Suchergebnisse

- Intra-Block-Handel. BIOst/Gsh. + Rumäniens Bemühungen um internationale Anerkennung als Entwicklungsland und Ausweitung seiner Beziehungen zu Entwicklungsländern in den 70er Jahren. Darstellung der Erwartungen und Ziele, Begründungen und Methoden, Vor- und Nachteile, Probleme und Zukunftsaussichten dieser Politik. + - Beziehungen zur EWG + - Beitritt zu UN-Wirtschafts- und Finanzorganisationen (UN-Intergovernmental Agencies) + Aspekte: + - Bewerbung um Mitgliedschaft in der Gruppe der 77 + - Handelsbeziehungen, Außenhandel + - Unterstützung von Programmen und Resolutionen der Gruppe der 77

The activity of two great personalities representing the interest and the rights of Romanians ethnics from Transylvania during the dualist period from 1867 to 1918 are analyzed here. Iuliu Maniu and Aurel Constantin Popoviciu were members of the Romanian National Party from Transylvania and Hungary with a different vision on the national assertion of rights and freedom related to the Austro-Hungarian Empire and another ethnic group of Dualist State.

Organisms and international organizations give a growing importance to the drinking water's quality and to the gradual growing access to water from a secure source, for the entire population. In this context, specific legislation has been developed, both at the international as well as the community acquits level, in order to compel the states in general and the EU's member states' especially, to ensure the quality and quantity of the services provided. This article succinctly presents the international legislation in this field and the current stage in complying with the targets assumed.

Das Parlament als demokratische Institution, Fragen zum politischen
System und Haltung zum Nationalitätenproblem.

Themen: Einschätzung der Arbeit des Parlaments; Verteilung der Rechte
von Parlament und Regierung; Effektivität der Arbeit der Kommissionen
des Parlaments; Verteilung der staatlichen Subventionen zwischen
Industrie und Landwirtschaft; Verteilung der Steuereinnahmen zwischen
Zentral- und Lokalregierung; präferierter Grad der sozialen Sicherheit
durch Staat, Unternehmen und durch den einzelnen; gegenwärtige
Reformführung und -tempo; Privatisierung einzelner Wirtschaftszweige;
Dezentralisierung; Hauptprobleme der Lokalregierung; Diskussion im
Wahlkreis über Lebenshaltungskosten, Arbeitslosigkeit, Bodenreform,
Kommunalregierung, inter-ethnische Beziehungen und Gesetzgebung;
Situation der Minderheiten, Benachteiligung der Rumänen;
Informationstätigkeit des rumänischen Radios und Fernsehens; Rechte der
Minderheiten; kulturelle Autonomie; Vertretung der Minderheiten in der
Regierung; Verwendung der Muttersprache in Justiz und Lokalregierungen;
Bewertung der Tätigkeit der eigenen Fraktion und der
Parlamentsmitglieder der eigenen Partei; Zusammenarbeit von Senat und
Abgeordnetenkammer; Mitarbeit in einer parlamentarischen Kommission;
Zusammenarbeit der Mitglieder der eigenen Fraktion und zwischen den
Fraktionen; Stabilität der eigenen Partei; Kommunikation mit dem eigenen
Wahlkreis; Änderung der Parteizugehörigkeit seit der letzten Wahl;
voraussichtliches Antreten bei der nächsten Wahl; Information über
gegenwärtige Situation im Land; Informationsquellen für die
parlamentarische Arbeit; Voraussetzungen für die Verbesserung der
parlamentarischen Arbeit; Nationalität; Funktion im Parlament;
Parteizugehörigkeit; Wohnort.

This paper provides an updated analysis of the Danube's hydrographic, hydrologic, and water quality features describing the characteristics of its entire course and focusing on the lower sector. The Danube is the second largest watercourse in Europe in terms of length (2860 km) and basin area (817,000 km2). In Romania, the Danube is 1,075 km long and drains over 97% of the country's territory.. The Danube's multiannual average discharge increases downstream collecting the tributaries waters - 1,470 m3/s at Passau, after the confluence with the river Inn; 1,920 m3/s in Vienna; 2,350 m3/s in Budapest and 5,300 m3/s after the Drava, Tisa, and Sava confluences. The Danube enters Romania at Baziaş with 5,523 m3/s (multiannual average flow during the 1931-2020 period). The maximum discharge is recorded by the high spring waters, but occasionally in summer, too: 15,800 m³/s at Baziaș in April 2006; 15,300 m3/s at Giurgiu, and 15,900 m3/s at Ceatal Chilia. The minimum discharge occurs in autumn and occasionally in winter: 1,040 m3/s at Baziaș in 1949; and 1,790 m3/s at Ceatal Chilia in 1947. The suspended sediments discharge (1840-2000) was on average 53 million tons/ year at Isaccea, that is, 1,681 kg/s. Since 1996, the qualitative monitoring of the water has been implemented through the Danube Transnational Monitoring Network (TNMN) of the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). The spatial and temporal variation in the Pontic sector of the physical-chemical quality indicators, reflects the general characteristics and the effect/impact of the main pressures identified at the basin level for the 1996-2020 period, in monitoring stations (from Baziaș to Reni and on its 3 arms). From a complete and integrative perspective and in line with the Water Framework Directive provisions, the Danube water bodies, their typology, ecological status/potential, and chemical status have been presented. The lower Danube-associated natural protected areas that are established under the international, European and national legal requirements have been reviewed.

