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The aim of the article is to analyze the changes introduced recently (2018-2019) in the national migration law of the selected Member States: Italy, Poland and Germany and to examine whether there exist guarantees of the right to migration security and guarantees for the realization of the principle of migration security priority at the level of national legislation. The second problem under investigation concerns the fact whether the changes introduced in the legislation recently ensure a higher level of migration security in comparison with the previous regulations. Finally, the analysis carried out in the current article is intended to demonstrate whether national law protects the rights of migrants and the receiving society in equal measure or whether certain fundamental rights which migrants are entitled to are at risk of being derogated due to the necessity of providing security to migration processes and the protection of the receiving society. The paper analyzes in detail the legislative initiatives and amendments introduced in migration and refugee law in Germany, Italy and Poland. What is more, the author gathers and analyzes the most representative national case law concerning the asylum and return migration.

Nur etwa ein Prozent der Flüchtlinge sind tatsächlich politisch Verfolgte und werden als asylberechtigt anerkannt, zwei Drittel der Asylbewerber sind Muslime und vier Fünftel alleinstehende junge Männer, die im Regelfall ihre gesamten Familien nachholen werden, sobald sie im Inland ein Bleiberecht erlangt haben. Im Jahr 2015 wurden 441.899 Erstanträge vom Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge entgegengenommen. Im Monat November 2015 beantragten 55.950 Personen Asyl in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Unbekannt ist nach wie vor die Zahl der illegal Eingereisten, die sich nicht registrieren ließen. Über die Anzahl der auf diese Weise ebenso ins Inland gelangten islamistischen Kämpfer kann man nur spekulieren. Die Flüchtlings- und Migrationsbewegung war Thema des 32. Symposiums der Studiengruppe für Politik und Völkerrecht vom 29. bis 30. November 2015 in Berlin. Es fand in Verbindung mit der Kulturstiftung der deutschen Vertriebenen statt. Unter der Überschrift »Migration, Asyl, Flüchtlinge und Fremdenrecht« diskutierten Wissenschaftler die aktuellen politischen und rechtlichen Fragen der bald als Flüchtlingskrise bezeichneten Migrationsbewegung. »Migration, Asylum, Refugees, and Aliens' Rights« Worldwide, 85 million migrants, 13 million refugees and asylum seekers and about 20 million illegal immigrants live outside their home country. Moreover, 30 million people are classified as internally displaced persons according to the UN refugee or-ganisation. Thus, about 150 million people worldwide live as migrants in a state, which is not their original home. Many of the refugees are trying to come to Europe and find a better life, especially in the Federal Republic of Germany. They apply for asylum, which is only available to them in the case of political persecution. Weltweit leben derzeit 85 Millionen Migranten, 13 Millionen Flüchtlinge und Asylsuchende und etwa 20 Millionen illegale Zuwanderer außerhalb ihres Geburtslandes. 30 Millionen Menschen gelten zudem nach Angaben der UN-Flüchtlingsorganisationen als innerstaatlich Vertriebene. Unterdessen leben also etwa 150 Millionen Menschen weltweit als Migranten in einem Staat, der nicht ihre ursprüngliche Heimat ist. Viele der Flüchtlinge versuchen nach Europa zu kommen und insbesondere in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ein besseres Leben zu finden. Sie beantragen Asyl, das ihnen aber nur bei politischer Verfolgung zusteht. Gilbert H. Gornig studierte Rechtswissenschaften und politische Wissenschaften in Regensburg und Würzburg; 1979 Zweite Juristische Staatsprüfung; 1984 Promotion (Dr. iur. utriusque); 1986 Habilitation (Dr. iur. utriusque habil.); Lehrbefugnis für Öffentliches Recht, Völkerrecht und ausländisches öffentliches Recht; Lehrstuhlvertretungen in Mainz, Göttingen und Bayreuth. Ab 1990 Professor an der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen und ab 1994 Dekan. Seit 1995 Professor für Öffentliches Recht, Völkerrecht und Europarecht an der Philipps-Universität Marburg, Dekan 2006–2012. 1996–2004 Richter am Hessischen Verwaltungsgerichtshof, seit 2009 stellvertretender Richter am Hessischen Staatsgerichtshof. Forschungsschwerpunkte: Staats- und Verfassungsrecht, Verwaltungsrecht, Völkerrecht, Europarecht.

Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; Résumé De nombreux acteurs ont pris conscience de la nécessité d'intégrer les migrations internationales au cœur des stratégies et politiques de développement socio-économique des états. Ainsi, elles font désormais l'objet d'un dialogue qui transcende les frontières nationales. La recherche de solutions à l'immigration irrégulière par le développement de voies d'immigration légales appropriées, prenant en compte les préoccupations des pays de départ, a fait émerger la notion de migrations circulaires. Cette étude dresse un état des lieux des migrations circulaires au Mali dans une perspective démographique et économique. La base de données utilisée est celle de l'enquête malienne sur les migrations de 1993. La circularité y est apparue comme un fait important et ancien qui a évolué dans le sillage du durcissement de la politique d'accueil dans les pays de destination. Elle est examinée en relation avec le cycle de vie du migrant. Ses déterminants sont également analysés. Concernant la gestion migratoire, l'étude conclut que les migrations circulaires ne pourraient se substituer à plus long terme au problème global des migrations au Mali, en raison du chômage et du sous-emploi croissant, notamment chez les jeunes. Abstract The growing interest in the link between migration and socio-economic development has led to an international debate over these issues in the framework of inter-state cooperation. The notion of "circular migration" has, indeed, emerged as a potential weapon against irregular migration patterns. This paper analyzes circular migration trends in Mali in demographic and economic terms. Its determinants are also discussed. Data are taken from the 1993 Malian survey on migrations. In Mali, circular migration is viewed as a longstanding phenomenon, which is of growing importance with the strengthening of border controls in European immigration countries. From the point of view of migration management, we conclude that in Mali, circular migration can no longer be considered as a tool for reducing flows given the critical levels of unemployment and underemployment there, especially among the young, levels which have been growing still worse in recent times.

AbstractLabour migration into Malaysia has increased rapidly in recent decades and this has affected Malaysia's government policy in managing migrants' movement. Interestingly, Malaysia has attracted a high degree of unskilled labour, accompanied by unabated rise of undocumented migrant workers. Mitigating undocumented migration is the main aim of Malaysia's labour migration policy and therefore the focus of Malaysian government. This has impacted on how enforcement agencies work out strategies. These agencies are the forefront of Malaysia's labour migration policy but they faced a number of challenges, such as documentation, finance and manpower capability, and political intervention, which impede their ability to optimize their capabilities in enforcing the Malaysian government labour migration policy. Resolving these challenges and moving towards a long‐term labour migration policy will benefit the Malaysian state, its citizens and the labour migrants.

One aspect of the compound of issues hiding behind the word -migration- is irregular migration, sometimes referred to as -undocumented-, -sans papier- or -illegal- migration. In this book the notion -irregular- is most often used as ideas about what is legal and illegal when it comes to migration are far from clear and also extremely politically volatile. The irregular migrant is, in fact, at the centre of one of the great paradoxes of European politics today: the openly declared demographic need for more labour and the strong consensus on a toughening migration regime, limiting the possibilities to enter regularly into the Union. This is linked to a growing concern about informalisation of the labour market and populist anti-immigrant mobilisation, gaining influence in many European countries today. The irregular migrant, although often forced to -play in the dark-, in real life as well as in the narratives of national and Union development, is however a key figure behind many central political discussions today. Therefore, to understand what is at stake for the migrant forced into the precarious situation of irregularity and for the communities and governments that are sending, receiving and sometimes deporting, sometimes turning a blind eye, the discussion must be connected to questions of globalisation, out-sourcing, welfare change, human-, migrants-- and workers- rights, as well as to long standing debates on multiculturalism, racism and anti-racism, diasporas and xenophobia in European communities. But experience, research and policy vary greatly across Europe. However, as migration is about crossing borders and (EU) policy, for some time now, has seeked solutions that transcend national borders, research and public discussion must do the same. This book is an attempt to assemble contributions from researchers across the EU, the new member states, selected candidate countries, some of the neighbouring countries in Eastern Europe, the Western Balkans and the Southern Mediterranean. Methodologically there is a great variety among the contributions, which is suitable since one hardly gets anywhere with a multileveled and complex issue like irregular migration without a multidisciplinary approach. This is also motivated by an additional ambition of this book to, beside bringing together different European experiences, also try to link better the otherwise often separate discussions on globalisation, labour market change, racism and xenophobia to migration, both irregular and regular. Hence, to study migration means opening for a discussion of political economy, development issues and large scale legal, social and political transitions, as well as local communities and networks, individual strategies of survival and personal fates, joys and tragedies. We have divided the book into five parts representing different aspects of this large topic.

This paper analyzes the determinants of female migration to export processing zones (EPZs) in Malaysia. A comparison of the individual and household migration models reveals interesting and important contrasting results. First, the role played by the expected net income gains is opposite in the two models: negative in the individual model, positive in the household model. Second, family migration experience is significant in the individual model but not in the household model. Third, attitudes matter to the household decision on a daughter's migration but not in the individual model. These contrasting results suggest that explaining the daughter's migration decision may require more than separation of the individual motives and familial needs.