Suchergebnisse

The book explores, for India and other developing countries, the potential role the organized manufacturing sector could play as an engine of growth. Alongside growth, can this sector generate adequate employment opportunities to facilitate the transfer of labour from the agriculture sector? The book identifies the major constraints that result in limited demand for labour in the organised manufacturing sector. Beyond technological aspects, skill shortage is an important factor, resulting in sluggish labour absorption. Further, the labour market laws are not necessarily the root cause of sluggish employment growth in the organised manufacturing sector. The development of technologies that are appropriate for labour surplus countries like India is instrumental to employment creation. Though innovation is generally assumed to be capital-intensive in nature, the book argues that innovation nevertheless has a positive effect on employment in absolute terms. Lastly, the main policy issues are highlighted in terms of the priority that should be assigned to industries which can contribute to employment growth and skill formation for improving the employability of the available labour force, and to which innovations should be pursued, with a specific focus on pro-poor growth objectives

"Dieser Beitrag entwickelt einen analytischen Bezugsrahmen zur Analyse der Unternehmung in Bezug auf das Labour Management. Dabei wird auf Literatur verschiedener Fachrichtungen, u.a. der Institutionenökonomie, der Unternehmensgeschichte und der Industrial Relations-Foschung zurückgegriffen. Der Bezugsrahmen legt einen Schwerpunkt auf die Rolle der Märkte der Unternehmung in Form von Produkt-, Arbeits-, und Finanzmärkten, die als unabhängige Variablen konzipiert werden. Die Organisation der Unternehmung, hier verstanden als Entscheidungen über die Technologie, die Entwicklung der Unternehmensstruktur und der Führungshierarchien wird als wichtige intervenierende Variable verstanden. Die abhängige Variable wird als ein Bündel von Entscheidungen und Praktiken in Bezug auf Arbeit in drei Bereichen konzipiert: den Bereich der Arbeitsorganisation, der betrieblichen Beschäftigungspolitik und der kollektiven Interessenpolitik. Innerhalb dieser Bereiche werden Entscheidungen danach unterschieden, ob Strategien unternehmensintern angelegt sind, ob sie auf externe Märkte zielen, oder ob sie zwischen Markt und Unternehmung angesiedelt sind. Der Bezugsrahmen wird dann auf die langfristige Entwicklung des Labour Management in den USA, Großbritannien, Deutschland, Frankreich und Japan angewendet." (Autorenreferat)

The main challenges facing European use of space are institutional, military, financial & industrial. How to confront them was a question to which Pascale Sourisse suggested answers when speaking on duality & competitiveness at a CHEA (Centre for Higher Armaments Studies) conference on 22 March this year. Since that date the European Commission has authorised the transfer to Thales of Alcatel-Lucent's shares in Alcatel Alenia Space, which becomes Thales Alenia Space; the author is CEO of the company. Adapted from the source document.

SINCE THE EARLY 1980S WORLD GROWTH, WHEN COMPARED WITH THAT OF THE THREE PREVIOUS DECADES, HAS BEEN ON AVERAGE EXTREMELY SLUGGISH. THE PREPONDERANCE OF THE OECD COUNTRIES IN WORLD ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IS AMPLE REASON TO CONSIDER WHAT MAY BE THEIR SHARE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR THIS STASTE OF AFFAIRS. DESIGNED TO DEAL WITH THE FLUCTUATIONS OF THE CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUTION, THE MACROECONOMIC POLICIES OF THE INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES STRONGLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN WORLD GROWTH, AND CONSEQUENTLY THEIR MAIN FEATURES AND THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS WARRANT ANALYSIS.

How did Japanese companies, technology-supporting organizations, and governments reformulate organizational strategies, industrial structures, and institutions to revive Japanese high-tech industries in the 1990s? This book takes a comprehensive look at this question by integrating the fields of institutional economics and corporate strategy

With an impressive array of international contributors from the UK, USA, Sweden and Peru, this book includes chapters on the following: The nature of the multinational enterprise; The theory of the firm; The location of economic activity; Industrial organization; Technology and technological change; the theory of international trade; Monetary policy; The theory of development policy; Wage determination and collective bargaining; Income distribution and welfare considerations and size of firm and size of nation

With an impressive array of international contributors from the UK, USA, Sweden and Peru, this book includes chapters on the following: The nature of the multinational enterprise; The theory of the firm; The location of economic activity; Industrial organization; Technology and technological change; the theory of international trade; Monetary policy; The theory of development policy; Wage determination and collective bargaining; Income distribution and welfare considerations and size of firm and size of nation.

The Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm was the core framework of industrial organization for two decades, and had a significant impact on competition policy from the 1950s through the 1970s. This essay considers what made the SCP framework so influential in the United States, the shortcomings economists identified in the framework during the shift to the "new IO" in the late 1970s, and the lasting contributions that the SCP paradigm made on policy and the study of industry and competition.

The author eexamines the policy initiated by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and aimed at the development of innovation. This policy is reflected by the support of high-tech industries, by the creation of scientific-industrial clusters, by the development of regional innovation networks, by upgrading of higher education and scientific research. Altogether it is to raise the France's competitive force and to turn it into one of the leading powers of the world.

An ideal patent system balances the returns to inventors and the dissemination of new technologies. This article examines legal policy instruments ‐ encompassing duration, scope and strength of patent protection, as well as invention disclosure and novelty requirements ‐ and R&D subsidies that help sustain growth in GDP. The paper studies the issues associated with designing an effective patent system, surveys the industrial property literature and delineates the focal points of debate among researchers and policy‐makers.

This book is purposefully styled as an introductory textbook on circular economy (CE) for the benefit of educators and students of universities. It provides comprehensive knowledge exemplified by practices from policy, education, R&D, innovation, design, production, waste management, business and financing around the world. The book covers sectors such as agriculture/food, packaging materials, build environment, textile, energy, and mobility to inspire the growth of circular business transformation. It aims to stimulate action among different stakeholders to drive CE transformation. It elaborates critical driving forces of CE including digital technologies; restorative innovations; business opportunities & sustainable business model; financing instruments, regulation & assessment and experiential education programs. It connects a CE transformation for reaching the SDGs2030 and highlights youth leadership and entrepreneurship at all levels in driving the sustainability transformation.