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The "drug scene" in the United States has evolved very dramatically in the period from prior to 1965 to the present. The sociology of drug use patterns was rather constant prior to 1965. In the mid 1960s "fashionable trends" in drug use took shape, starting with use of psychedelics for consciousness expansion. This led to poly-drug use, where the quality of the drugs taken deteriorated leading to present availability of "look alikes" which are manufactured to resemble original drug products but are counterfeit controlled substances. Several special current drug problems currently exist including freebasing cocaine, phencyclidine use and methaqualone use. The potential behavioral meanings of drug use are discussed, which may be multiple and multi-determined in nature. The interface of adolescent development issues and family dynamics are important to consider in regard to potential underlying reasons for adolescent drug abuse.

Intro -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Federal Domestic Illegal Drug Enforcement Efforts: Are They Working? -- Summary -- Introduction -- Background -- The Federal Role in Domestic Drug Enforcement -- Federal drug enforcement agencies -- State and local law enforcement role in illegal drug control -- Federal Domestic Drug Enforcement Activities -- Federal Domestic Drug Enforcement Data -- Types of available federal enforcement data -- Limitations of existing federal enforcement data -- Arrests for Federal Drug Offenses -- Federal Drug Offenders Charged, Convicted, and Sentenced -- Federal Domestic Drug Seizures -- Federal drug seizure data -- Eradication of domestic cannabis -- Clandestine laboratory seizures -- Money Laundering and Illegal Drug Financing -- Issues and Possible Options for Congress -- Are Federal Domestic Drug Enforcement Activities Working? -- Have federal drug enforcement efforts reduced drug use? -- Have interdiction efforts reduced illegal drug supplies? -- Has more stringent enforcement increased drug prices? -- Options for Assessing Federal Drug Enforcement Strategies -- Research and Enforcement Data Development -- Changing the Balance of the Federal Drug Control Budget -- Conclusion -- Appendix. Federal Drug Control Legislation -- Early Federal Drug Control Legislation (1914-1968) -- The Harrison Narcotics Act -- The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 -- The Boggs Act of 1951 -- Narcotics Control Act of 1956 -- Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965 -- The Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act of 1966 (NARA) -- The Staggers-Dodd Bill of 1968 -- Federal Drug Control Laws since 1970 -- The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 -- Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-4 73) -- Controlled Substance Analog Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-5 70) -- Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-570)

This important book was the first serious work of philosophy to address the question: Do adults have a moral right to use drugs for recreational purposes? Many critics of the 'war on drugs' denounce law enforcement as counterproductive and ineffective. Douglas Husak argues that the 'war on drugs' violates the moral rights of adults who want to use drugs for pleasure, and that criminal laws against such use are incompatible with moral rights. This is not a polemical tract but a scrupulously argued work of philosophy that takes full account of all available data concerning drug use in the United States today. The author is careful to describe the properties a recreational drug would have to possess before the state would be justified in prohibiting it. Since criminal laws against the use of recreational drugs are justified neither by the harm users cause to themselves nor by the harm users cause to each other, Professor Husak concludes that such laws are, in almost all cases, unjustified

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Series Introduction -- Chapter One: What Are Performance-Enhancing Drugs? -- Chapter Two: Steroids -- Chapter Three: HGH and Other Hormones -- Chapter Four: Sports Supplements -- Further Reading -- Educational Videos -- Series Glossary -- Index -- About the Author -- About the Advisor -- Photo Credits.

Interviews were conducted with 156 women drug sellers from two New York City neighborhoods with high concentrations of drug selling, neighborhoods that had active heroin markets in the 1970s and were sites for the growth of cocaine and crack markets a decade later. Structural equations models were estimated to test the relationships over two time periods between drug use and income generation activities including drug dealing, crime, legal work, and public transfers. Dependent variables included self-reports of income and expenses together with criminal career parameters. Results showed that the effects of prior drug expenses on subsequent crime, drug, and work incomes were nonsignificant. Overall, drug dealing appears to suppress future non-drug crime activity. Prior drug selling has a facilitating effect on later drug use and significant negative effects on subsequent crime income generation and legal work. Selling also helped women avoid the types of street hustling, including prostitution, and other crimes that characterized women's income strategies in earlier drug eras. Drug use careers are influenced less by earlier drug use patterns than by income growth from dealing that appears to increase opportunities to expand drug use.

Argues that the "war on drugs" bears much of the blame for drug-related crime, epidemic use of crack cocaine, and the spread of AIDS through dirty syringes; advocates needle exchange, addiction treatment, and decriminalization of marijuana; US.

Contemporary Dutch drug policy is a product of many long-term political, demographic and social changes that have taken place in the Netherlands since the nation's first drug law was enacted in 1919. Shifts in policy emphasis are described and explained in terms of three principles that serve as the cornerstones of the Dutch approach, these include the following: (1) a separation of the markets for hard and soft drugs; (2) normalization of the phenomenon, which means treating drug users as ordinary citizens entitled to government assistance, but also required to assume responsibility for their actions; and (3) harm reduction efforts directed at minimizing the damage done by drugs to users, communities and to the society as a whole. The changing policies regarding cannabis are utilized here as a case study to illustrate how these principles work in practice. Several contemporary issues are analyzed in terms of their influence on recent policy changes. These include drug-related nuisance, the participation of organized crime in drug markets and criticism from abroad regarding the impact of Dutch policies on other nations. The article concludes with a reconsideration of the effects of decriminalizing cannabis, contrasting the Dutch application of the expediency principle with its use in other nations.

Intro -- NATIONAL DRUG SHORTAGES TRENDS AND FDA RESPONSE -- NATIONAL DRUG SHORTAGES TRENDS AND FDA RESPONSE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 DRUG SHORTAGES: FDA'S ABILITY TO RESPOND SHOULD BE STRENGTHENED* -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- BACKGROUND -- Factors Affecting Drug Availability -- Potential Effects of Drug Shortages -- FDA Oversight of Drugs -- FDA Oversight of Drug Shortages -- Federal Strategic and Workforce Planning -- THE NUMBER OF DRUG SHORTAGES HAS GROWN SUBSTANTIALLY SINCE 2006, AND MANY INVOLVED GENERIC INJECTABLE DRUGS -- The Number of Drug Shortages Has Grown Substantially Since 2006 -- Generic Injectable Drugs Comprised over Half of Critical Shortages Since 2009 -- DRUG SHORTAGES WE REVIEWED WERE GENERALLY CAUSED BY MANUFACTURING PROBLEMS AND EXACERBATED BY MULTIPLE DIFFICULTIES -- Manufacturing Problems Reportedly Caused Most of the 15 Shortages of Sterile Injectable Drugs -- Over Half of the 15 Shortages Were Subsequently Exacerbated by Multiple Difficulties -- ACTIONS TAKEN BY FDA TO RESPOND TO DRUG SHORTAGES ARE INTENDED TO RESOLVE SHORTAGES' UNDERLYING CAUSES AND ENHANCE PRODUCT AVAILABILITY -- FDA's Goal Is to Resolve the Underlying Causes of Shortages -- FDA Responded to Selected Shortages with a Variety of Actions -- FDA Has Increasingly Prevented Potential Drug Shortages from Occurring -- FDA Communicates Information about Shortages to the Public via Its Website -- FDA IS CONSTRAINED IN ITS ABILITY TO PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH FROM DRUG SHORTAGES -- FDA Lacks Authority to Require Manufacturers to Report Potential and Actual Shortages -- Management Challenges Further Constrain FDA's Ability to Respond to Drug Shortages -- CONCLUSION -- MATTER FOR CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION