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International aid to the Palestinian Authority is conditioned in part on democratization and good governance. However, since Hamas's victory in the 2006 Palestinian Legislative Council elections and its takeover of the Gaza Strip, aid agencies have supported the international boycott of the Hamas government. This article argues that aid agencies, by operating in Gaza while boycotting its government, subvert their mandates and serve the political interests of donors and the PA rather than the humanitarian and development needs of Gazans. As a consequence, assistance has, inadvertently and unintentionally, increased Gazans' dependence on humanitarian aid, impeded economic development, and enabled Israel to maintain its occupation and the blockade of Gaza.

In 2011, Tunisia achieved a successful democratic transition, albeit not yet a consolidation of democracy. It did so while adhering to a relationship between religion and politics that follows the pattern of what I have called the "twin tolerations." The first toleration is that of religious citizens toward the state. It requires that they accord democratically elected officials the freedom to legislate and govern without having to confront denials of their authority based on religious claims—such as the claim that "Only God, not man, can make laws." The second toleration requires that laws and officials must permit religious citizens, as a matter of right, to freely express their views and values within civil society, and to freely take part in politics, as long as religious activists and organizations respect other citizens' constitutional rights and the law.

The Arab Spring uprising of 2011 has brought the "Turkish model" back into favor, since it is presented as a reassuring approach in a region subject to extremism. This model combines respect for Islam with political stability and economic success, while also adding civil rights for all citizens, a politically neutral army and measures favorable to middle-class entrepreneurs. In other words, a regime that makes Islam compatible with growth and democracy. Since coming to power, the Turkish Justice & Development Party (AKP) has in effect enhanced the country's visibility in the region and even worldwide, thanks to proactive diplomacy and growth in the economy and trade that is remarkable in many ways. But the reality of the administration in Ankara in fact harbors some more shadowy areas, especially in terms of human rights. Furthermore, the country's economic success could be short term if the recession eventually knocks on Turkey's door. Adapted from the source document.

Este artículo analiza la evolución de los sistemas educativos en Argentina y Chile desde la década de 1990 hasta la actualidad. Se realiza una descripción del contexto socioeconómico, histórico y educativo de ambos países y se comparan indicadores del funcionamiento de los sistemas educativos. Finalmente, se identifican convergencias y divergencias de las últimas leyes educativas implantadas para la reforma de los sistemas y se sugieren posibles cursos y consecuencias de las acciones propuestas por estas leyes.This article discusses the evolution of the education systems in Argentina and Chile since the 90s. It describes the historical context in the two countries and compares their education performance indicators. Finally, the article identifies convergences and divergences of the recent education legislation implemented in both countries and discusses their potential impact.