Suchergebnisse

AbstractJakobson's article "On linguistic aspects of translation" proposes a tripartite division of translation as intralingual, interlingual, and intersemiotic, which offers a panorama of a semiotic approach to translation, especially to what is translation in a multileveled sense. Subsequent scholars develop the two implicit ideas in his article, named by the author as "translation as sign transformation" and "translation as sign interpretation." While further widening the scope and enriching the perspective of Jakobson's typology, current literature remains purely theoretical in essence. As a particular research area, cultural terminology translation could serve as the axis linking theory and practice, which becomes the primary concern for this paper. Grounded on a review of Jakobson's division and related literature in translation semiotics, this study proposes a multileveled understanding of cultural terminology translation based on some concrete cases. Cultural terminology translation is regarded as "sign transformation" and "sign interpretation." As sign transformation, it concerns the transformation of conceptual, linguistic, and cultural signs, while as sign interpretation, it goes from intralingual to interlingual to intersemiotic interpretation. This research concludes that cultural terminology translation is a complex sign activity calling for further investigations.

The idea of culture is closely linked to translation, but it has evolved a great deal since translation studies emerged as an autonomous discipline. Initially culture was understood as a monolithic whole, coextensive with the use of a language that was thought to reflect a particular life style and vision of the world. Nevertheless equality between languages in relation to naming reduced the differences between cultures that might have been expected to hinder transfer of the meanings to be expressed. With postcolonialism, this linguistic approach to culture was replaced by an approach incorporating human factors. It became apparent that translation is a fiduciary operation between partners in an often asymmetrical relationship. The critique of translation practices drawing on anthropology revealed the relations of domination between translating and translated cultures. This cultural turn of translation called for an ethics of difference that respects identities. Increasingly translation practices that had been observed in the context of colonialisation, in distant times and cultures, were examined in the proximity of contemporary societies. Translation studies then began borrowing its models from sociology. It focused on agents and institutions and on the interests underlying the flow of translation, both within particular societies and on a global scale. On the edges of this sociography, the sociology of communication makes it possible to reintegrate the discursive components of translation. A number of factors, including new technologies, globalisation, conflicts and migrations, have led the forms and media of intercultural mediation to diversify, requiring new theorisations. Formerly the dominant paradigm, western translation studies is now incorporating insights from other cultures, which entails a revision of its concepts and models.

"The emergence of transgender communities into the public eye over the past few decades has brought some new understanding, but also renewed outbreaks of violent backlash. In Transgender, Translation, Translingual Address Douglas Robinson seeks to understand the "Btranslational" or "Btranslingual" dialogues between cisgendered and transgendered people. Drawing on a wide range of LGBT scholars, philosophers, sociologists, sexologists, and literary voices, Robinson sets up cis-trans dialogues on such issues as "Bbeing born in the wrong body," binary vs. anti-binary sex/gender identities, and the nature of transition and transformation. Prominent voices in the book include Kate Bornstein, C. Jacob Hale, and Sassafras Lowrey. The theory of translation mobilized in the book is not the traditional equivalence-based one, but Callon and Latour's sociology of translation as "Bspeaking for someone else," which grounds the study of translation in social pressures to conform to group norms. In addition, however, Robinson translates a series of passages from Finnish trans novels into English, and explores the "Btranslingual address" that emerges when those English translations are put into dialogue with cis and trans scholars."--Bloomsbury Publishing

Translation memories (TMs), as part of Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools, support translators reusing portions of formerly translated text. Fencing books are good candidates for using TMs due to the high number of repeated terms. Medieval texts suffer a number of drawbacks that make hard even "simple" rewording to the modern version of the same language. The analyzed difficulties are: lack of systematic spelling, unusual word orders and typos in the original. A hypothesis is made and verified that even simple modernization increases legibility and it is feasible, also it is worthwhile to apply translation memories due to the numerous and even extremely long repeated terms. Therefore, methods and algorithms are presented 1. for automated transcription of medieval texts (when a limited training set is available), and 2. collection of repeated patterns. The efficiency of the algorithms is analyzed for recall and precision.

Abstract
Translation memories (TMs), as part of Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools, support translators reusing portions of formerly translated text. Fencing books are good candidates for using TMs due to the high number of repeated terms. Medieval texts suffer a number of drawbacks that make hard even "simple" rewording to the modern version of the same language. The analyzed difficulties are: lack of systematic spelling, unusual word orders and typos in the original. A hypothesis is made and verified that even simple modernization increases legibility and it is feasible, also it is worthwhile to apply translation memories due to the numerous and even extremely long repeated terms. Therefore, methods and algorithms are presented 1. for automated transcription of medieval texts (when a limited training set is available), and 2. collection of repeated patterns. The efficiency of the algorithms is analyzed for recall and precision.

