conséquences, de faire apparaître des difficultés de coordination dues au fait que certaines de leurs compétences pouvaient parfois se superposer. En prenant le cas du traitement des questions de bioéthique au niveau international, l'auteur montre comment le problème de la concurrence de compétences a été abordé de deux manières différentes. Premièrement, la formule de la coordination négative, une seule organisation intervient et les autres s'abstiennent, est vite apparue aussi frustre que frustrante. Deuxièmement, la formule de la coordination positive permet certes de recueillir l'expertise de toutes les organisations concernées mais reste complexe à mettre en œuvre, c'est en fait plus un processus permanent qu'une solution pérennement établie qui nécessite une attention et des améliorations constantes.

Centuries of Portuguese rule and decades of Indonesian rule over East Timor did not manage to eradicate local socio-political structures that have proved resilient. It is, therefore, not surprising that a state-building exercise by the international community was unable to have much effect on, let alone transform, the local level. This article assesses the clash between the international paradigm of attempting to (re)build the Western liberal-style, democratic state under UNTAET and the existing indigenous paradigm of traditional political legitimacy that prevails among the majority of the population at the local level. Without reconciling the two in future UN interventions, such efforts will continue to be either irrelevant to a self-evolving reality or in fact cause local systems to collapse without being able to adequately replace them. The puzzle of how to build local government, given the two unrelated paradigms, has to be solved. (Contemp Southeast Asia/DÜI)

The industrialized nations of the world have begun to plan for the storage and eventual disposal of their increasing volumes of nuclear wastes. In this paper the authors inventory the progress made by these nations in planning for nuclear waste disposal. A typology based on the adoption of spent-fuel reprocessing programs and of progress toward selection of permanent disposal sites is developed, and the world's nuclear nations are located within this typology. However, those countries which have been active in determining and constructing disposal sites have faced considerable internal and international political conflict. Conflict over nuclear waste disposal site-selection is both a geographical and a political problem. There is a review of various factors which contribute to the articulation and resolution of political conflict, including public participation in siting decisions, veto power of local governments, and prospects for international cooperation in siting decisions. It is concluded that decentralized democratic procedures, which emphasize public participation in siting decisions, have the strongest potential for conflict resolution.