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The capacity for giving names to things is a position of privilege. Black feminist movements have stressed that patriarchy and sexism cannot be dissociated from class oppression, capitalism, colonialism and racism. Typically, a huge gap exists between women's recognition of their rights (including the right to assembly and participation) and the actualisation of practices in defence of those rights. In Brazil, politics is a territory of the elites. The Yalodês project participants are eager for information, skills and strategy, to claim political language, to communicate better with local governance institutions, and to gain greater legitimacy, especially among the local governance.

AbstractContemporary Iranian women writers contribute to the Iranian literary tradition by writing about women's roles during the political upheavals leading up to and after the 1979 Revolution. In Simin Daneshvar's Savushun and Shahrnush Parsipur's Women without Men, the authors meticulously employ colloquial sexist diction to expose the connection between sexism and violence against women. The portrayal of such violence relies on language that illustrates the authors' concerns and their commentary on the status of women. In this situation, literary criticism of the novels demands an approach that discusses feminism, language, and translation as interrelated. This article analyzes issues introduced in the translation of Savushun and Women without Men where translation choices have an impact on important elements of the original novels. By revealing how translation can minimize important culturally bound elements of Daneshvar's and Parsipur's feminist awareness and agency, it provides an example with relevance for critical translation studies.

Indonesian classic literary works culturally represent ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Instead of campaign againts sexism in most of countries, the novelist directly or indirectly plays role in the case of spreading out sexism. The track record of Indonesian literary works in wide world literature exposes that Pulau Buru quartet written by Pramoedya Ananta Toer has obtained special attention by readers over the globe. It has been translated into more than 40 foreign languages. Due to the phenomena, the research is conducted to examine how the translator translates the utterances which contain ambivalent sexist attitutes toward women in English version. The research is focused on analyzing the application of translation techniques and the impact to its translation quality. The results reveals that translator shows a contradictive attitudinal positioning. It means that the translator both takes it for granted and retains ambivalent sexist attitudes in the target text. Simultaneously, the translator attempts to make censorship for the issues. It is evidently reflected by the application of translation techniques. Both of translator's decisions dealing with the choice of applying translation techniques impacts its translation quality. Therefore, it is product oriented translation research. Consequently, it needs futher research to dig up the translator's reasons dealing with the absence and existence of ambivalent sexist attitudes in the target text.

During her bid for president, Hillary Clinton was often questioned about allegations of sexism in media coverage surrounding her campaign. She once responded: "It's been deeply offensive to millions of women. I believe this campaign has been a groundbreaker in a lot of ways. But it certainly has been challenging given some of the attitudes in the press." Were media mentalities and reporting really as biased toward Clinton's gender as has been asserted? This study seeks to answer not only that question, but also to determine whether such bias is unique to a female presidential candidate in the United States. This is accomplished by studying and quantifying gender-­‐specific labels applied to Clinton and former Chilean President Michelle Bachelet in major newspapers of their respective countries during their campaigns. Clinton has praised Bachelet for her response to sexism in politics. In 2008, she said, "Being a woman in politics can be tough business, and Bachelet made it look effortless." This study reveals that though bias existed in coverage of Bachelet's campaign, there was a greater amount of bias in Clinton's campaign. This was achieved by determining how often gender-­‐based labels were applied to each of the women, how harsh they were in tone, and which country appeared to use sexist language at a greater rate.

AbstractIn this article, I reflect upon the persistence of racial injustice and sexism in the process of knowledge production. This gendered racial injustice is seen in publication rates, citation rates, and appointments to editorial boards. The underrepresentation of women in general, and black women in particular, discursively constructs scholarly enquiry as normatively white and masculine. The exclusion of nonwhite scholars partially emanates from a reliance on Euro-American theoretical frameworks that are applied, often uncritically, in other contexts as if the Euro-American experience were universal. The result is scholarship that is incongruous with local experiences and practices. As theJournal of Language and Sexualitycelebrates its tenth year of publication, it would benefit from including epistemic perspectives that are pluralistic in ontologies, cosmologies, and insights.

Abstract
The present paper is part of an overview of the discursive manifestations of the U.S. President Trump's sexist
attitudes and practices. Drawing upon Mills' model of sexism (2008) and Van Dijk's
socio-cognitive framework (2006), the study will analyse a corpus of all the negative
Tweets against women tweeted by President Trump since the beginning of his 2016 campaign (July 2015) to February 2019. The study sheds a light on how President Trump's vocabulary perpetuates a male-centric hierarchy. Considering
the outcome of the 2016 elections, it can be said that his ideology has had a significant impact, particularly amongst his
supporters. His political ascendency speaks to how these ideological beliefs risk to become dangerously ingrained in language and
society.

I argue that a feminist methodology can help liberal political theory get beyond the problems that it has been recycling since the seventeenth century. Taking political obligation as the focus for my analysis, I show how feminist psychoanalytic and psychological theory can help uncover the structural sexism of liberal theory and epistemology and point the way toward more consistent—and less biased—theoretical formulations. Rejecting the essentialist view of gender difference that has been attributed to this literature, I argue that it is more interesting and appropriate to read it as a symbolic language of power and as a heuristic device for uncovering the gendered dimensions of supposedly "neutral" concepts like obligation.

AbstractWe propose and explore the possibility that language models can be studied as effective proxies for specific human subpopulations in social science research. Practical and research applications of artificial intelligence tools have sometimes been limited by problematic biases (such as racism or sexism), which are often treated as uniform properties of the models. We show that the "algorithmic bias" within one such tool—the GPT-3 language model—is instead both fine-grained and demographically correlated, meaning that proper conditioning will cause it to accurately emulate response distributions from a wide variety of human subgroups. We term this propertyalgorithmic fidelityand explore its extent in GPT-3. We create "silicon samples" by conditioning the model on thousands of sociodemographic backstories from real human participants in multiple large surveys conducted in the United States. We then compare the silicon and human samples to demonstrate that the information contained in GPT-3 goes far beyond surface similarity. It is nuanced, multifaceted, and reflects the complex interplay between ideas, attitudes, and sociocultural context that characterize human attitudes. We suggest that language models with sufficient algorithmic fidelity thus constitute a novel and powerful tool to advance understanding of humans and society across a variety of disciplines.

Media has an important role in socializing Iranian women into sexism and patriarchy. The women have been indoctrinated to believe that gender inequality is natural and neutral, so they do not challenge the existing power structure. Given the power of media in shaping Iranian women's identity, it is imperative to be analyzed critically. The current study investigates how Iranian women's rights activists understand the core concepts of critical media literacy. Through a qualitative approach and conducting semi-structured interviews with 15 Iranian women's rights activists, this study reveals that the activists know the five core concepts, non-transparency, audience interpretation, politics of representation, media motivations, and social justice. However, they know little about other core concepts, languages and techniques, and how the media could subordinate women further through employing these techniques.

