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Agriculture continues to play a vital role in Indonesia's economic development. The sector contributes significantly to the country's gross domestic product, provides jobs for nearly 30% of the workforce, and has the essential function of providing food security. The report assesses the country's agricultural investments and policies, and evaluates the economy-wide impacts of alternative agricultural scenarios. The results show that Indonesia can virtually end hunger by 2030 with an appropriate mix of investments in agricultural research and development, irrigation expansion and water use efficiency, and rural infrastructure. The report makes key policy recommendations to support government efforts to mobilize these investments, which will also contribute to the country's economic growth. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2; CRP2 ; EPTD; DSGD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Assessing the world's progress against poverty calls for frequent and careful measurements, using household surveys and price data. Fortunately, the task of measuring poverty is becoming easier, and the results are probably getting more accurate over time. The best data for assessing progress against poverty come from surveys of the living standards of nationally representative samples of households. In the past 25 years there has been enormous progress in designing, implementing, and processing such surveys for developing countries, thanks in large part to the efforts of national statistics agencies throughout the world and the support of the donor community and international development agencies. These data provide key information about global and regional progress in alleviating poverty. ; Contents:; 1.The Changing Profile of Poverty in the World/Shaohua Chen and Martin Ravallion.; 2.Characteristics and Causes of Severe Poverty and Hunger/Akhter U. Ahmed, Ruth Vargas Hill, Lisa C. Smith, and Tim Frankenberger.; 3.The Poorest and Hungry: Looking Below the Line/Akhter U. Ahmed, Ruth Vargas Hill, and Doris M. Wiesmann.; 4.Mapping Where the Poor Live/Todd Benson, Michael Epprecht, and Nicholas Minot; 5.Child Malnutrition in India and China/Peter Svedberg.; 6.Poverty and the Globalization of the Food and Agriculture System/Joachim von Braun and Tewodaj Mengistu.; 7.Poverty Traps: Exploring the Complexity of Causation/Partha Dasgupta; 8.Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: Do Poor Countries Need to Worry about Inequality?/Martin Ravallion.; 9.Determinants of Pro-Poor Growth/Stephan Klasen.; 10.Global Macroeconomic Development: The Implications for Poverty/Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla; 11. Fiscal Policy Instruments and the Political Economy of Designing Programs to Reach the Poorest/Ehtisham Ahmad; 12. The Macroeconomic Foundations of Inclusive Middle-Class Growth/Nancy Birdsall; 13.Economic Reform to Stimulate Growth and Reduce Poverty: The Latin American Experience/Alberto Valdés and William Foster.; 14. Poverty, Inequality, and Welfare in a Rapid-Growth Economy: The Chilean Experience/Dante Contreras; 15.International Migration: Can It Improve Living Standards among Poor and Vulnerable Populations?/Alan de Brauw.; 16.Growth-promoting Social Safety Nets/Harold Alderman and John Hoddinott.; 17.Conditional Cash Transfer Programs: A "Magic Bullet" for Reducing Poverty?/Michelle Adato and John Hoddinott.; 18. How Effective are Food-for-Education Programs?/Sarah Adelman, Daniel O. Gilligan, and Kim Lehrer; 19. Health Care for the World's Poorest: Is Voluntary (Private) Health Insurance an Option?/Jacques van der Gaag; 20. Designing Insurance For The Poor/Stefan Dercon; 21.Social Security: What Can Developing Countries Learn from Developed Countries?/Jean-Jacques Dethier.; 22. Building Capacity to Increase Agricultural Productivity and Incomes of Poor Small-scale Farmers/Kwadwo Asenso-Okyere.; 23.Property Rights for Poverty Reduction/Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, and Helen Markelova.; 24.Developing and Connecting Markets for Poor Farmers/Nicholas Minot and Ruth Vargas Hill.; 25.Climate Change: Pro-Poor Adaptation, Risk Management, and Mitigation Strategies/Gary Yohe, Ian Burton, Saleemul Huq, and Mark W. Rosegrant.; 26.Strengthening Women's Assets and Status: Programs Improving Poor Women's Lives/John Ambler, Lauren Pandolfelli, Anna Kramer, and Ruth Meinzen-Dick; 27.Addressing Discrimination and Inequality Among Groups/Frances Stewart; 28.Including People with Disabilities in Actions to Reduce Poverty and Hunger/Charlotte McClain-Nhlapo; 29.Policies and Lessons for Reaching Indigenous Peoples in Development Programs/Lennart Bage; 30. Trade Liberalization and Children: Understanding and Coping with Children's Vulnerabilities/Javier Escobal; 31.Facing Up to Inequality and Exclusion to End Poverty and Hunger in Latin America/Marco Ferroni; 32. Economic Exclusion and Poverty in Asia: The Example of Castes in India/Sukhadeo Thorat; 33. Choosing Policy Instruments to Reduce Poverty and Hunger: Is It Possible to Overcome the Feasibility Dilemma?/Regina Birner; 34.Scaling Up: A Path to Effective Development/Arntraud Hartmann and Johannes F. Linn; 35. Improving Governance to Eradicate Hunger and Poverty/Regina Birner; 36.The Dynamics of Poverty: Why Don't "The Poor" Act Collectively?/Anirudh Krishna.; 37.Land Issues and Poverty Reduction: Requirements for Lasting Peace in Sudan and Afghanistan/Gunnar M. Sørbø and Arne Strand.; 38.Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Developing Capacity to Reduce Poverty and Hunger/Suresh Babu and Per Pinstrup-Andersen; 39.The Millennium Development Goals: How Realistic Are They?/Michiel Keyzer and Lia van Wesenbeeck.; 40.Investment Priorities for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction/Shenggen Fan, Joanna Brzeska, and Ghada Shields; 41.How to Mobilize Public Resources to Support Poverty Reduction/Shenggen Fan, Anuja Saurkar, and Ghada Shields ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; nobio; 2020 ; DSGD; EPTD; MTID; DGO; ISNAR

Global agriculture will face multiple challenges over the coming decades. It must produce more food to feed an increasingly affluent and growing world population that will demand a more diverse diet, contribute to overall development and poverty alleviation in many developing countries, confront increased competition for alternative uses of finite land and water resources, adapt to climate change, and contribute to preserving biodiversity and restoring fragile ecosystems. Climate change will bring higher average temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme events, multiplying the threats to sustainable food security. Addressing these challenges requires co-ordinated responses from the public and private sectors and civil society that will need to be adapted to the specific circumstances of different types of farmers in countries at all levels of development. The recommendations provided are broadly of two types: specific actions that can contribute in some way to improving productivity growth or sustainable resource use (whether building on existing initiatives or suggesting new activities) and more general proposals that may not be actionable as presented but that serve to highlight areas for priority attention. This report also invites G20 countries to engage in a medium, to long-term, analysis-based peer review of policies fostering sustainable productivity growth, which would identify specific constraints and opportunities, beginning with their own food and agriculture sectors. In addition to possible benefits to participating countries, a peer review process could contribute to the identification of best policies and best policy packages to achieve the widely held aim of sustainably improving productivity of the global food and agriculture system. While such an initiative is proposed to and for G20 countries, it could have much wider application to interested countries.