Suchergebnisse

A brief history of U.S. foreign policy -- The American founders, the state, and war -- The anti-imperial empire -- Imperialists triumphant? -- The world wars and their lessons -- The permanent warfare state -- Post-9/11 : terrorizing ourselves -- The elements of modern libertarian foreign policy -- The case for skepticism -- The problem with American primacy -- Free riders, reckless drivers, and perilous partners -- Forcing freedom -- The global economy -- New rules -- Promised land.

This article examines the emergence and transformation of Norway's peace engagement in the context of changing international relations. Focusing on foreign policy discourses and practices, the article portrays peace engagement as a value-based effort to support resolution of distant intrastate conflicts, and a strategy to promote Norway's interests and influence in international relations. The article also argues that changing international politics after the turn of the century has challenged and reoriented Norway's peace engagement in a more realist direction. Foreign policy discourses and practices are increasingly based on a broad notion of interests that also include ideals of peace, democracy and development. This means that peace engagement can support a domestic political consensus on foreign policy, and simultaneously promote Norway's standing, relevance and influence in international relations. Peace engagement has thus been institutionalized as a foreign policy that promotes peace while also addressing the challenges associated with smallness in international relations.

The rise of the peace movements in the West can be interpreted as a sign of weakness on the part of ex isting party systems, and in particular the Social Democratic parties. But the parties still control the policy-making process, and if they want to make an impact on official policy, the peace movements will therefore have to work, directly or indirectly, through the party system and especially through the Social Democratic parties. The question is whether the peace movements are optimally structured for influen cing the policy process. The present article discusses these paradoxes through an analysis of the political impact of the Danish peace movement. First a short sketch is presented of the century-old relationship between the movement and the Danish policy-making establishment. Next, a structural analysis of the 'new' peace movement discusses its strengths and weaknesses as well as its chosen strategies for in fluence. Finally, a case study is presented of the political impact of the peace movement on the policies of the Social Democratic party since 1980.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created from the express consent of states and established upon a multilateral international treaty between those states in order to perform the functions of promoting international peace and security, aid in the development of international relations, promote human rights, and aid in "harmonizing actions" between nations. The most ardent of these functions falls to the UN Security Council due to its responsibility for maintaining peace and security. UN peacekeeping missions were originally an alternative to collective security but they have evolved into Peace Support Operations (PSO) and are deployed with a strategy and mission in mind that will coordinate the multitude of organizations joining in to support the society undergoing a complex emergency. Evaluations of PSOs is imperative in order to effectively provide policy makers with the knowledge necessary to improve strategy and resource allocation for future PSOs.

Explains how the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO), put in place in 1982 to implement the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, might serve as a model for security requirements under an eventual Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement. The MFO's development, operations, and costs are described, and its value as a United States foreign policy tool explained.