The essay inquires if the multitudinous activities on behalf of ASEAN have become just self-serving projects rather than being regarded as buildung blocks for the implementation of a concept of regionalism in all its aspects, whether ASEAN has become a mere project among other issues. The economic potential of the ASEAN member states. Prospects for an ASEAN foreign policy. Active participation by ASEAN in international organizations. (DÜI-Sen)
Since 1979, Brazil continues to accord Latin America consistent high-level attention appropriate to a gradualist policy of long-term approximation without domination. Yet Brazil has the potential to play larger political, economic and security roles which would affect South America and US interests in the region. This essay examines Brazil's possible future roles by delineating current dynamics identifying indicators of possible future trends from the current situation
This article examines the economic implications of the problem of overcrowding when the construction of new prisons is selected as the solution. True costs, which are substantially more than commonly understood, are derived. The costs of specific sentences are also examined. Prison is compared with other punishment alternatives. Myths about prisons are discussed and the real policy choices faced by public decision makers are presented.
Although the ideological labels attributed to the People's National Party and the Jamaica Labour Party administrations are misleading, the two parties have pursued divergent domestic, foreign and economic policies. Yet the policy approaches of both the JLP and the PNP assumed that there was a dynamic private sector eager to grasp opportunities to expand the productive base of the economy. This assumption has proved erroneous
Nepal's participation in SARC (South Asian Regional Co-operation) has in general generated a very favourable response within the country. The author takes a critical look at the complexities involved in the realization of economic co-operation in South Asia, examines some of the criteria that may be necessary for co-operation arrangements and points out the implications of regional co-operation for the foreign policy of Nepal. (DÜI-Sen)
Large revenues drawn from oil offer wide scope for a highly active development policy, especially to the oil producing states round the Arab-Persian Gulf (which is to be understood as a geographical, not a political term). But even countries In such a favoured situation experience bottlenecks, and also the direction In which their economic and social structures of the future may move is full of pitfalls.
Today the American Foreign aid program finds itself increasingly in trouble. The last Congress slashed $500,000,000 from the fiscal 1967 AID budget. Increasing disenchantment has been expressed by Congress in regard to the unified aid program that was inaugurated by President Kennedy in 1961 to speed economic development throughout the world as one component of "the grand design" for an American foreign policy that was to rally the free world.
The real economist's utopia is now and forever laissez faire, in the sense not at all of inactive government, but of a scheme of policy eliminating all interference of all "politics" or the power strategy and rivalry of special interests in the fields of business and of government with the orderly, effi cient functioning, in the common interest of all, of the system of purely economic activities.
Contains bibliographies. ; Introductory, by A.E. Zimmern.--The national idea in Europe, 1789-1914, by J.D. Wilson.--Germany, by A.E. Zimmern.--Austria-Hungary and the southern slavs, by R.W. Seton-Watson.--Russia, by J.D. Wilson.--Foreign policy --The issues of the war, by R.W. Seton-Watson.--Social and economic aspects of the war, by A. Greenwood.--German culture and the British commonswealth, by A.E. Zimmern. ; Mode of access: Internet.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the progress in the United Arab Emirates towards achievement of Millennium Development Goal (3), "gender equality", by the target date of 2015.Design/methodology/approachDemographic, social, and labor force statistics are collected from United Arab Emirates' government reports, the World Economic Forum, and UNESCO. Analysis is conducted to investigate current trends of gender equality in education and employment.FindingsResults for the education of women have been at a consistently high level for some years. Two themes are found for such progress: a government strategy to increase women's access to education; societal acceptance of educated women. Gender equality in employment is slow due to three themes: study choice dictates employment potential; recruitment within a narrow range of occupations; employment more likely within public sector employment. The future of gender equality in the United Arab Emirates will continue to be more positive for women in education than for employment.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation is the paucity of academic study about gender equality in education and employment in the United Arab Emirates. Reliability and validity of the study is somewhat limited by unverified, non‐specific, and older data on education and employment.Practical implicationsImproved strategies to increase study choice are required to enlarge the scope of women's careers. Management of the talent pool of educated females can increase women's share of paid employment in the future.Social implicationsA faster rate of change is required towards societal acceptance of women in employment to match female educational attainment.Originality/valueThe research is important for two reasons relevant for achievement of MDG (3) by 2015. Remarkable progress has been made on gender equality in education, and awareness is raised on limitations in the future for the employment of women.