ResumenEn el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo un estudio de los recursos lingí¼í­sticos utilizados con fines ideológicos,racistas y sexistas presentes en el discurso docente, especí­ficamente, en los textos escolares de educación básica para la enseñanza del inglés desde la perspectiva del análisis crí­tico del discurso de Van Dijk (1997a, 2002,2003, 2005). En concreto, se analiza la ocurrencia de éstos como rasgos léxicos-semánticos asociados a las caracterí­sticas estructurales internas de los textos escolares empleados en la pedagogí­a del inglés en los colegios de administración pública y privada del paí­s. Se parte de una muestra representativa de ocho libros educacionales(del año 2007) utilizados de tercero a octavo básico, elegidos según los referentes conceptuales planteados porAlarcón (2006). Los resultados indican que a través del discurso docente se reproduce y perpetúa la ideologí­a patriarcal y las actitudes sexistas.Palabras Claves: Ideologí­a, racismo, sexismo, discurso docente, textos escolares, análisis crí­tico del discurso. IDEOLOGY, RACISM AND SEXISM IN SCHOOL BOOKSOF PRIMARY SCHOOL FOR THE ENGLISH TEACHING:AN APPROACH FROM THE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OFTHE SPEECHAbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the linguistic resources, found in the teaching scenario, for the presence (sometimes unintentional) of sexist, racist and ideological overtones. It focuses on textbooks used for the teaching of English as a foreign language in primary schools of the private sector as well as those used in the government schools (public sector) in Chile. The study was carried out taking into account Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis(1997a, 2002, 2003, and 2005). The sample consisted of 8 textbooks (of 2007) used in third to seventh grade primary school and considered according to the conceptual references presented by Alarcón (2006). The textbooks used in government schools are, in fact, ones that are used all over the country for primary school students. The occurrence of the above mentioned overtones as well as the lexical-semantic features which occur in association with the structural characteristics present in the examined textbooks are analyzed.Key Words: Ideology, racism, sexism, teaching discourse, English textbooks, critical discourse analysisConferencia presentada en 2010 IATEFL-TESOL Chile International Conference:Communication, Culture & Community bajo el tí­tulo "Ideology, sexism & racism in Englishtextbooks".

This paper seeks to investigate whether the Indonesian government's attempt to promote a genderequal society in recent decades and improve gender awareness are reflected in patterns of gender representation in EFL textbooks in secondary schools. The study made an analysis of four compulsory textbooks published in 2016 with corpus linguistic tools (e.g. pronouns, occupation, amount of talk) and how gender is represented in the visuals (or illustrations) through conducting frequency counts of the occurrence of male and female characters and the spheres of activities they engaged, to investigate the ration of female-to-male appearances, the extent of use of genderneutral, and gender-marked constructions, common address titles for reference, and order of appearance of women and men. The findings show that there is a need for evaluation of the existing language textbooks in secondary schools, with the aim of promoting a more gender-balanced learning material. Moreover, the classroom teachers raise the need for the promotion of initial as well as in-service training for teachers on issues of 'gender stereotypes', 'language sexism' and 'gender-mainstreaming policies'.

Abstract
Textbooks, authorized by the national education agency to be major teaching materials used in schools in China, are a kind of cultural capital. Textbooks assimilate and spread the culture of a certain society, which standardizes and restricts the compilation of textbooks. The culture of a society, especially the main ideology inevitably permeates textbooks. Therefore, what content is chosen in textbooks, how to organize the knowledge and how to present it to the target readers and evaluate it,are surely influenced by ideology. And the influence is neither obvious nor hidden. EFL teaching materials, the bridge between students and their teachers, are indispensable from English language instruction. Within the framework of Critical Linguistics, this paper studies the complicated relationship between language, power and ideology, based on one of the widely used EFL textbooks in Mainland China Fun with English. It tries to expose hidden sexism in Fun with English through quantitative analysis, textual analysis and comparative analysis. Moreover, it shows how sexist EFL teaching material affects their users and tentatively suggests several practical suggestions for overcoming negative effects of such materials.

Introduction.The paper reviews features and main problems of feminist linguistics. The novelty of the study is an unparalleled take on feminist linguistics in contradistinction to gender linguistics; the identification of their fundamental differences as well as emphasizing arguments in favour of both scholarly importance and practical value of feminist linguistic studies. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the lack of academic papers concerning the subject; the growing interest in studying the language as an anthropocentric sociocultural phenomenon; and the increasing significance of the feminist movement world-wide.Methodology and data sources.The theoretical foundation of the study constitutes Russian and foreign gender studies (works of А. V. Kirilina, А. М. Kuznetsov), feminist sociological and sociolinguistic studies (L. N. Kaznin, R. Lakoff, M. Fuko) as well as feminist linguistic studies (N. A. Antropova, E. Gorshko, O. A. Voronina, E. Zdravomyslova, A. V. Tolstokorova). The methods of the study include both analysis and synthesis of theoretical material; polling research; the analysis of the collected data.Results and discussion.The latest results on feminist linguistics research are showing inadequacy of the attempts of proving the existence of either «women's language», «men's language», or genderlect. This is in fact entirely sociocultural phenomenon of the replicating women's and men's behavioral patterns in a particular culture, including the patterns of speech. Feminist linguistics uses a more in-depth approach in the studies and addresses the language system directly, identifying gender asymmetry that is evident in the androcentrism of a language; it also develops strategies against language sexism and suggests concrete ways of its elimination, such as the introduction of gender-neutral lexical units and feminine gender-specific job titles, the implementation of inclusive language. All of that is possible with feminist language reforms and appropriate feminist language planning.Conclusion.An overview of conventional gender linguistics findings draws to a conclusion that feminist linguistic studies introduce lots of new ideas of a special value to linguistics. Feminist language critique is a progressive course of modern linguistics that draws attention to the most vital language issues of the society and suggests effective means of addressing them.

Vorwort -- Vorwort -- I. Einführung -- Über dieses Buch -- Women Changing Words Changing Women -- II. Sprache im Patriarchat verschiedener Länder. Tendenzen der Veränderung im Bereich der Personenbezeichnungen -- Frauen entpatrifizieren die Sprache: Feminisierungstendenzen im heutigen Deutsch -- Some Aspects of Sexism in Spanish -- Occupational Titles in Italian: Changing the Sexist Usage -- Sprache und Geschlecht in Neugriechischen -- Sexistische Sprachmuster im Dänischen und Tendenzen des sprachlichen Wandels -- Geschlechtsabstraktion oder -Spezifikation: Entwicklungstendenzen im Bereich der norwegischen Personenbezeichnungen -- Eine Frau — ein Wort: Über die Gleichbehandlung von Frauen und Männern und die Konsequenzen für Berufsbezeichnungen im Niederländischen -- Anders, aber gleich? Über die Bildung weiblicher Berufsbezeichnungen im Niederländischen -- III. Historische und soziolinguistische Aspekte des ungesteuerten Sprachwandels -- Fair Maiden and Dark Lady: The Impact of Courtly Love on Sexual Stereotypes in Modern English -- Zum Bedeutungswandel von engl. witch vom 9.-17. Jahrhundert: Eine Kollokationsanalyse unter Berücksichtigung soziokultureller Faktoren -- Aspekte des Schicht-, geschlechts- und generationsspezifischen Lautwandels in Wien: Eine Untersuchung zum Sprachverhalten von Müttern und Töchtern -- IV. Tendenzen feministischer Sprachpolitik und die Reaktion des Patriarchats -- Nicht-sexistische Sprache und soziolinguistische Aspekte von Sprachwandel und Sprachplanung -- Language Planning and Sexual Equality: Guidelines for Non-Sexist Usage -- Reaktionen auf die "Richtlinien zur Vermeidung sexistischen Sprachgebrauchs" -- Die Autorinnen.

The study investigates linguistic sexism in communication in sports within a sociolinguistic context. The starting point of the research is a recent debate in Turkish society about the appropriate word to refer to females in sport. Specifically, the manuscript focuses on the preference between the near-synonymous Turkish words kadın and bayan (the corresponding English words are 'woman' and 'lady') in the case of describing females in sport. We present a theoretical background for gender in language and linguistic sources that explains the multilayered meanings of the Turkish words. We also present the findings of a supportive text-mining study that covers articles published in national newspapers in four consecutive years. The study aims to reveal the change in the recent usage in favour of both words as well as investigate long-term trends by using the 50-year archive of a mainstream national newspaper.