Suchergebnisse

Book review in this article Local Government in Britain Central Office of Information, 10th ed HMSO, 1975. The Essex Reference Index: British Journals on Politics and Sociology, 1950–73 K. Mayors in Action: Five Approaches to Urban Governance John P. Contemporary Soviet Government L. Social Policy in the Twentieth Century T. Local Authority Housing Policy and Practice—A Case Study Approach Pat Niner. Rural Housing: The Agricultural Tied Cottage Alwyn Jones. Public and Local Authority Accounts L. Monitoring Revenue Sharing Richard P. Social Security in the European Community Roger Lawson and Bruce Reed. Work and Industrial Relations in the European Community Michael Fogarty. The European Community's Policy towards Eastern Europe John and Pauline Pinder. French Hospitals and Medical Care Services and European Health and Hospital Care W. The Health Service: Past, Present and Future Sir George Godber. Progress in Penal Reform Louis Blom‐Cooper (ed.). How to Take Minutes H. English Land Law Michael Harwood. The Industrial Relations Act: A Review and Analysis A. The Administration of Ghana's Foreign Relations, 1957–65: A Personal Memoir Michael Dei‐Anang. Cost‐Benefit Analysis E. J. Mishan

The introduction of more rigorous policy analysis into comparative politics reveals an important discontinuity in empirical democratic theory. The problem is not an entirely new one, but the dilemmas presented in looking more carefully at sub-national political systems, and in trying to compare sub-national systems cross-nationally, lend new urgency to this issue. On the one hand, policy studies of budgetary change and resource allocation over time in industrial democracies show that change occurs very slowly; indeed, the budgetary performance of most such governments can be predicted with very small errors given modest longitudinal information. On the other hand, the institutional infrastructure of the industrial democracies is geared to making major shifts in political control, presumably in response to popular preferences and with some notion of desired adjustments in governmental performance: yet the choices actually confronted by governments almost never take such simple politically determined forms; policy choices instead take the form of relative gains and benefits, trade-offs in expected impact of marginal resource changes, and gradual increases as new expenditures and investments can be absorbed in the public sector.

Introduction -- The development of modern advertising -- From traditional to industrial society -- Advertising in the transition from industrial to consumer society -- Advertising and the development of twentieth-century communications media -- The development of agencies in the bonding of advertising and media -- The structure of advertisements -- Goods as communicators and satisfiers -- Advertising at the end of the twentieth century -- Ushering in the era of demassification -- Late-modern consumer society -- The mediated marketplace -- Mobilizing the culturati in the fifth frame -- Advertising in the twenty-first-century digital age -- Internet, social, and mobile mediated marketplace -- Twenty-first-century promotional and consumer culture -- Issues in social policy -- References -- Index

AbstractSafety management determines and implements safety policy. It is closely intertwined with industrial development. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution, Industry 4.0 presents new challenges and opportunities for safety management. The paper identifies three stages, namely, Safety 1.0, Safety 2.0 and Safety 3.0, for the evolution of safety management by considering safety principles, technologies and modes. A theoretical framework that integrates Safety 3.0 and Industry 4.0 is presented. Furthermore, knowledge graphs are developed with Citespace to explore the status of cross‐topic research on safety management and Industry 4.0. Potential opportunities for integrating Safety 3.0 and Industry 4.0 are discussed.

ABSTRACT:This article examines the impact of post-war urban renewal on industry and economic activity in Manchester and Leeds. It demonstrates that local redevelopment plans contained important economic underpinnings which have been largely overlooked in the literature, and particularly highlights expansive plans for industrial reorganization and relocation. The article also shows that, in practice, urban renewal had a destabilizing and destructive impact on established industrial activities and exacerbated the inner-city problems of unemployment and disinvestment which preoccupied policy-makers by the 1970s. The article argues that post-war planning practices need to be integrated into wider histories of deindustrialization in British cities.