Abstract
This study investigates the ways in which book titles are manipulated when translated from English into Arabic. One hundred English book titles from various genres whose Arabic translations are manipulated are meticulously studied and analysed against Viezzi's (2013) model of manipulating translated book titles. The findings show that although Viezzi's model fits literary works and movies better, it can be useful in analysing the translated titles of different books coming from various genres. Statistically, the findings reveal the following descending order of the most manipulated aspects of English-Arabic translated titles: being more/less explicit (35%), offering different keys to the interpretation of the text (20%), adding/removing genre information (15%), presenting different viewpoints (10%), seducing the target readers (8%), highlighting different characters' aspects (5%), adding/removing names of characters (3%), adding/removing allusions to other works (3%) and suggesting/removing moral lessons (1%). It is argued that no matter what aspects of translated titles are manipulated, the whole process is done to attract the potential readers in the target market and this involves multiple players, such as translators, editors and publishers.

"This book introduces readers to Indian philosophy by presenting the first integral English translation of Vaiśeṣikasūtra with the earliest extant commentary of Candrānanda on the old aphorisms of Vaiśeṣika school of Indian philosophy. The book offers a comprehensive description of the fundamental categories of ontology and metaphysics, among which the category of 'particularity' (viśeṣa) plays a major role in the 'problem of individuation' of 'substance' and 'nature' in both Indian and Western metaphysics. The book should be read primarily in relation to Aristotle's Categories and is structured in three parts. Part 1 contains a general introduction to Indian philosophy and the Vaiśeṣika system. Part 2 is a textual-philological discussion on the commentary itself, since its first publication in 1961 by Muni Jambūvijayaji up until the present day. Part 3 is a philosophical translation that reads Vaiśeṣika in the global context of Comparative Philosophy and makes the text accessible to all philosophy readers interested in ontology and metaphysics. A new reference work and a fundamental introduction to anyone interested in Indian and Comparative Philosophy, this book will be of interest to academics and students in the field of Classical Studies, Modern Philosophy and Asian Religions and Philosophies"--

Cover page -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Editor's Note -- Notes -- References -- 1 Imagining Translation and Translators -- The Evolution of the "Universal Translator": Technical Device and Human Factor in Doctor Who and Star Trek from the 1960s to the Present -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Understanding known and unknown languages in Doctor Who -- 3. The final technological frontier (Star Trek): The evolution of a "Universal Translator" from SF to language engineering -- 4. The importance of being a middleman -- 5. The advantage of hybrid and technophile mediators -- 6. Women building cultural bridges in deep space -- 7. Summary, or Boldly Go Where No Man Has Gone Before -- Glossary -- Note -- References -- 2 The Translator as Protagonist -- In Search of a Chinese Hamlet: Translation, Interpretation, and Personalities in Postwar Film-Cultural Exchange -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Translating foreign-language film in the early PRC -- 3. The voice of others/self: imagining, playing, and rendering a Chinese Hamlet -- 4. Conclusion: The significance of the cinematic reception of Hamlet in postwar China -- Glossary -- Notes -- References -- 3 Translators as Social (Double) Agents -- Mediating Violence: Three Film Portrayals of Interpreters' Dilemmas as Participants in Conflict -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Protecting compatriots by working for the enemy (Ip Man, 2008) -- 3. The "face" of torture (The Railway Man, 2013) -- 4. The risk of becoming a righteous interpreter (The Arrival of Wang, 2011) -- 5. Discussion -- 6. In conclusion -- Glossary -- Notes -- References -- 4 Translation and Translators in New Media -- Reactions to Audiovisual Adaptation on Social Media: The Case of How To Get Away With Murder -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The localization of How To Get Away With Murder in Italy

Commenting on the judicial scandal of the conviction of Mohammed Yousry, the official translator for the mastermind behind the first World Trade Center bombing, Emily Apter argues that translators occupy an increasingly dangerous position in the post-9/11 world. Through her analysis of the trial and the accompanying controversy on translation, she shows that translators are assumed to have divided loyalties and the ability to move incognito among language communities that touch but do not cohere. Hence, Yousry's case reveals how translators become scapegoats in the culture and language wars over migration and Islam in the aftermath of 9/11. In accordance with her recently published book The Translation Zone: A New Comparative Literature, she pleads for an "English Plus" movement that might thwart the drive to monolingualization, cultural isolationism, and political unilateralism, which characterize current policies of the United States.

The purpose of the article is to see whether the power of the literary work rules the reader's emotions and whether the extra-lexical elements of the text are participating in the transfer of emotions. The author is going to answer these questions based on two authored translations of Sergey Mikhalkov's poem into Polish. The understanding of the reception of the literary text as an aesthetic impression forces one to seek affective tensions, or elements which influence the emotional reactions of the reader. In reference to the conducted study it is essential to describe (and delineate) two concepts: the text's emotive power and the reader's emotional power. The literary work selected for analysis is not a typical one. Its structure was based on rhythm, which was used in an excellent way. Rhyme, on the other hand, appears only in the last two verses. The proposed translation uses a potential rhyme to add the emotional value in relation to the original text. Such a play with the reader is only possible when he/she understands the whole mechanism. A similar device used to increase the emotional value is maintaining the formal aspect of the original (octosyllable or heptasyllable verses), which sounds slightly artificial in Polish, given its permanent, paroxytone, accent. The analysis confirms that a translator is able to increase or reduce the emotional power of reception by modifying the text's emotive power.