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As the population ages, this book reveals how divides that are apparent through childhood and working life change and are added to in later life. Two internationally renowned experts in ageing look beyond longstanding factors like class, gender and ethnicity to explore new social divisions, including contrasting states of physical fitness and mental health. They show how differences in health and frailty are creating fresh inequalities in later life, with significant implications for the future of our ageing societies. This accessible overview of social divisions is essential reading for those interested in the sociology of ageing and its differences, diversities and inequalities.

Die beiden Beiträge handeln von der Gründung und Tätigkeit eines neuen Comite de Politique Economique et Sociale (CPES) in Zaire. Der erste Beitrag diskutiert auf dem Hintergrund einiger empirischer Daten und anhand von Vergleichen mit anderen Staaten grundlegende Aspekte der menschlichen Entwicklung wie Bildung und Gesundheit. Insbesondere wird die Notwendigkeit struktureller Reformen hervorgehoben. (DÜI-Kör)

"This updated fourth edition presents a wide-scale, interdisciplinary guide to social media communication. Examining platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, Twitter and YouTube, the book analyzes social media's use in journalism, public relations, advertising, and marketing. Lipschultz focuses on key concepts, best practices, data analyses, law and ethics - all promoting the critical thinking that is needed to use new, evolving and maturing networking tools effectively within social and mobile media spaces. Featuring historical markers and contemporary case studies, essays from some of the industry's leading social media innovators and a comprehensive glossary, this practical, multipurpose textbook gives readers the resources they will need to both evaluate and utilize current and future forms of social media communication. Updates to the fourth edition include expanded discussion of disinformation, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), natural language chatbots, virtual and augmented reality technologies, and the COVID-19 infodemic. Social Media Communication is the perfect social media primer for students and professionals, and, with a dedicated online teaching guide, ideal for instructors, too"--

THE AUTHORS EXAMINE THE RECORD OF NORWEGIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY. THEY FIND THAT MANY OF THE HISTORIC SUPPORTS FOR THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF NORWEGIAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ARE NOW UNDERMINED BY THE DICTATES OF CAPITALIST GLOBALIZATION. HOWEVER, IF TRADITIONAL SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC STATISM SEEMS BOTH INEFFECTIVE AND UNAPPEALING, THE ELECTORAL RESURGENCE OF THE S.V.--THE NEW "RED-GREEN" PARTY THAT TRIPLED ITS REPRESENTATION IN THE LAST ELECTIONS--SUPPLIES A NEEDED ELEMENT OF SOCIALIST RENEWAL.

Daughters are the principal caregivers of their dependent parents. In this paper, we study long-term care (LTC) choices by bargaining families with mixed- or same-gender siblings. LTC care can be provided either informally by children, or formally at home or in an institution. A social norm implies that daughters suffer a psychological cost when they provide less informal care than the average child. We show that the laissez-faire (LF) and the utilitarian �first-best (FB) differ for two reasons. First, because informal care imposes a negative externality on daughters via the social norm, too much informal care is provided in LF. Second, the weights children and parents have in the family bargaining problem might differ in general from their weights in social welfare. We show that the FB allocation can be achieved through a system of subsidies on formal home and institutional care. Except when children and parents have equal bargaining weights these subsidies are gender-speci�fic and refl�ect Pigouvian as well as "�paternalistic�" considerations.

<p>Some of the challenges that schools are currently facing include the stakeholders engagement, the necessity to open schools to the local territory and the need to be accountable for activities and results.</p><p>The Italian reform of the school system has required schools to overcome their self-referentiality and to make themselves more accountable to stakeholders. The social reporting process can be considered as an effective response to enable schools to become accountable, triggering fruitful stakeholder engagement processes and, at the same time, implementing a management tool.</p><p>This is an exploratory research paper. It aims to describe, through a questionnaire, the awareness and dissemination degree of social reporting in Public schools located in Southern Italy given the particularities of this area. Frequency percentage and descriptive statistical methods are used to interpret findings. Results show that, although social reporting is well known in theory, it is still under-used by schools in practice.</p>

This paper focuses on the impact of international migration on the transfer of political and social norms. Exploiting recent and unique data on Morocco, it explores whether households with return and current migrants bear different political preferences and behaviours than non-migrant families. Once controlling for the double selection into emigration and return migration, findings suggest that having a returnee in the household increases the demand for political and social change, driven by returnees mostly from Western European countries, who have been exposed to more democratic norms at destination. However, we find a negative impact of having a current migrant on the willingness to change of the left-behind household, driven by migrants to non-West countries, where the quality of political and social institutions are lower. Our results are robust to also controlling for destination selectivity. Finally, findings suggest that migration not only affect political attitudes but also actual behaviour: regions with higher returnee shares have had greater participation rates in the 2011 political elections.