PurposeAirplane technology is undergoing several exciting developments, particularly in avionics, material composites, and design tool capabilities, and, though there are many studies conducted on subsets of airplane technology, market, and economic parameters, few exist in forecasting new commercial aircraft model introduction. In fact, existing research indicates the difficulty in quantitatively forecasting commercial airplanes due in part to the complexity and quantity of exogenous factors which feed into commercial airplane introduction decisions. This paper seeks to address this gap.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis is based on a literature review, supplemented by a collection of secondary data. The study then focuses on applying three technology forecasting techniques: multiple regression; linear regression; and the Pearl growth curve.FindingsThe results provide a valid model for multiple regression and linear regression on range and composite material percentage for use in commercial airplane forecasting. However, growth curve analysis, comparatively, appears to provide the most intriguing and flexible forecast outlook in alignment with industry dynamics.Research limitations/implicationsResearch implications include a caution for forecasters in support of the difficulty of commercial aircraft forecasting due in part to the quantity of exogenous factors, particularly compared with a related industry, military aircraft. Future work could include: utilizing other forecasting techniques that allow for greater numbers of forecast factors, additional future models, additional range aircraft and/or analyzing the impact that competing transportation modes in mid‐range aircraft could have on long‐range aircraft introduction.Originality/valueThe study provides value in extending a previous descriptive paper on airplane parameters. Additionally, it appears to be one of the first quantitative examples supporting previous research indicating the complexity of forecasting airplane new product introduction, but it overcomes some of this complexity by providing a valid model for forecasting with range and composite material percentage as inputs.
Casual perusal could easily lead one to conclude that "the government" represents one of the most thoroughly researched areas in American economic history; however, there is something quite unsettling about a more careful scrutiny of its historiography. While the list of historians who have made their reputations by studying the importance of government through its impact on land policy, transportation, business, etc., etc., etc., is almost too long to enumerate, those authors who have attempted to measure the dollar value of these contributions have come to the conclusion that they must have been quite small. This paper provides no final resolution to this apparent paradox, but it does suggest at least one possible solution. It examines the spatial distribution of governmental activity and indicates that while, in total, that activity was almost always small, there were significant differences between the level of activity in different regions, and these differences may have contributed to differentials in regional growth patterns.
This policy brief examines a critical aspect of quality education litigation: the tools available to courts to fashion and ensure implementation of a constitutional method of funding public education to improve schools. As a case study, the brief analyzes the techniques employed by the New Jersey Supreme Court in providing a remedy to disadvantaged urban school children in the long-running Abbott v. Burke case. The Abbott litigation offers important lessons on how courts can improve their competency to fashion and direct implementation of a remedy to vindicate constitutionally guaranteed socio-economic rights, particularly when they implicate politically vulnerable or disenfranchised groups or classes of citizens.
The European Union (EU) approach towards its eastern neighbourhood is a complex one as it puts emphasis on several key aspects: geopolitical, geoeconomic, security, given the problems that the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is faced with and also the competition between the two important regional actors – the EU and Russia – that many times takes the form of a rivalry between spheres of influence. Firstly, this paper dwells on a brief study of the ENP eastern dimension, whereas, secondly, it focuses upon the competitive geostrategic configuration between the EU and Russia, in terms of the political and economic future of Eastern Partnership (EaP) states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine and Belarus.
The standard model of strategic tax competition assumes that government policymakers are perfectly benevolent. We depart from this assumption by allowing policymakers to be influenced by the rent-seeking behavior of businesses. Campaign contributions may affect tax competition and enhance or retard the mobility of capital across jurisdictions. Based on a panel of 48 U.S. states and unique data on business campaign contributions, we find that contributions have a significant direct effect on tax policy, the economic value of a $1 business campaign contribution is nearly $4, the slope of the tax reaction function is negative, and the empirical results are sensitive to state effects.
