Suchergebnisse

The participation of private and military contractors in armed conflicts is the contemporary phenomenon that concerned policymakers and military strategists, particularly Russian contractors. This phenomenon attracts most politicians to set up initiatives and to draw international guidelines to all concerned parties. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the condition of Russian private military and security companies (PMSCs) in recent armed conflicts. The research is based on the realism approach, which will help explain Russian state behavior towards PMSCs, while the neoliberalism approach will help to explore this phenomenon from the Russian economic perspective. This research applies inductive, exploratory, and qualitative approaches, which solely based on secondary resources and media contents. The main finding of this research shows that those contractors have obligations under International Humanitarian Law (IHL), but the only limitation is the state's obligation to endorse them. Besides, it seems that an international treaty between countries could be a practical step towards having a useful regulatory framework.

The second International Seminar on. Indo-Portuguese History —Lisbon, 20-24 October 1980 (Luis Filipe F.R. Thomaz).

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Biometrics -- Voice Passphrase Variability Evaluation for Speaker Recognition -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Idea -- 3 Simplified Diagrams -- 4 Calculating the Acoustic Passphrase Phonetic Variability -- 5 Calculation of Text Passphrase Phonetic Variability -- 6 Experiments and Results -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Minutiae Based Palmprint Indexing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Representation -- 3 Indexing Stage -- 4 Retrieving Stage -- 5 Experimental Results -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Studies in Individuality: Can Students, Teachers and Schools Be Determined from Children's Handwriting? -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data Sets -- 3 Image-Based Approach -- 3.1 Classifier -- 3.2 Input Images -- 4 Characteristics-Based Approach -- 4.1 Handwriting Characteristics -- 4.2 Classification -- 4.3 Individual School Handwriting Characteristics -- 5 Discussion -- References -- Robust 2D Face Recognition Under Different Illuminations Using Binarized Partial Face Features: Towards Protecting ID Documents -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Proposed Approach -- 2.1 Face Detection from Document -- 2.2 Partial Face Features Extraction -- 2.3 Local Gradient Increasing Pattern -- 2.4 Template Generation and Comparison -- 2.5 2D Bar Code Generation -- 3 Experimental Studies -- 3.1 Robustness to Brightness -- 3.2 Identification and Verification -- 3.3 Comparison with Damaged Images -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Future Work -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Comparison of Multidirectional Representations for Multispectral Palmprint Recognition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Multidirectional Palmprint Encoding -- 2.1 Orientation Coding -- 2.2 Binary Encoding and Matching -- 3 Multispectral Palmprint Databases -- 4 Multispectral Palmprint Recognition -- 4.1 Verification Experiments -- 5 Identification Experiments.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is expected to stimulate the North-South transfer of climate-friendly technologies. This paper provides an assessment of the technology transfers that take place through the CDM using a unique data set of 644 registered projects. It provides a detailed description of the transfers (frequency, type, by sector, by host country, etc.). It also includes an econometric analysis of their drivers. We show that transfer likeliness increases with the size of the projects. The transfer probability is 50% higher in projects implemented in a subsidiary of Annex 1 companies while the presence of an official credit buyer has a lower albeit positive impact. The analysis also yields interesting results on how technological capabilities of the host country influence technology diffusion in the CDM.

Introduction: NATO and sport? -- Travel restrictions, state symbols, and East German recognition in sport -- The Berlin Wall and the ending of free travel in sport -- NATO's small states asserting their power -- The 1968 candidate cities confront Olympic demands for free travel -- The NATO working group on the 1968 Olympics -- The 1968 Olympic host city elections --Decisions revisited -- Conclusion: To Grenoble and beyond.