The aim of this paper is to study the empirical phenomenon of rating bubbles, i.e. clustering on extremely positive values in e-commerce platforms and rating web sites. By means of a field experiment that exogenously manipulates prior ratings for a hotel in an important Italian tourism destination, we investigate whether consumers are influenced by prior ratings when evaluating their stay (i.e., social influence bias). Results show that positive social influence exists, and that herd behavior is asymmetric: information on prior positive ratings has a stronger influence on consumers' rating attitude than information on prior mediocre ratings. Furthermore, we are able to exclude any brag-or-moan effect: the behavior of frequent reviewers, on average, is not statistically different from the behavior of consumers who have never posted ratings online. Yet, non-reviewers exhibit a higher influence to excellent prior ratings, thus lending support to the social influence bias interpretation. Finally, also repeat customers are affected by prior ratings, although to a lesser extent with respect to new customers.

The presence of a 3,600‐year‐old ballcourt in the Mazatan region of Southern Mexico implies that a significant connection existed between ballcourts, competitive sport, and the emergence of the first ascriptive societies in Mesoamerica. We explore four likely connections between the Mesoamerican ballgame, rank society, and early government. These include gambling, playing the game, sponsorship of the game and its associated activities, and the effects of team sports on community identity. Ethnographic information from tribal societies is reviewed with respect to the social roles of competitive games and their effects on egalitarian society. We consider the idea that community identity, or communitas, can become embodied in a small group of people or individuals who sponsor sport, its associated rituals, and the construction of sporting facilities. These individuals may subsequently gain higher status within both their communities and their regions. This finding adds sport and competitive gaming to the growing list of processes that anthropologists should consider in exploring social transformations. [Mesoamerica, social complexity, ballgames, community identity]

Seit über 30 Jahren informieren Berichte der Gemeinsamen Wissenschaftskonferenz (GWK) bzw. der Bund-Länder-Kommission für Bildungsplanung und Forschungsförderung (BLK) über Chancengleichheit im deutschen Wissenschaftssystem. Die 25. Fortschreibung des Datenmaterials gibt in diesem Jahr Anlass, einen qualifizierten Rückblick auf die Repräsentation der Geschlechter an Hochschulen und außerhochschulischen Forschungseinrichtungen zu werfen. Schlaglichter sollen Erfolge und Stagnation beleuchten, insbesondere mit Blick auf weitere notwendige Schritte auf dem Weg zu mehr Geschlechtergerechtigkeit in der Wissenschaft. Darüber hinaus berücksichtigt der Rückblick für einzelne Bereiche (Studierende, wissenschaftliches Personal, Professuren) die Verknüpfung der Kategorie Geschlecht mit anderen Ungleichheitskategorien wie z.B. sozialer Herkunft. Damit folgt der Bericht Erkenntnissen aus Gleichstellungspraxis und Geschlechterforschung, die besagen, dass Personen gleichen Geschlechts keine homogenen Gruppen darstellen. Dieser Rückblick betrachtet deshalb einzelne Bereiche auch aus intersektionaler Perspektive. Schließlich soll in diesem Rückblick auch thematisiert werden, an welchen Stellen - trotz deutlicher Verbesserung der Datenlagen seit der ersten Publikation - weiterhin Daten fehlen.

Une recherche menée auprès de deux organismes communautaires a permis de constater que l'éducation populaire réalise certains des objectifs visés par l'éducation à la citoyenneté, en misant surtout sur la participation du citoyen à la vie sociale et politique. Ces organismes soutiennent que la démocratisation prônée par le gouvernement ne peut se réaliser pleinement sans deux conditions. La première concerne la mise sur pied de structures aptes à permettre à la population de participer réellement aux processus de prise de décision. La deuxième, celle qui a retenu notre attention, a trait aux connaissances, habiletés et attitudes que doivent posséder les citoyens afin de participer de façon efficace à ces processus.