Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Editors' Foreword -- Table of Contents -- Oliver Landmann: Is there a Macroeconomic Case for Protection? -- 1. Introduction: The rise of protectionism -- 2. International competitiveness and the balance of trade in the medium term -- 3. Short-run effects of commercial policy under flexible exchange rates -- 4. Summary and conclusions -- References -- Takashi Matsugi: The Industrial Policy of Japan -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A brief survey of Japanese industrial policy in 1960-1980 -- 2.1. Active investments in plant and equipment in the time of rapid economic growth -- 2.2. Pollution as a price for economic growth -- 2.3. Energy saving efforts after the oil shock in 1973 -- 3. The recent policy stance of MITI -- 4. Import promotion and related problems -- 4.1. Changing roles of trade in Japanese economic development -- 4.2. The changing paradigm of trade -- 5. Agricultural policy up to the year 2000 -- 5.1. Re-view of agricultural policy up to 1980 -- 5.2. Basic direction of agricultural policies in the 1980s -- 5.3. Basic direction of agricultural policies towards the 21st century -- 6. Concluding remarks -- References -- Masanao Itoh: The Abandonment of the Gold Standard and Foreign Exchange / Tariff Policy - The Economic Lessons of the Great Depression in the Case of Japan - -- 1. Preface -- 2. The impact of the economic crisis (1930-31) in Japan -- 3. Rapid recovery from the crisis -- 4. The effect of economic policies on the recovery -- 4.1. Foreign exchange policy -- 4.2. Tariff policy -- 4.3. Financial/monetary policy -- References -- Ryuhei Okumura: Real and Monetary Shocks in a Dynamic Two-Country Model -- 1. lntroduction -- 2. The model -- 2.1. The framework of the model -- 2.2. Households -- 2.3. Government -- 2.4. Market equilibrium -- 3. Analysis -- 3.1. Solution of the utility maximization problem -- 3.2. The stationary state.

The problem of the geopolitical stability of the country has always been the basis of sustainable economic development. CIS countries and their closest neighbours are the international centres where important transport and communication routes from Asia to Europe intersect. They have a wide range of various raw material reserves, which focuses the world community's attention and builds a separate vector of economic relations. The transformation processes that have taken place in recent years in countries have been due to scientific and technological progress, the intensity of global innovation, and globalization trends, which encourage the country to move to a new level of development. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of CIS countries' international economic position in the formation of the basis for innovative development. The main purpose of the study is to confirm the hypothesis about the functional links between foreign trade and investment activities of countries and the level of innovative development of the country according to the level of economical development. The study's methodological tools were the methods of correlation-regression analysis and simultaneous structural equations, which allow formalizing both explicit and latent relationships between the studied objects. The study period was chosen from 2011 to 2018 because of statistical data availability. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of regressors which identify the level of innovation development countries and three dependent variables (regressands) which indicate the dynamics of foreign trade turnover, doing business and total internal economic conditions. Besides, the variables from each defined block participate as both dependent and independent variables during the construction of the structural model. The results of the study could be useful for The Innovation Agencies, which are established under the Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies of these countries that assist local business entities in acquiring modern technologies and technological solutions.