ABSTRACT: It is a fact that the phenomenon of migration has generated major outcomes on the Romanian society, both from a social point of view, but also from an economic perspective. Following the country integration in the European Union a large number of Romanians have chosen to migrate, especially in countries in Western Europe, in search of a better life and higher incomes. This migration has led to a decrease in the workforce in Romania, but has also changed the manner in which Romanian employees are viewed by the companies in which they work and changed the manner in which they behave at their workplace. The present paper seeks to provide a better understanding of the particularities of Romanian employees at their workplace and of the effects that migration had on these particularities.

Purpose. Although reactive telephone helplines for quitting smoking are increasingly popular in the United States, the characteristics of callers using this resource have not been adequately studied. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the current smokers calling a national reactive telephone helpline (i.e., study population). Design and Setting. In this cross-sectional study, information was obtained from eligible participants telephonically. Subjects. The study included 890 adult current smokers who were new callers to a national reactive helpline. Measures. The information collected included selected demographic and smoking-related characteristics. Analysis. The proportions of the above characteristics were analyzed. Results. There was a significant overrepresentation of blacks, non-Hispanics, women, and urban residents, as well as poorer, older, less educated, and heavier smokers in the study population (p < .01 for all comparisons). Conclusions. Reactive telephone helplines may be preferentially used by population segments who are disadvantaged or smoke heavily and thus are in greatest need for assistance. These helplines may therefore fill a much-needed niche in the marketplace of smoking cessation strategies.

Der Autor behandelt Formen, Taktik und Bedeutung der militärpolitischen Autonomie und die Rolle Rumäniens innerhalb des Warschauer Pakts (WP). Er stellt das Verhältnis zwischen der rumänischen nationalen Verteidigungsdoktrin und der sowjetischen Militärstrategie dar und erörtert Art und Grenzen der Beteiligung rumänischer Einheiten an Manövern des WP. (BIOst-Hat)

World-Class Universities (WCUs) are nationally embedded comprehensive higher education institutions (HEIs) that are closely engaged in the global knowledge system. The article reviews the conditions of possibility and evolution of WCUs. Three interpretations are used to explain worldwide higher education: neoliberal theory, institutional theory, and critical political economy, which give greater recognition than the other theories to the role of the state and variations between states. World higher education is evolving under conditions of globalization, organizational modernization (the New Public Management), and in some countries, marketization. These larger conditions have become manifest in higher education in three widespread tendencies: massification, the WCU movement, and organizational expansion. The last includes the strengthening of the role of the large multi-disciplinary multi-purpose HEIs ("multiversities"), in the form of both research-intensive WCUs with significant global presence, and other HEIs. The role of binary sector and specialist HEIs has declined. Elite WCUs gain status and strategic advantage in both quantity and quality: through growth and the expansion of scope, and through selectivity and research concentration. The balance between quantity and quality is now resolved at larger average size and broader scope than before. The final section of the article reviews WCUs in China and considers whether they might constitute a distinctive university model.

The Soviet regime's contention that the nationalities problem has been solved can no longer be taken seriously. At his speech honoring the fiftieth anniversary of the formation of the Soviet Union on December 21, 1972, party chief Leonid Brezhnev claimed:By now … solving the nationalities problem, overcoming the backwardness of previously oppressed nations, is … habitual for the Soviet people. We must remember the scope and complexity of the accomplishments, in order to appreciate the wisdom … of the party, which took upon itself such a task — and accomplished it.

Drawing on a sample of children's reading primers published between
1938 and 1953 in Romania, this article explores ways in which both the monarchic and the communist regimes used primary education to fashion political subjects before, during, and after the Second World War. Theoretically grounded in a sociological approach and empirically grounded in textual and visual thematic content analysis, the findings reveal significant semantic shifts in understandings of the "nation" in relation to internal and external anchors, including religion, monarchy, and work, but they also indicate important continuities relating to an ethos of political submission (toward God and king, or the party and the Soviet Union) and patriotic solidarity (with the Romanian Orthodox nation or the workers' proletarian nation).