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AbstractThis paper reports an investigation into the changes in the wage distribution in Poland in the first half of the 1990s. We concentrate on the effects of privatization and international trade. We show that the tendency towards increased dispersion in wages halted between 1992 and 1996, despite a rapid expansion in private‐sector work. We also show that, during the same period, private‐sector workers typically earned less than their state‐sector counterparts on an hourly basis, and this gap widened. However, if one controls for experience, tenure and size of workplace, then there existed a small positive private‐sector premium. On the effects of international trade, we find suggestive circumstantial evidence that the increase in trade with Western Europe raised wages and employment in manufacturing.

This book seeks to provide the most comprehensive and sustained engagement and critique of neo-Gramscian analyses available in the literature. In examining neo-Gramscian analyses in IR/IPE, the book engages with two fundamental concerns in international relations: (i) The question of historicity and (ii) The analysis of radical transformation

Main description: Der vorliegende Band enthält die Beiträge eines internationalen Symposiums von Juristen, Theologen und Historikern, das im interdisziplinären Austausch der Frage nachging, welchen Einfluss konfessionelle Orientierungen auf die Jurisprudenz der Frühen Neuzeit hatten.In der neueren Konfessionalisierungsforschung wurde die wichtige Rolle hervorgehoben, welche die sich formierenden christlichen Glaubensgemeinschaften bei der Entstehung der frühmodernen Staatenwelt gespielt haben. Dabei steht im Zentrum des Interesses die den drei großen Konfessionen gemeinsame Funktion einer Sozialdisziplinierung, mentalen Kontrolle und Verdichtung von Staatlichkeit. Vor diesem Hintergrund liefern die Aufsätze Bausteine zur Beantwortung der Frage nach der möglichen Eigenart und den spezifischen Besonderheiten lutherischer, reformierter und katholischer Juristen zur Rechtsentwicklung im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert.

This dissertation is a study on the oversight scheme over recognized organizations acting on behalf of flag States for consistent and effective implementation of international instruments. A brief history of classification societies, which account for the most recognized organizations, is dealt with and the concept of recognized organizations and their significance is looked into in the first stage. The legal background of delegation of flag States' authority to recognized organizations is examined, categorized by legal instruments developed by IMO and ILO. Categories of recognized organizations are identified through consideration of their capability and performance aspects. Consolidated audit summary reports (CASR) under the VIMSAS are investigated to justify the need for oversight of recognized organizations and to figure out specific problematic areas to be improved. Results of Port State Control (PSC) in Paris MoU are examined to look into the extent of recognized organization (RO)'s attribution to non-conformity with IMO instruments and to investigate differentials of performance level between various recognized organizations. The Qualification Management System Certification Scheme (QSCS) of International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is investigated especially focusing on Accredited Certification Body (ACB). EU's monitoring system of quality management systems of is recognized organizations is investigated. iv The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 developed by The International Labour Organization (ILO) is investigated in terms of its survey and certification scheme and delegation of States' authority to recognized organizations to examine the applicability of RO related instruments developed by IMO in MLC 2006. The concluding chapter examines the areas to be improved for more effective implementation of international instruments in terms of oversight of recognized organizations based on the research in the previous chapter. A number of recommendations are made with regard to an effective oversight scheme of recognized organizations.

The international trading system is in flux. A spiral of protectionism threatens to expose the limits of the WTO's ability to protect against abuses and prevent trade wars. And the reason for this is astonishing: The US Administration believes that the existing rules - which the Americans themselves played a leading role in writing - disadvantage the United States. Currently the Trump Administration is working hard to dismantle the system.

Basic information about history of shaping civil society institution in New Zealand based on International Comparative non-profit research programme, Center for Civil Society Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. New Zealand during the colonial period was formed by regulating the social, legal and political from the British legislation,and signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, which gave basis for shaping the social and institutional order.

This article introduces an intercultural theory of international relations based on three distinctive ways of establishing self-worth: honor, face, and dignity. In each culture of self-worth, concerns with status and humiliation intervene differently in producing political outcomes. The theory explains important variation in the way states and nations relate to members of their own culture of self-worth, as well as members of other such cultures.