Suchergebnisse

The article considers the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of physical culture and sport as a social space in the framework of the main provisions of Pierre Bourdieu sociological theory. A retrospective review of scientific sources on the impact of physical culture and sports on various aspects of human life is made. Empirical studies allowing to apply the classical concepts of "social space", "field", "types of capital", and "practice of agents" to physical culture and sports activities are noted. Objective and subjective characteristics of social fields in the structure of the social space of physical culture and sports are given. The types of agents' practices in the fields of mass physical culture, physical culture in the education system, physical education, physical rehabilitation, and sports activity have been determined. The interrelation of the characteristics of fields and the activity of practical actions of agents is indicated, depending on their attitude to physical culture and sports. The possibility of using the social space of physical culture and sports for the correction of social well-being of various socio-demographic strata of society due to the genesis and accumulation of social and cultural capital at all levels of an individual's functioning is assumed.

The article gives an overview of the limnological research historyat INEP KSC RAS since the late 1980s. until now. The most important results of complex work are presented, including the study of the hydrochemical composition of water and bottom sediments, as well as biota (plankton, benthos and fish) of the Murmansk region lakes. The prospects for the scientific research development of are shown.

PurposeTo provide a social‐theoretic framework which explains how e‐commerce affects social conditions, such as availability of information and equality of access to information, influences actors' behavior, shapes e‐commerce business models, and in turn impacts industry structure.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical investigation based on one‐hour interviews with owners/managers of nine vehicle dealerships and six vehicle buyers in a large US metropolitan region. The hermeneutic method of understanding was used, involving a circular process from research design and attentiveness to data, to data collection and interpretation. This circular process exemplified the dialectic relationship between the theoretical framework (derived from Habermas'sTheory of Communicative Action) and empirical data, through which interpretation and theoretical explanations grounded in the data emerged.FindingsDemonstrates that e‐commerce gives rise to increasing competition among the dealers, decreasing prices and migration of competition to price, decreasing profitability of the average dealer, and erosion of traditional sources of competitive advantage. Moreover, e‐commerce emancipates and empowers vehicle purchasers while reducing the power of automobile dealers.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings focus on the effects of e‐commerce on the automobile distribution industry. However, one could argue that a number of the findings extend to other retailing‐based industries.Practical implicationsThe paper illustrates a research methodology that may be useful to study other e‐commerce applications.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates the application of Habermas'sTheory of Communicative Actionto studying the effect of e‐commerce.

PurposeWidespread concerns about excessive use of mobile instant messaging (MIM) have inspired research in different disciplines. However, the focus thus far tends to be on diagnostics and cognitive predictors. There is little understanding from the socio-technical perspective to capture the drivers of excessive use of MIM. To address this research gap, the authors aim to enrich existing literature by adopting a social structure and social learning model (SSSLM) to understand the excessive use of MIM. The authors argue that excessive MIM use is developed and reinforced in highly interactive online communication, through a social learning process.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conduct a cross-sectional online survey to validate our proposed research model on excessive use of mobile instant messaging (MIM). 368 valid responses are obtained from active MIM users in China.FindingsThe results suggest that highly interactive MIM creates a technology-based social structure that facilitates the social learning process of excessive technology use. The influence of perceived interactivity of MIM on excessive MIM use is mediated by a series of contextualized social learning factors. Furthermore, the influences of perceived interactivity on social learning factors are moderated by MIM use experience.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to literature in related fields by highlighting the crucial role of social learning in facilitating excessive technology use. The authors contribute to the social structure and social learning model by contextualizing it into the context of excessive MIM use. Design guidelines are provided with a purpose to inhibit excessive use of MIM.

"The problem of social control has constituted the acid test for the entire issue of immigration and integration. But whilst recent studies show that in Western Europe the crime rate for non-nationals is three, four or more times higher than that of the country's `own' citizens, academic interest in these statistics has been inhibited by the political difficulties they raise. Immigration, Social Integration and Crime addresses this issue directly. Providing a thorough analysis of immigration and crime rates in all of the main European countries, as well as examining the situation in the US, Luigi Solivetti concludes that the widespread notion that a large non-national population produces high crime rates must be rejected. Noting the undeniably substantial, but significantly variable contribution of non-nationals to crime statistics in Western Europe, he nevertheless goes on to analyse and explain the factors that influence the relationship between immigration and crime. It is the Characteristics of the `host' countries that is shown to be significantly associated with non-nationals integration and, ultimately, their involvement in crime. In particular, Solivetti concludes, it is `social capital' in the host societies -made up of features such as education, transparency, and openness - that plays a key role in non-nationals' integration chances, and so in their likelihood to commit crime. Supported by extensive empirical data and statistical analysis, Immigration, Social integration and Crime provides an invaluable contribution to one of the most pressing social and political debates - in Europe, and elsewhere."-- Provided by publisher

The concept of the 'new economy', though increasingly used by the media, policy makers and scholars, remains elusive. Two main definitions (the popular and specialised) may be identified; and the dimensions of the ensuing debate clarified in terms of three key questions: Is there is something qualitatively different about recent trends in the economy? What are the main economic consequences said to result from this new economy? What are the main social consequences? Of particular importance for social policy is that most models of the new economy suggest that it has led to an increase in inequality and social exclusion for those not positioned to take advantage of its supposed benefits. With most discussion focussed on a narrow use of the term — to do with communications technology — greater attention should be given to a broader definition which examines its consequences for the disadvantaged.

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices from the epistemological position advocated by the MAUSS. The latter, beyond paying tribute to Marcel Mauss, refers to the project of combating all utilitarian and economistic reductionism.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses the question of the definition of CSR practices by basing the analysis on the definition proposed by Etogo, which considers CSR practices as all forms of key-giving transactions, material or immaterial, which update the primary and secondary links between the company and its human and non-human environment.


Findings
The sociology of CSR practices is seeking the notion of gift in companies which are places of profit and utilitarian calculus. This research emphasizes that the triple duty of giving-receiving-returning structures CSR practices. The approach extends the perspective of Godbout's gift, which recalls how Homo donator, along with Crozier and Friedberg's Homo strategus, is at the center of CSR practices.


Research limitations/implications
The proposed approach comes up against a particular limit. Despite its sociological fruitfulness, the gift paradigm is not immediately operational from a managerial point of view.


Practical implications
This reflection suggests to consider that CSR practices participate in a form of reconfiguration of the efficiency of the company insofar as they call into question the partial analysis of the efficiency of the company for the benefit of the shareholders. For CSR practices to be effective, managers must understand the interdependence between society and business: the well-being of society and business development cannot be opposed. Managers therefore need to integrate CSR practices into the company's strategy.


Social implications
This reflection can have interesting implications in terms of building citizen identity. Specifically, it is a question of rebalancing the link between social and economic logics, by legitimizing the social utility of companies as well as their involvement in the organization and functioning of the city.


Originality/value
This note seeks to emphasize the fecundity of the epistemological position advocated by the MAUSS to reconstruct the role of CSR practices by adopting a balanced approach.

Worldview conflicts between social workers and clients are widely understood to inhibit the provision of client-centered services. One of the most influential theories that has been advanced for understanding conflicting worldviews in contemporary society is Hunter's (1991) epistemologically based distinction between progressive and orthodox worldviews. Based upon Hunter's work, two interrelated hypotheses are examined using nationally representative samples: first, that social workers (n = 145) affirm a progressive worldview and associated value positions and, second, that their value positions differ from those who affirm an orthodox worldview. Both hypotheses were supported. The implications are discussed regarding the academic literature, education, and service provision.

"The handbook chapters will highlight cross-cultural perspectives, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to promoting cultural competence, equity and social justice in education by exploring multiple concepts of building a bridge from a monocultural pedagogical framework to cross-cultural knowledge and/or competencies through appropriate and effective diversity/multicultural education and equity models/frameworks as well as acceptable social justice practices"--

"The handbook chapters will highlight cross-cultural perspectives, challenges, and opportunities pertaining to promoting cultural competence, equity and social justice in education by exploring multiple concepts of building a bridge from a monocultural pedagogical framework to cross-cultural knowledge and/or competencies through appropriate and effective diversity/multicultural education and equity models/frameworks as well as acceptable social justice practices"