Since the mid 1990's, economists have come to recognize the role of innovative activity in firms productivity growth, particularly in the competitive market economies. However, the most conducive market environment for innovative activity has also become a subject of interest. Thus, a major constraint on industrial dynamism in African countries is said to be the dearth of indigenous entrepreneurs. This paper therefore argued for the provision of comprehensive innovation policy, in which the government supports the innovators by providing appropriate financial measures, removing regulatory, institutional (competitive) obstacles to innovation and strengthening the knowledge base through investment in education, research and industrial sites in Africa. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n15p55

Korea passed its turning point in international labor migration in the 1990s, largely due to government policies aimed at rapid economic development, industrial upgrading and coping with demographic change. From the 1960s to the 1980s, international migration was initiated and pursued by the government, bringing in remittances which improved the balance of payments and helped fund investment projects necessary for industrial upgrading. Rapid upgrading, coupled with demographic and social changes, have led to a need for unskilled foreign workers on a large scale. With a large influx of illegal workers, the Korean government now faces changing its policy to allow unskilled workers to enter the country.

An attempt is made to place the events of the summer of 1980 in Poland in the context of economic & social trends of the 1970s. It is argued that any correct appreciation has to take account of the economic strategy of import-led growth & industrial merger, & of the emergence of a new industrial Wc that is internally highly differentiated, but with fluid boundaries between it & the peasantry & intelligentsia. Despite attempts by the Polish United Workers Party to restyle its "leading role" & recruitment policy in the 1970s, this particular constellation of social forces ensured that the Party strategy failed as it incorporated much discontent within its ranks. AA.

By contrast with industrial democracy, which relates to control of the enterprise, economic democracy is concerned with ownership of the organisation. Participation by employees in ownership of the enterprise involves a change in the system or in the pattern of ownership. In the most extreme form, employees themselves, through their trade unions or through employees' share holdings or otherwise, would come to own the enterprise and thence to run it. Thus ownership and control would become inextricably fused. It can be seen that like some systems of industrial democracy through worker directors, economic democracy is power‐centred and policy‐based.

The idea of a Green New Deal was launched into popular consciousness by US Congressperson Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in 2018. Evocative of the far-reaching ambitions of its namesake, it has become a watchword in the current era of global climate crisis. But what - and for whom - is the Green New Deal? In this concise and urgent book, Max Ajl provides an overview of the various mainstream Green New Deals. Critically engaging with their proponents, ideological underpinnings and limitations, he goes on to sketch out a radical alternative: a 'People's Green New Deal' committed to degrowth, anti-imperialism and agro-ecology. Ajl diagnoses the roots of the current socio-ecological crisis as emerging from a world-system dominated by the logics of capitalism and imperialism. Resolving this crisis, he argues, requires nothing less than an infrastructural and agricultural transformation in the Global North, and the industrial convergence between North and South. As the climate crisis deepens and the literature on the subject grows, A People's Green New Deal contributes a distinctive perspective to the debate.

Known for his seminal work in efficiency-wage theory, Andrew Weiss surveys recent research in the field and presents new results. He shows how wage schedules affect the kinds of workers a firm employs and how well those workers perform on the job. Using straightforward examples, he demonstrates how efficiency-wage theory can explain labor market outcomes and guide government policy. There is a separate section of applications to less developed countries. ""Efficiency-wage models represent one of the most important developments in economic theory of recent years. They have, at last, provided

After WWII, Japanese government officials, employers, & worker organizations took steps to ensure full employment. Since the early 1980s, however, Japan's economy has been slowed by a series of recessions, its labor markets have become especially vulnerable to deterioration, & its 52 million workers have become increasingly fearful. Thus, the Japanese economy seems to have entered a new phase, with the principal actors in the system of industrial relations, government, & organized labor undergoing a process of substantial restructuring. Assessed are: whether the long-standing three-way consensus on full employment can be resumed, & what the prospects for the future are. 1 Table. Adapted from the source document.

SCHEICH ARGUES THAT AUSTRIA HAS OBSERVED SINCE THE END OF THE WORLD WAR II A POLICY OF NEUTRALITY IN ALL DOMAINS. UNABLE TO SUPPORT A CLOSED ECONOMY, IT HAS SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (EEC), AIMED AT SUPRESSING ALL CUSTOMS BARRIERS ON INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS. THE AGREEMENT DOES NOT INCLUDE PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS.