Suchergebnisse

Does gender make a difference to the way the judiciary works and should work? Or is gender-blindness a built-in prerequisite of judicial objectivity? If gender does make a difference, how might this be defined? These are the key questions posed in this collection of essays, by some 30 authors, from 15 countries

Material in teaching ESP is very important. This paper is to analyze students' reading material on ESP. Governmental science department is chosen because of this department applies reading and it focuses on reading comprehension. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is divided into General English (GE) and English for Specific Purposes (ESP). English is learnt because of the students' purposes. In this article, reading material is discussed briefly. The components discussed in this article are introduction, theoretical framework, research method, and discussion. Need analysis has been done to know students' needs in order to have the appropriate materials. Need analysis gives information relating with students' need and how to do the course. Analyzing reading material will help the lecturer how effective reading class on ESP. This study used qualitative design. ESP lecturer and students of governmental science department at University of Muhammadiyah Malang are as participants. Then, interview and observation are to collect the data. ESP lecturer was interviewed and classroom observation was done to get the information relating with the material of ESP students.

Zusammenfassung
Die Zahl jener Akteure, die sich in ihrer Freizeit exzessiv und unter Absehen der dadurch ausgelösten psychischen, physischen und sozialen Konsequenzen dem Sport hingeben, ist in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen. Sportmedizin und Sportpsychologie haben hierfür den Begriff "exercise addiction" geprägt und eine Vielzahl wichtiger Erkenntnisse hervorgebracht. Im Unterschied zu der in diesen Disziplinen üblichen Vorgehensweise, die psychischen und physischen Aspekte des Themas personalisierend in den Vordergrund zu rücken, um das stoffungebundene Suchtverhalten im Sport zu erklären, wählt der vorliegende Beitrag einen soziologischen Zugang. Die Sportsucht wird folglich als soziales Phänomen behandelt und analytisch auf einer makro-, meso- und mikrogesellschaftlichen Ebene verortet. Die soziokulturellen Bedingungen sportsüchtigen Handelns lassen sich so präzise herausarbeiten. Vor allem wird auch deutlich gemacht, warum immer mehr Menschen gerade den Sport als Suchtfeld nutzen. Damit präsentiert der Text erstmalig den Entwurf einer Soziologie der Sportsucht.

Today, with the advancement of globalization, it is essential to clarify how the local communities are changing from a viewpoint of comparative sociology, in order to evaluate the changes in the modern society from a broader point of view. This paper attempts to make a preliminary, comparative consideration between chonaikai in Japan and banjar in Bali. The results revealed the following: 1) local communities have always been placed in a top-down government framework through history; 2) yet, it demonstrates, from time to time in history, a dynamism rooted in the native social theory and customs; and 3) after all, local communities have reached a critical phase in the modern, post-colonial stage.

Abstract
The scholarship on informal domestic work remains heavily dominated by the marginalization discourse, describing this form of work as being an exploitative and abusive endeavour. In contrast, drawing on the relational work perspective from economic sociology, we conceive of informal domestic work as embedded in a relational infrastructure of social ties and reciprocal favours. In doing so, our article addresses the following overarching question: to what extent are the informal domestic work relations reciprocal instead of [or in addition to] being only exploitative and abusive? Drawing on in-depth interviews with 90 paid domestic workers and their employers, our findings reveal that while these domestic workers typically operate within the constrained opportunity structures, their work relations comprise a tacit sociological element of reciprocal benefits. However, we also conclude that by infusing these work relations with reciprocal elements, the domestic workers indeed gain something but also ultimately reinforce their unequal position.

AbstractIn this paper, the political dimensions of the social interactions of everyday life are investigated. The perspectives of Michel Foucault and Michel de Certeau, George Herbert Mead and Erving Goffman, are applied. A close analysis of micro‐politics in Israel–Palestine and the Sinai is used to reveal the independent significance of micro‐politics, as it is shown that such politics constitute the prevailing order of things, but also present the possibility of escaping, subverting, criticizing and transforming that order.

The three-part article of which this one is Part III is predicated on the principle that creativity is a universal activity, essential in an evolutionary perspective, to adaptation and sustainability. This work on the sociology of creativity has three purposes: (1) to develop the argument that key factors in creative activity are socially based and developed; hence, sociology can contribute significantly to understanding and explaining human creativity; (2) to present a systems approach which enables us to link in a systematic and coherent way the disparate social factors and mechanisms that are involved in creative activity and to describe and explain creativity; (3) to illustrate a sociological systems theory's (Actor-Systems-Dynamics) conceptualization of multiple interrelated institutional, cultural, and interaction factors and mechanisms and their role in creativity and innovative development with respect to diverse empirical cases. Part I of this article introduced and applied a general model of innovation and creative development stressing the socio-cultural and political embeddedness of agents, either as individuals or groups, in their creative activities and innovative productions. Part II investigated the "context of innovation and discovery" considering a wide range of applications and illustrations. This 3rd segment, Part III, specifies and analyzes the "context of acceptance and institutionalization" where innovations and creative developments are socially accepted , legitimized, and institutionalized or rejected, suppressed. A number of cases and illustrations are considered. Power considerations are part and parcel of these analyses, for instance the role of the state as well as powerful private interests and social movements in facilitating and/or constraining innovations and creative developments in society. In the perspective presented here, generally speaking, creativity can be consistently and systematically considered to a great extent as social, cultural, institutional and material as much as psychological or biological. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion