Suchergebnisse

Abstract
Hungary had been one of the frontrunners in the political and economic transition process in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s, and in 2004 it joined the European Union. Since 2010, Hungary has gradually become an autocratic regime, a process that has been facilitated by the political benefits of EU integration and money transfers. While the support of the Hungarian people for EU membership has remained high, tensions have increased between the Hungarian government and EU institutions. This article evaluates how the external shock of Russia's war against Ukraine has shaken Hungary's so far developed authoritarian equilibrium within the EU. The authors show how embedded the Hungarian autocracy has become and argue that although there have been some effects to the pillars of the authoritarian equilibrium, it has remained stable, and most probably will continue to do so, as long as the illiberal regime stays in power.

In less than a decade, Europe has witnessed a series of large-scale natural disasters and two major terrorist attacks. Growing concern about the trans-national effects of these incidents has caused the EU Member States to seek more multilateral cooperation. As a result, a system of common arrangements for handling large-scale emergencies or disasters has emerged, which, due to its quick and ad-hoc development, may seem almost impenetrable to newcomers to the field. This book seeks to provide a much-needed overview of disaster and crisis management systems in the EU. It provides a basic understanding of how EU policy has evolved, the EU's mandate, and above all, a concise and hands-on description of the most central crisis management arrangements. Written by some of Europe's main experts and consultants in the field, this book represents a unique and comprehensive source of information for everyone involved or interested in the European Union crisis management system. 'This book will quickly become an indispensable resource for two groups: Practitioners will enjoy its accessible and comprehensive style. Academics curious about this emerging field will turn to it for an introductory overview. As someone who closely studies this field, I find the book engaging, detailed, and accurate, and I read every line with great interest. The authors are to be commended for the quality of research that went into this work.' Mark Rhinard, Senior Research Fellow at the Swedish Institute of International Affairs (UI)

Cover -- Contents -- List of Figures, Illustrations and Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction: EU-Japan Relations in a Fluid Global Order -- Part I: Japan, the EU and Civilian Power Relations -- 1 Japan as a 'Proactive Civilian Power'? Domestic Constraints and Competing Priorities -- 2 The EU in a Changing Global Order: Is Emergent German Hegemony Making the EU Even More of a Civilian Power? -- 3 The EU through the Eyes of Japan: Perceptions of the European Union as a Civilian Power -- Part II: Enhancing Trade Relations and Regulatory Standards -- 4 Three Balancing Acts: The EU's Trade Policy towards East Asia -- 5 The Political and Institutional Significance of an EU-Japan Trade and Partnership Agreement -- 6 Food Fights or a Recipe for Cooperation? EU-Japan Relations and the Development of Norms in Food Safety Policy -- Part III: Promoting Environmental, Economic and Energy Security -- 7 Environmental and Energy Policy: Learning and Cooperation between the European Union and Japan -- 8 Sympathy or Self-Interest? The Development Agendas of the European Union and Japan in the 2000s -- 9 Saving the Kyoto Protocol: What Can We Learn from the Experience of Japan-EU Cooperation? -- Part IV: Protecting Political, Food and Health Security -- 10 EU-Japan Relations: Civilian Power and the Domestication/Localization of Human Rights -- 11 The EU, Japan and the Balkans: Cooperation for Post-conflict Nation-building -- 12 Global Governance of Dual Use in Biomedical Research: Cooperation between the EU and Japan on How to Minimize or Prevent Misconduct and Misuse -- 13 Accountability and the Governance of Food Safety Policy in the EU and Japan -- Bibliography -- Index.

This article argues that cooperation to tackle the consequences of large asylum migration inflows is possible only among fairly symmetrical countries. Highly asymmetric countries have no incentives to join and remain in a stable coalition. The distinction between cost and spillover asymmetries shows that financial transfers may release constraints on participation, and thus make asylum cooperation feasible, only if they are focused on tackling this asymmetry. This result becomes relevant when applied to the context of the enlarged European Union. I argue that there is the potential for a future cooperative burden-sharing regime for asylum, particularly if unanimity is replaced by the double majority principle in European Council votes, as suggested in the EU reform treaty.

Agreement done at Corfu, Greece, June 24, 1994, that strengthens economic and political ties, increases trade, and holds out the prospect for a free trade area. Text provided by the Embassy of the Russian Federation, Washington, D.C.

