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Objective. Although there have been several studies of the growth in environmental group membership, analyzing the link between environmentalism, value change, and social location, few studies have attempted to explain potential environmental commitment or specific types of environmental beliefs as motivations for participation in such groups. Methods. We use multivariate methods on three pooled surveys conducted in Australia between 1990 and 1996 to explore the sources of commitment. Results. We distinguish between committed and ordinary members of environmental groups. Committed members have stronger postmaterialist and secular values than ordinary members and are more likely to come from professional occupations. Perhaps most significant, committed members are motivated by a strong sense of the urgency of "green" (i.e., global) as opposed to "brown" (i.e., local) environmental concerns. Conclusions. The results point to a shift in the bases of environmental commitment, away from social location and to "green" environmental issues. Although issue; are in principle an insecure basis for political mobilization, the inability of national governments to solve global environmental problems suggests that "green" rather than "brown" environmental concerns will provide a continuing basis from which environmental groups can recruit and mobilize.

Objective. Although there have been several studies of the growth in environmental group membership, analyzing the link between environmentalism, value change, and social location, few studies have attempted to explain potential environmental commitment or specific types of environmental beliefs as motivations for participation in such groups. Methods. We use multivariate methods on three pooled surveys conducted in Australia between 1990 and 1996 to explore the sources of commitment. Results. We distinguish between committed and ordinary members of environmental groups. Committed members have stronger postmaterialist and secular values than ordinary members and are more likely to come from professional occupations. Perhaps most significant, committed members are motivated by a strong sense of the urgency of "green" (i.e., global) as opposed to "brown" (i.e., local) environmental concerns. Conclusions. The results point to a shift in the bases of environmental commitment, away from social location and to "green" environmental issues. Although issue; are in principle an insecure basis for political mobilization, the inability of national governments to solve global environmental problems suggests that "green" rather than "brown" environmental concerns will provide a continuing basis from which environmental groups can recruit and mobilize.

We defend a methodology of discounting, for the evaluation of the long-term effects of climate policies, which relies on a social welfare objective, against the view that the market rate of return should be used for that purpose. We also show that in the long run, the discount rate for such policies should focus on the worst-case scenario for the most disadvantaged populations. As a consequence, it is likely that the appropriate discount rate for climate policies should be negative, implying a high priority for the future. ; Nous défendons une méthodologie de l'actualisation, pour l'évaluation des effets à long terme des politiques climatiques, qui repose sur un objectif de bien-être social, contre l'idée que le taux de rendement du marché doit être utilisé à cette fin. Nous montrons aussi que dans le long terme, le taux d'actualisation pour de telles politiques devrait se concentrer sur le scénario le plus défavorable pour les populations les plus défavorisées. En conséquence, il est probable que le taux d'actualisation approprié pour les politiques climatiques doive être négatif, ce qui implique une grande priorité pour le futur.

Agriculture plays a prominent role in the economy of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and has considerable production potential. One of the most populous and poorest provinces in DRC is South Kivu, where many people live below the poverty line. This paper aimed to understand agricultural development's role in reducing poverty and maintaining rural households' food security in the DRC. This study developed a questionnaire to evaluate the household identity, source of income, access to land, crops grown on the land, farming and animal husbandry practices, and constraints faced by households in relation to agriculture. The survey included meetings with farm heads, data collection from 120 households on household characteristics of their livelihoods (human capital, land capital, social capital, financial, etc.), as well as an overview of living conditions and income from agricultural activities. The data were processed and analyzed using R 3.6.2 and Excel software. The results showed that access to land is problematic with relatively small farms, especially when one considers that household size is high and therefore, the "area per farm" ratio is low. Moreover, agriculture generates very little income and it is therefore very difficult for a farmer to emerge from poverty. As a result, implementing an effective and equitable anti-poverty policy in rural areas is important to address the issue of farming household incomes and target low incomes from all sources of income.

This chapter introduces the overarching questions of our edited book on the politics of population change worldwide, Global Political Demography (Goerres and Vanhuysse 2021). How do the political economy and political sociology traits of some population groups relative to others - notably in terms of numerical size and political capacity - affect public policies, political actions and political order via the intermediary of political and institutional processes? How does this then produce various feedback effects? What can macro-demographic profiles tell us about the political problems a country or a macro-region faced in 1990, faces today, and will be facing by 2040? We analyse key indicators from the new Global Political Demography Database that accompanies this book and summarize main findings from this first attempt to study the interplay between population change and politics globally. We put forward three propositions: (1) Even though political demography remains an unjustly neglected approach, the political consequences and the political embeddedness of population change lie at the heart of the social sciences at large. (2) Population change creates both short-term (migration; frustration) and longer-term challenges (population ageing; fiscal sustainability), all of which require political and policy solutions. (3) Political reactions to population changes follow context-specific paths as their level of salience is socially and politically constructed. Demography is not destiny: politics is key to how population change affects societies.

Large-scale migration from rural to urban areas, and between countries, affects sustainable development at local, national, and regional levels. To strengthen urban and rural resilience to global challenges, Sustainable Development Goals Connectivity Dilemma: Land and Geospatial Information for Urban and Rural Resilience, brings together leading international geospatial experts to analyze the role of land and geospatial data infrastructures and services for achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda have been longstanding aspirations worldwide, the complexity and connectivity between social, economic, environmental, and governance challenges are changing with large-scale urbanization and population growth. Structured in 5 parts, the themes and objectives of the book are in line with the critical challenges, gaps, and opportunities raised at all UN-GGIM events and UN-GGIM Academic Network forums. Through the different perspectives of scholars, industry actors, and policy-makers, this book provides interdisciplinary analysis and multisectoral expertise on the interconnection between the SDGs, geospatial information, and urban and rural resilience. Sustainable Development Goals Connectivity Dilemma: Land and Geospatial Information for Urban and Rural Resilience is an essential reference for researchers, industry professionals, and postgraduate students in fields such as geomatics, land administration, urban planning, GIS, and sustainable development. It will also prove a vital resource for environmental protection specialists, government practitioners, UN-GGIM delegates, and geospatial and land administration agencies.

Environmental change has focused the attention of scientists, policy makers and the wider public on the uncertainty inherent in interactions between people and the environment. Governance in fisheries is required to involve stakeholder participation and to be more inclusive in its remit, which is no longer limited to ensuring a maximum sustainable yield from a single stock but considers species and habitat interactions, as well as social and economic issues. The increase in scope, complexity and awareness of uncertainty in fisheries management has brought methodological and institutional changes throughout the world. Progress towards comprehensive, explicit and participatory risk management in fisheries depends on effective communication. Graphic design and data visualisation have been underused in fisheries for communicating science to a wider range of stakeholders. In this paper, some of the general aspects of designing visualisations of modelling results are discussed and illustrated with examples from the EU funded MYFISH project. These infographics were tested in stakeholder workshops, and improved through feedback from that process. It is desirable to convey not just modelling results but a sense of how reliable various models are. A survey was developed to judge reliability of different components of fisheries modelling: the quality of data, the quality of knowledge, model validation efforts, and robustness to key uncertainties. The results of these surveys were visualized for ten different models, and presented alongside the main case study. ; Versión del editor ; 1,865

Includes discussion of expulsion and asylum procedures.

"This book examines and compares the political situations in North Korea and Iran, and the contemporary security challenges posed by their illicit nuclear aspirations. While government officials, including a series of American presidents, strategic policy documents and outside analysts have repeatedly noted that North Korea and Iran occupy a similar challenge, the commonality has largely been left unexplored. This book argues that North Korea and Iran are uniquely common in the world today in their illicit nuclear aspirations in violation of their legal commitments made under the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The work evaluates alternative arguments, some of which sustain that the two states should be grouped together based on other metrics, such as nuclear powers that sponsor terrorist organizations or nuclear states that violate human rights, and find alternative explanations do not hold up to empirical scrutiny. Drawing on newly declassified documents and Iranian and North Korean sources, the book provides a comprehensive and comparative assessment of the two states' social, historical, economic, and domestic political structures and situation to make these determinations. Furthermore, it reviews the nuclear issue stemming from Iran and North Korea and the efforts to constrain these programs. The book concludes with specific policy recommendations that apply diplomatic lessons learned from dealing with Iran to North Korea and vice versa. This book will be of interest to students of nuclear proliferation, international security, foreign policy and International Relations."--Provided by publisher.

In this article, we offer the first systematic study of the attitudes of Croatian MPs about various aspects of Europeanness. Following the overwhelming elite consensus in 2012, when Croatia was about to join, MPs are still relatively satisfied with the EU in 2014. We argue beneficiary member mindset prevails among Croatian MPs suppressing any greater degree of Euroscepticism. However, 'soft Euroscepticism' is present, especially among right wing HDZ. Our analysis rests on 70 interviews with MPs and is a part of ENEC (2014) project. Croatian MPs take visible consideration of symbolic and strategic aspects when thinking about the EU. They have solid confidence in the EU institutions, report satisfaction with EU returns, favor further policy Europeanization and strongly identify as European elite. Negative feedback about the EU relates to poor representation of Croatia's interests. Our analysis reveals that by ceding some sovereignty MPs hope to compensate for redistribution of benefits by further policy Europeanization and better channels of interest representation. EU budget receivers seem to be better off in the EU rather than outside.

In these early days of December 2020, most Vietnamese must wear a face mask. The cause is not only the fear of COVID-19 (coronavirus), but also of polluted air which, in the country's major cities, is four times more polluted than the safety level recommended by international agencies. Regrettably, even if the government has done a superb job containing the biggest and most recent pandemic, Vietnam is vulnerable to many health and environmental disasters. Beyond air pollution, which is killing an estimated 60,000 people every year, the country is exposed to coastal erosion, drought, and saline intrusion and landslide. The recent series of tropical storms in the central region, with over 240 casualties and a quarter million damaged or destroyed homes, has been another painful reminder of this fragility. This edition of the Taking Stock, after describing the recent trends in the Vietnamese economy, asks why Vietnam has not been as effective in dealing with environmental and climate challenges as with the COVID-19 crisis, which are arguably different but have also many similarities. The successful experience in implementing the right measures at the right time during the COVID-19 crisis deserves more attention as it can inspire policymakers in their commitment to address the environmental and climate challenges. First, the successful management of the pandemic has demonstrated (again) that it is better to be ready and to act early and boldly. Second, beyond vision and capacity, the ability to inspire experimentation and innovation is an effective way to change individual and collective behaviors, which is fundamental in the effort to cope with health and climate threats. By all standards, Vietnam has managed the COVID 19 crisis very well. The number of infections and deaths has been minimal, with few community infections since mid-September. Despite strict social distancing measures and an unprecedented global recession, Vietnam's economy is expected to grow at 2.8 percent in 2020. Although this performance is about 4.2 percentage points lower than the country's recent performance, Vietnam will remain in positive growth territory, while the world economy is expected to contract by at least 4 percent. In East Asia, only two other countries—China and Myanmar—are expected to report positive GDP growth this year. Vietnam's economic resilience is explained by the behavior of both its domestic economy and its externalsector. After three weeks of national lockdown in April, most industrial and service activities rebounded as domestic consumers and investors regained confidence. Not only has the private sector reacted positively to the gradual easing of social distancing and mobility measures, but the government has changed the course of its fiscal policy to support the recovery. After three years of fiscal consolidation, the authorities acted decisively and accelerated the disbursement of the public investment program, which increased by about 40 percent between January and September compared to the same period a year ago. Concurrently, like most central banks, the accommodative monetary policy and temporary financial relief measures of the State Bank of Vietnam provides breathing space to affected businesses and people.

The first comprehensive history of the consumption and control of cannabis in the UK. Based on extensive archival research and interviews with key figures, it shows that both the market for the drug and government approaches to it have been intimately shaped by the wider currents of social and political transition in the UK.

На современном этапе российской науки наблюдается переосмысление политического знания, что создает возможность для современной интерпретации античной философско-политической мысли, для которой политика отождествлялась с игрой и основывалась на ценностях красоты и гармонии. синтезирующий характер взаимодействия философско-эстетического и политического начала в древнегреческой философии объясняет содержательную интерпретацию категории «политика» имеющую не только политическую, но и эстетико-метафизическую сущность. стремясь познать природу, место и роль политики в общественной жизни, античные мыслители акцентировали внимание на ее обусловленности космическим порядком бытия. В этом контексте политика зависит не столько от человека как субъекта политического процесса, сколько от объективных законов космоса, отождествляющихся с судьбой как высшей силой бытия. судьба, выстраивая ход и правила политики как игры, интерпретировалась как объективный космический процесс, находящий отражение в реальной социально-политической практике. игра, представляя собой древнейший вид эстетической деятельности, направленный на получение удовольствия и радости, выступает метафизической формой политики как высшего искусства и определяет бытие человека в полисе. В античной философской традиции категория «политика» тесно коррелирует с категорией «игра» и понимается в смысле целостного художественно-эстетического акта. Восприятие политической действительности как процесса игры, указывает на ее эстетические основания, где красота выступает высшей ценностью, являясь принципом устройства полиса и причиной гармонии всего социального бытия. ; At the present stage of Russian science there is a rethinking of political knowledge, which creates an opportunity for a modern interpretation of the ancient philosophical and political thought, for which policy is identified with the play and was based on the values of beauty and harmony. Synthesizing character of the interaction of philosophical and aesthetic and political beginnings in ancient Greek philosophy explains a meaningful interpretation of the category of «politics» having not only political, but also aesthetic and metaphysical essence. In an effort to understand the nature of the place and the role of politics in public life, the ancient thinkers focused on the conditionality of its cosmic order of life. In this context, the policy depends not only on the person as a subject of the political process, but on the objective laws of space identified with fate as the supreme power of being. Fate, building course and policy rules as the game has been interpreted as an objective cosmic process which are reflected in real social and political practice. Game, representing an ancient form of aesthetic activity aimed at getting pleasure and joy appears metaphysical form of politics as the highest art and defines human existence in the policy. In ancient philosophical tradition of the category of « politics» is closely correlated with the category of «game» and understood in a holistic sense of artistic and aesthetic act. The perception of political reality as a process of the game, points to its aesthetic base, where beauty performs the highest value, being the principle of the policy and the cause of the harmony of all social life.