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Item 1025-A-1, 1025-A-2 (microfiche) ; "No. 105." ; Shipping list no.: 86-741-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Bibliography: p. 117-120. ; Mode of access: Internet.

AbstractIn contemporary French society, despite extensive government intervention over the past half centuv, differential access to free time and to leisure facilities, together with differences in attitudes towards participation in cultural activities, remain good indicators of the social inequalities associated with gender, age, educational training, socio‐occupational status and regional origins. Thejndings from recent government‐sponsored national surueys and from other smaller scale empirical research highlight some of the most salient cultural inequalities persisting in leisure behaviour in France today. The evidence suggests that gender deferences, while still acting as one of the main discriminators in leisure behaviour, are most meaningful when considered in relation to age, correlated in turn with the level of educational attainment, family circumstances and socio‐occupational status. A survey of the leisure policies pursued ly successive French governments in the post‐war period demonstrates how the state has intervened increasingly with the overt objective of reducing social inequalities and breaking down the traditional cultural and economic barriers affecting access to leisure.

Purpose
The authors ask the question if firms would continue the efforts to improve their social responsibility and how that continued efforts would impact their financial performance over time. This study's approach helps better understand the effects of changing social responsibility on firms' stock performance over time.


Design/methodology/approach
The authors investigate the relationship between firms' evolving social responsibility and their stock performance changes.


Findings
This study's findings suggest that more socially responsible firms tend to perform better. In addition, improvements in companies' social responsibility measures are associated with better stock performances.


Originality/value
Existing literature uses firms' social capital scores at a single point in time and does not account for the changes in firms' social effort over time. By using Media Corporate Responsibility Magazine's 100 best corporate citizens ranking for a 10-year period from 2009 to 2018, we construct a unique data set that includes the firm's social responsibility levels for 10 years.

Introduction: The endorsement of the LRSAL** presents an environment of change for the social services systems in Spain, especially at the local level. A group of experts in the region of Valencia (Comunitat Valenciana) have found in this situation a positive opportunity to bring about change. Material and Methods: Through documentary analysis and discussion of the reality of the sector carried out by this group of experts, the current model of the Valencian municipal social services has been divided into sections, and a reflection has been carried out taking into account models based on third-generation rights. From that perspective, the group of experts are in a position to propose the basis for the construction of a new model of the Valencian social services system. Results: The results have led us to suggest that the current model of the Valencian social services is characterized by having a centralized, disorganized and poor quality structure which is outside the territory. The comparison with the legislation indicates that it is not based on subjective rights, as resources are badly structured and above all, there is a lack of planning in all the stages of the system, which is especially serious in the scope of the functional and territorial organization. Discussions and conclusions: The new model should be based on strategic planning, proximity, prevention, quality, and collaboration between all participants, and especially in the primacy of the people over the system. ; Introducción: La aprobación de la LRSAL* presenta un panorama de cambio para los Sistemas de Servicios Sociales de España, sobre todo en lo atingente a lo local. Un grupo de expertos/as de la Comunitat Valenciana ha trabajado esta circunstancia como una oportunidad positiva. Material y Métodos: Mediante el análisis documental y el debate de la realidad del sector realizado por este grupo de expertos/as, se ha desgranado el modelo actual de los servicios sociales municipales valencianos, se ha reflexionado en sus diferencias con los ...

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the barriers facing social enterprise-led community energy projects in Vietnam, to understand the barriers and enablers of social innovation in transitioning economies. In doing so, this paper seeks to identify whether the Vietnamese ecosystem is conducive to sustainable community energy projects and social innovation more broadly.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a qualitative, case study-based methodology to explore institutional barriers to social innovation in the context of three community-led energy projects in Northern Vietnam. Interviews and focus groups were undertaken with 17 individual stakeholders within or engaged with the three case studies. The qualitative data used was analysed using constant comparative method, a method of analysis based in grounded theory that allows for iterative analysis of the data gathered.