"European Union Enlargement offers an intense and detailed analysis of the almost ten-year process of preparing and negotiating the accession of Eastern, Southeastern, and Central European countries, as well as Mediterranean countries to the European Union. In the end, ten joined in 2004, with two more to follow in 2007. European Union Enlargement was written by two diplomats who were directly involved in that process. Sajdik and Schwarzinger relate their first-hand experience of proceedings that occurred behind closed doors. They detail how the vision of adding some countries gradually developed into the concrete policy intended to enlarge the European Union. A special chapter explains the Accession Process as well as the Union's strategy that prepared the candidate countries, in legal and economic terms, for membership. The authors describe in detail the complex negotiations that occurred from 1998 to 2002. These include activities of EU member states as well as the European Commission with respect to the candidate countries. They further offer a brief analysis of future possibilities of EU-accession by Balkan nations and Turkey. A number of topical chapters deal with particular key issues involved in the process: free movement of workers, agriculture, financing of the enlargement, transport, and nuclear safety. Other chapters deal with the enclave of Kaliningrad as well as the Stability and Association Pact for South East Europe. In addition to providing key information about the process, this volume is also a case study of European policies and diplomatic practice. The enlargement negotiations from 1998 to 2002 were the most complex ones the European Union had ever conducted. In consequence, this work gives insight into the working methods of both the institutions in Brussels and of the representatives of the member states that made them a success. It will be of interest to those concerned with European politics, international organizations, and area studies."--Provided by publisher.

This article provides an overview of the study of the European Union since the doldrums of the 1970s. We focus on three debates that have helped to shape the field. Has European integration centralised state control or is European integration part of a process of dispersion of authority? What is the role of identity in framing preferences over European integration? And, finally, is European integration part of a new political cleavage? We observe that the European Union is a moving target. It has a habit of throwing up new and unexpected facts which wrong-foot extant theories. We have no grounds for believing that this will not continue. Adapted from the source document.

This report has attempted to review the development of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) dialogue forum and the future of Asia-Europe relations more generally. This area of studies is well underdeveloped, making both the research and the writing of this paper challenging and rewarding. As Asia and Europe are becoming key players in the new multipolar world order, ASEM will undoubtedly emerge as a major organisation. Indeed, ASEM is the only inter-regional forum of its kind. Its broad agenda includes global political and economical issues as well as social development and cultural understanding between the two regions. Discussion between the 4 7 members however remains informal and non-binding. Nevertheless, after 14 years of informal dialogue, the ASEM framework is at a turning point. Demands for concrete projects and cooperation are on the rise. Future developments of the process should consider the following recommendations. • Evolution to a trans-regional architecture in order to preserve each member states' sovereignty and national interests. In this framework, nations would be more likely to find a compromise and to cooperate with one another. • Institutionalisation of the ASEM process with the establishment of 'small secretariats'. These institutions are essential for agenda-setting and coordination of discussion during summits. It would also give ASEM a physical representation and help member states to move toward community-building. • Development of a comprehensive communication campaign to increase ASEM's visibility. On a global level, promotion of the ASEM within international institutions and national parliaments to increase awareness of the process. From a local perspective, organisation of joint public events, between the ASEF and Institutes of International Affairs, universities and other civil societies organisations, or between the AEBF and the business sector throughout Europe and Asia, would contribute to a stronger feeling of ownership. These recommendations suggest ways to improve mechanisms of the ASEM process that could help to dispel mistrust between its members and disorganisation of dialogue. If ASEM achieves coherence of its institutions and processes, ASEM would become the major contributor to community-building and constructive cooperation between Asia and Europe.

Abstract
Assessment of sustainable position of selected countries is the important challenge in the last years. The sustainable theory has changed from the years of Rio conference and the availability of statistical resources is becoming better. Sustainable development is an important objective for each country. Enlargement of the EU has brought the current priorities and future direction of EU environmental policy sharply into focus. Enlargement process has increased the standards of environmental protection and social development. Significant environmental investments are necessary and the new members need to speed up their preparation for implementing the Gothenburg strategy "sustainable strategy".

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- List of Illustrations -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. International Cooperation and Migration Management -- 3. Collaboration in EU Migration Management -- 4. Coordination in Italy -- 5. Subcontracting in Greece -- 6. Conclusion -- Appendix I: Timeline of Migration State Capacity in Europe -- Appendix II: Timeline of Migration State Capacity in Italy -- Appendix III: Timeline of Migration State Capacity in Greece -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.