Suchergebnisse

With an impressive array of international contributors from the UK, USA, Sweden and Peru, this book includes chapters on the following: The nature of the multinational enterprise; The theory of the firm; The location of economic activity; Industrial organization; Technology and technological change; the theory of international trade; Monetary policy; The theory of development policy; Wage determination and collective bargaining; Income distribution and welfare considerations and size of firm and size of nation.

The Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm was the core framework of industrial organization for two decades, and had a significant impact on competition policy from the 1950s through the 1970s. This essay considers what made the SCP framework so influential in the United States, the shortcomings economists identified in the framework during the shift to the "new IO" in the late 1970s, and the lasting contributions that the SCP paradigm made on policy and the study of industry and competition.

The author eexamines the policy initiated by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and aimed at the development of innovation. This policy is reflected by the support of high-tech industries, by the creation of scientific-industrial clusters, by the development of regional innovation networks, by upgrading of higher education and scientific research. Altogether it is to raise the France's competitive force and to turn it into one of the leading powers of the world.

An ideal patent system balances the returns to inventors and the dissemination of new technologies. This article examines legal policy instruments ‐ encompassing duration, scope and strength of patent protection, as well as invention disclosure and novelty requirements ‐ and R&D subsidies that help sustain growth in GDP. The paper studies the issues associated with designing an effective patent system, surveys the industrial property literature and delineates the focal points of debate among researchers and policy‐makers.

Introduction: dual transformation of the Chinese economy -- Significance of defining land ownership -- Coordinated development of state and private enterprises -- Changes in the mode of economic development -- Macroeconomic regulation and control -- Reform of the income distribution system -- Urbanization -- Independent innovation and industrial upgrading -- Social capital and corporate social responsibility -- Provisional summary: the China path and new progress in development economy

With a second recession looming, Britain is facing a moment of truth. This book examines how the leader of the industrial revolution came to exhibit the features of a 'developing country'; chronic debt, volatile growth and vulnerability to external events. Going South explains how this has happened, arguing that the time for quick fixes is over.

Mainstream European left-wing parties have seen their traditional class base evolve in postindustrial economies. In response, these parties have adjusted their platforms to adopt policies that aim to secure positions for workers in a more volatile labor market through education and training. But how does the electoral appeal of this "social investment" paradigm compare to that of the older welfare paradigm that passively distributes benefits to the poor and inactive? Using cross-country data from two surveys, I find that the policy preferences of industrial workers respond differently to labor market precarity than do those of service sector workers, particularly sociocultural professionals. Further, industrial workers who prefer traditional welfare policies are less likely to vote for the center-left than professionals, even if those professionals hold similar policy priorities. These results help explain the center-left's recent electoral trends while also highlighting current limitations on building cross-class political coalitions in postindustrial economies.

The end of World War II led to several changes to the global world order, including japan. The often inferior eastern country motivated Japan to make some progress for its country in World War II, but its defeat led to its misfortune as well as its fortune as a superpower in the field of industrial technology. The economy is the most targeted by the Japanese state in building the progress of the country, especially in the field of science and industrial technology. Post-World War II Japan also experienced changes in Japan's post-World War II Foreign Policy, stemming from several doctrines produced by its Prime Minister, such as the Yoshida Doctrine which focused on economic development, then there was the Fukuda Doctrine which focused on Japanese foreign policy to Southeast Asia. Japan's progress in competing with other western countries, is also supported by the principle of group work and the delivery of a number of academics who are ready to serve their country.

Determination of significant sector specific macroeconomic factors under the board manufacturing industry is an important task. In Indian context, using the monthly data on five major manufacturing sector specific indices (such as BSE-Basic Materials, BSE-Consumer Discretionary Goods and Services, BSE-Fast Moving Consumer Goods, BSE-Health Care and BSE-Industrials) and the macroeconomic variables (gold price, index of industrial production, wholesale price index, money supply, foreign portfolio investment ratio (FPIR), rate of interest, real effective exchange rate and crude oil price and economic policy uncertainty) for the period September, 2005 to November, 2016, the present study attempted to explore the significant sector specific macroeconomic variables in long run as well as short run. The empirical results obtained by applying the ARDL-UECM model suggested that economic policy uncertainty, FPIR and price factor were observed to be the most important determinants of all the five sectoral stock indices for the study period.

Increases in tariffs and uncertainty about both future tariff impositions and their potential implications for production activity have continued to have negative effects on global trade and industrial production.Several central banks, facing below target inflation, have loosened monetary policy to mitigate the effects of slower economic growth and a deterioration in the prospects for trade. While we expect that further monetary loosening will occur, fiscal policy could be more effective in boosting demand.Trends in global industrial production and trade show activity stalling since late last year. Although there are also some weaker signs in the service sector, so far activity there has remained relatively robust.In the light of recent data, we have lowered our forecast for global GDP growth this year from 3¼ per cent to 3 per cent, the slowest annual growth for a decade. We expect a similar pace in 2020, with a slight pick-up in 2021 to 3¼ per cent.

This book is purposefully styled as an introductory textbook on circular economy (CE) for the benefit of educators and students of universities. It provides comprehensive knowledge exemplified by practices from policy, education, R&D, innovation, design, production, waste management, business and financing around the world. The book covers sectors such as agriculture/food, packaging materials, build environment, textile, energy, and mobility to inspire the growth of circular business transformation. It aims to stimulate action among different stakeholders to drive CE transformation. It elaborates critical driving forces of CE including digital technologies; restorative innovations; business opportunities & sustainable business model; financing instruments, regulation & assessment and experiential education programs. It connects a CE transformation for reaching the SDGs2030 and highlights youth leadership and entrepreneurship at all levels in driving the sustainability transformation.

The book explores, for India and other developing countries, the potential role the organized manufacturing sector could play as an engine of growth. Alongside growth, can this sector generate adequate employment opportunities to facilitate the transfer of labour from the agriculture sector? The book identifies the major constraints that result in limited demand for labour in the organised manufacturing sector. Beyond technological aspects, skill shortage is an important factor, resulting in sluggish labour absorption. Further, the labour market laws are not necessarily the root cause of sluggish employment growth in the organised manufacturing sector. The development of technologies that are appropriate for labour surplus countries like India is instrumental to employment creation. Though innovation is generally assumed to be capital-intensive in nature, the book argues that innovation nevertheless has a positive effect on employment in absolute terms. Lastly, the main policy issues are highlighted in terms of the priority that should be assigned to industries which can contribute to employment growth and skill formation for improving the employability of the available labour force, and to which innovations should be pursued, with a specific focus on pro-poor growth objectives

International audience ; This paper examines the major barriers to the deployment of geothermal, small hydro and advanced coal power generation technologies in Vietnam. It ranks their severity by applying the analytical hierarchy process to data from a survey of 37 domestic experts and stakeholders. Key barriers to a wider penetration of small hydro generation technologies are insufficient capital, a lack of domestic suppliers and unsatisfactory government policies. Barriers to geothermal power are related to information and awareness problems, a lack of R&D and industrial capability, a weak policy framework and the remoteness of geothermal sites. For advanced coal power technologies, the barriers are weak industrial capability, high cost and a lack of technical knowledge. The experts consulted in this study view changes in government actions as the key to overcoming the abovementioned barriers. They recommend investing more in R&D activities, improving R&D capacity through joint-venture schemes and reforming investment policy/legislation for the electric power industry as the most appropriate solutions.

International audience ; This paper examines the major barriers to the deployment of geothermal, small hydro and advanced coal power generation technologies in Vietnam. It ranks their severity by applying the analytical hierarchy process to data from a survey of 37 domestic experts and stakeholders. Key barriers to a wider penetration of small hydro generation technologies are insufficient capital, a lack of domestic suppliers and unsatisfactory government policies. Barriers to geothermal power are related to information and awareness problems, a lack of R&D and industrial capability, a weak policy framework and the remoteness of geothermal sites. For advanced coal power technologies, the barriers are weak industrial capability, high cost and a lack of technical knowledge. The experts consulted in this study view changes in government actions as the key to overcoming the abovementioned barriers. They recommend investing more in R&D activities, improving R&D capacity through joint-venture schemes and reforming investment policy/legislation for the electric power industry as the most appropriate solutions.