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This article surveys the complex ecumenical, missionary and international church relations of Chinese Protestant Christians. It argues that the inter-church relations to other parts of Asia are overshadowed by relations to Christians in the West, thus reflecting a political preoccupation with relationships to the West. This is evidenced by an analysis of worldwide and Asian ecumenism as well as bilateral church and missionary relationships. The dominance of contacts with the West not only contradicts the idea of a multipolar world and increased South-South contacts, it also stands in contrast to the reality of growing and increasingly important Christianity in Asia. Methodologically, this paper analyses different kinds of international relations (multilateral and bilateral, inter-church and missionary) and develops a typology of different inter-church and inter-state relations to assess international church relations in Asia today. The typology shows how China's international church relations support its political relationships with its neighbours and beyond.

Unsolicited bulk e-mail, or "spam," is often called the scourge of the information age. Because of the cross-border nature of the Internet, both governments and the private sector are facing many challenges in combating cross-border spam. In recent years, through the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS), the international community has committed itself to fight spam on a global level through increased cooperation and enforcement of spam laws. This Note evaluates many of the issues involved in preventing cross-border spam, discusses the latest methods of enforcement in both the private and public sectors, and recommends an approach to the problem in light of the commitments made at WSIS.

Bercovitch, J. International Mediation: A Study of the Incidence, Strategies and Conditions of Successful Outcomes. Cooperation and Conflict, XXI, 1986, 155-168. This paper analyses the role and relevance of mediation in international disputes. Mediation is placed within the general structure of conflict management and its specific characteristics are discussed. Adopting a systematic approach, the paper looks at the incidence of international mediation and offers a new case-list of 72 international disputes since 1945. Of these, 44 disputes were mediated, some more than once, giving a total of 210 mediation cases. Three basic conditions are found to affect the likelihood of a successful outcome. These are (a) the identity of the parties, (b) the nature of the dispute, and (c) the characteristics of a mediator. These conditions are evaluated, using cross-tabulation and tests of significance, to determine which has the greatest impact on mediation outcomes.

El primer paso para ilegalizar la guerra fue la firma del Pacto Briand - Kellog de 1928. No ha sido un camino sencillo. La guerra fue durante gran parte de la historia humana un camino que las grandes potencias seguían para acrecentar su poder. El Derecho internacional ha tratado de limitar el uso de la violencia estableciendo supuestos cada vez más estrictos bajo los cuales se puede recurrir a las armas y ha reglamentando la conducta de los combatientes en el campo de batalla a fin de humanizar la guerra. En la actualidad el mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales es la función más importante que las Naciones Unidas, vía el Consejo de Seguridad y los procedimientos de solución pacífica de controversias, espera poder realizar y hacia ello orienta gran parte de sus esfuerzos. ; The fi rst step to outlaw war was the signing of the Briand Pact - Kellogg 1928. It has not been an easy road. The war was for much of human history a road that the big powers follow to increase their power. International law has tried to limit the use of violence by establishing increasingly stringent assumptions under which you can turn to the weapons and regulating the behavior of combatants on the battlefi eld in order to humanize the war.Nowadays, the maintenance of international peace and security is the most important role that United Nations, through the Security Council and procedures for the peaceful settlement of disputes, hopes to make it and for that they directed much of their eff orts.

Conference Theme: promoting social and economic equality ; E-Poster ; Online education is a new trend in higher education, which has significant implications for social work education within the global context. The ease of access to the Internet internationally and the development of web-management systems, such as, Blackboard, are creating easy access for faculty and students to interact in an online learning environment. A course titled, International Social Work, was taught using an online global classroom with students residing in their home countries of the USA, Hong Kong, South Africa, Mexico and Australia. The course was designed to introduce students to international social work and the theories and perspectives that underpin current thinking and practice in international social work. Students explored how historical, environmental, cultural, religious, political and economic factors impact social welfare policies and the delivery of human services in different regions of the world. Students engaged in critical thinking and analysis of global social welfare issues including poverty, child welfare, health, issues particular to women and the results of catastrophic events including conflict and natural disaster. Students and faculty participated weekly in blogs, a course "coffee shop", discussion boards, live online class lectures, and critical thinking exercises. Qualitative data was collected from the weekly blogs and discussion boards. Analysis of the data revealed that the online global course had a positive impact on the students' views toward international social work, an increase in their desire to address international issues in their professional goals, and an increase in networking with each other across countries. The use of technology presents both challenges and opportunities for global social work education and teaching across borders. The authors will discuss the logistical challenges as well as the outcomes of this international teaching collaboration. ; published_or_final_version