Findings
Social enterprises and their beneficiaries are reliant on their ability to network, but with the Vietnamese government actively involved in the markets, there are significant barriers standing in the way of these networking opportunities. Communities with little political capital are alienated from state institutions, whereas enterprises that offer alternative solutions to governmental priorities are seen as competitors by political agents.


Originality/value
Applying Granovetter's theory of "embeddedness" and Herold et al.'s (2019) and Popov et al.'s (2016) theories on institutional centrality and power distribution, this paper seeks to add to our understanding on the impact large, hegemonic institutions can have on the networking ability of social enterprises and their beneficiaries.

In the particular context of French Guiana, the sciences and technology teaching in the upper sections of French primary schools is badly failing. This is usually ascribed to "lack of time, lack of equipment or resources, lack of interest for these discipline, lack of initial training, lack of disciplinary training in French teachers' training colleges (IUFM), lack of teaching aids". We make the hypothesis that multilingualism could also be one of the main causes of this deficiency, as many teachers assert that French and Mathematics are the necessary pre-requisites for a sound approach of experimental sciences and technology. We postulate that the investigative approach advocated in the teaching of sciences and technology can be a "tool discipline" for the acquisition of oral language skills as well as of writing and reading skills. This research focuses on teaching practices. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was circulated through all the classes of cycle 3 (upper primary school) in French Guiana. The 167 answers collected made it possible to map out the present state of science and technology teaching in French Guiana. Further clarification interviews have revealed contradictory situations accounting for the inadequacies of this teaching. On the one hand, there is an overwhelming social, political, institutional and hierarchical pressure to place French and Mathematics top of the agenda, thus introducing a major obstacle to the teaching of sciences and technology. On the other hand, primary school teachers devote about 50 % of their time and skills to classroom and pupils management. Furthermore, in their formative years, young teachers do not get proper training in educational methods aimed at promoting inclusive education. Our research shows that the versatility of primary school teachers is based on a dual system that hinges on the simultaneous tasks of teaching and educating. Observing, manipulating or experimenting, as advocated by the investigative approach increase the motivation of the pupils and ...

In the particular context of French Guiana, the sciences and technology teaching in the upper sections of French primary schools is badly failing. This is usually ascribed to "lack of time, lack of equipment or resources, lack of interest for these discipline, lack of initial training, lack of disciplinary training in French teachers' training colleges (IUFM), lack of teaching aids". We make the hypothesis that multilingualism could also be one of the main causes of this deficiency, as many teachers assert that French and Mathematics are the necessary pre-requisites for a sound approach of experimental sciences and technology. We postulate that the investigative approach advocated in the teaching of sciences and technology can be a "tool discipline" for the acquisition of oral language skills as well as of writing and reading skills. This research focuses on teaching practices. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was circulated through all the classes of cycle 3 (upper primary school) in French Guiana. The 167 answers collected made it possible to map out the present state of science and technology teaching in French Guiana. Further clarification interviews have revealed contradictory situations accounting for the inadequacies of this teaching. On the one hand, there is an overwhelming social, political, institutional and hierarchical pressure to place French and Mathematics top of the agenda, thus introducing a major obstacle to the teaching of sciences and technology. On the other hand, primary school teachers devote about 50 % of their time and skills to classroom and pupils management. Furthermore, in their formative years, young teachers do not get proper training in educational methods aimed at promoting inclusive education. Our research shows that the versatility of primary school teachers is based on a dual system that hinges on the simultaneous tasks of teaching and educating. Observing, manipulating or experimenting, as advocated by the investigative approach increase the motivation of the pupils and ...

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Social workers frequently encounter circumstances involving ethical and legal issues. In many instances, relevant ethical and legal standards complement each other; however, in some circumstances, ethical and legal standards conflict. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between U.S. ethical and legal standards in social work. The author presents a conceptually based typology of 4 types of relationships between legal and ethical standards. Case examples are included. The author concludes with a decision-making framework designed to enhance social workers' constructive management of difficult decisions involving ethical and legal standards.

'Social media' has become a widely used term, and the subject of a growing body of academic research, but with little definitional consensus. The purpose of this article is to answer the question: what are social media? We examined existing scholarly definitions of the term 'social media' through a Lasswellian lens, by applying directed content analysis to a sample of 23 academic definitions retrieved from the top 179 cited papers on social media in the Web of Knowledge database. The present study makes two main contributions to the theorization of social media. First, we build on previous academic efforts to suggest an inclusive definition of social media based on Lasswell's act of communication. Second, using the suggested definition, we categorize social media channels based on three dimensions, that is, user, content format and function. This taxonomy is illustrated by presenting a social media cube that aims to help practitioners, managers, researchers and developers to both classify existing social media platforms, and identify prospective ones.

Los avances que están produciéndose en los ámbitos científicos de la biogenética y de la biotecnología exigen hoy nuevos planteamientos políticos, jurídicos y sociales, que puedan responder satisfactoriamente a los diversos problemas y expectativas que estos cambios están suscitando. [Texto de la editorial]

AbstractHealthcare and social work would seem to have a lot in common. Both of them involve professional care, even if the methods and the targeted needs are different. However, they differ strikingly in the place accorded to conscientious objection (CO). The right of healthcare professionals to refuse to perform or authorise certain lawful services is well protected by the law of most Western jurisdictions. In addition, these conscience rights have been subject to a good deal of discussion in the medical ethics and medical law literature. In contrast, there seems to be very little scope for CO among social workers and very little discussion about CO in the social work literature. I examine the possible reasons for this difference, and then investigate the sort of things that a social worker might plausibly object to. In the end, I defend the position that social workers should not be permitted to express a CO, although I accept that they have other avenues for expressing legitimate dissent.

AbstractIt is well documented that more research can lead to hardened positions, particularly when dealing with complex, controversial, and value‐laden issues. This study is an attempt to unveil underlying values in a contemporary debate, where both sides use scientific evidence to support their argument. We analyze the problem framing, vocabulary, interpretation of evidence, and policy recommendations, with particular attention to the framing of nature and technology. We find clear differences between the two arguments. One side stress that there is no evidence that the present approach is causing harm to humans or the environment, does not ruminate on uncertainties to that end, references nature's ability to handle the problem, and indicates distrust in technological solutions. In contrast, the other side focuses on uncertainties, particularly the lack of knowledge about potential environmental effects and signals trust in technological development and human intervention as the solution. Our study suggests that the two sides' diverging interpretations are tied to their perception of nature: vulnerable to human activities versus robust and able to handle human impacts. The two sides also seem to hold diverging views of technology, but there are indications that this might be rooted in their perception of governance and economy rather than about technology per se. We conclude that there is a need to further investigate how scientific arguments are related to worldviews, to see how (if at all) worldview typologies can help us to understand how value‐based judgments are embedded in science advice, and the impact these have on policy preferences.

The social and political transformation in Hungary contributed to the development of a democratic political system and to the establishment of the rule of law and a market economy. The process was accompanied by a series of economic and social problems. The paper first reviews the social policy orientation of the three free consecutive governments elected since the transition. None of them has had a clear political profile: they have constituted mixed and unclear welfare regimes. None of them has sketched a clear welfare policy except perhaps the current government. In its case central redistribution is consistently biased in favour of the middle and upper strata at the expense of the poor. Instead of a consensual plan defining priorities, decisions and reforms in the last ten years have been motivated by political interests, at hoc ideas, and authoritarian rulings. The paper next shows what reform meant in the case of the different instruments and various fields of social policy, namely unemployment, health, pensions, family benefits and social assistance. It concludes that while both the inherited and the newly created systems had contributed to alleviate the shocks of the transition, yet there never was enough political will to give sufficient or adequate help to those needing it. As a consequence of the "reforms" public expenditures have been significantly reduced. The welfare gap between East and West has thereby grown. The consequence is that the country has become gravely divided, and that poverty is greater and deeper than it might have been under a different set of policies.