Suchergebnisse

La mondialisation de la dernière décennie et donc l'interdépendance accrue entre les nations de la planète tout entière font de la période actuelle une période de profondes mutations qui représentent des menaces, mais aussi des opportunités. Malgré la déroute des projets de grande envergure (socialiste et tiers-mondiste) et même si la mondialisation néolibérale représente indiscutablement une tendance forte et durable, le rapport des forces en présence n'est pas à sens unique pour autant. La conjoncture internationale est en effet incertaine et instable. Les mouvements sociaux peuvent tirer parti d'une situation moins polarisée et cristallisée qu'à l'époque de la guerre froide. Comme en témoignent la mobilisation des organisations non gouvernementales internationales (ONGI) lors des nombreux sommets et conférences organisés par l'ONU (Rio, Beijing, Copenhague…) ou la forte participation lors des forums sociaux mondiaux, la société civile se fait à nouveau entendre aujourd'hui sur la scène mondiale. Cet article cherche à dégager les lignes de force de cette nouvelle situation dans laquelle des mouvements sociaux ont aujourd'hui une part active après avoir été longtemps sur la défensive.

PurposeThe paper seeks to examine the evolving international strategies of Europe's incumbent telecommunications operators. The aim is to develop a typology of how these different operators have sought to position themselves within an internationalising marketplace.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of the paper were addressed through a multiple case study analysis of 15 incumbent telecommunication operators within Western Europe. The approach was essentially strategic, seeking to develop an awareness of how each of these operators' corporate strategy has adapted to the challenges of internationalisation. The nature of this response will be defined by a broad typology.FindingsFour types of strategy were found to exist, most of which were defined by the scale of the business. The research found that most operators were developing international strategies based on developing an effective competitive presence in the European region. There was only limited evidence of operators developing a global strategy. Some operators have attempted such a strategy but have since retreated from such offensive strategies.Originality/valueThe work highlights how businesses that have a dominant core domestic market are affected by internationalisation in both a proactive and a reactive manner.

This study makes use of a political economy/rational choice framework to shed light on the nature of cooperative security arrangements in the international environment. It argues that states choose among security arrangements with varying degrees of structural commitment and that two factors are crucial in explaining the degree of institutionalization elected—the level of threat in the international system and the magnitude of transaction costs. Since there is no common metric, like price, to ascertain the degree of transaction costs that allies are confronted with, the study relies on three proxy measures: uncertainty, heterogeneity, and asset specificity. Focusing on Swiss security provisions at the end of the Napoleonic Wars and drawing on the findings of two security arrangements examined in a larger study—the German Confederation of 1815 and the founding of NATO—the analysis shows that, when exposed to serious external threat and high transaction costs, states give rise to sophisticated, binding security structures. To demonstrate the broad applicability of the transaction costs framework, the concluding section sketches recent integrative moves within the European Union.

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC) constitute two prominent international courts. However, there exists considerable variation in states' support for these two institutions. The Rome Statute, which recognizes the jurisdiction of the ICC has been ratified by over half the states in the world; only a third of states accept the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ. How are we to understand this variation in state support for these two courts? I argue that there is an inherent link between the quality of a state's domestic legal system (rule of law) and perceived legitimacy of an international court. Empirical analyses of states' support for the ICJ and the ICC show that rule-of-law states lend support to the ICC, a court perceived by the international community as legitimate. Alleged bias of the ICJ has, on the other hand, substantially weakened support for this court among rule-of-law states. Adapted from the source document.

Inhaltsangabe: Planspiele sind in der ökonomischen und politischen Bildung eine bevorzugte handlungsorientierte Methode, die geeignet erscheint, komplexe Zusammenhänge erfahrbar und erklärbar zu machen. Allerdings bewirkt das Planspiel per se noch keinen Erkenntnisgewinn bzw. Lernerfolg. Dieser muss durch eine systematische Nachbereitung (Debriefing) gesichert werden. Eric Pastor untersucht in seiner Studie anhand des Planspiels POL&IS (Politik & internationale Sicherheit), auf welche Art und Weise das Debriefing zum Lernerfolg der Teilnehmer beiträgt, um eine Verbesserung des Debriefing zu erreichen. Das Planspiel POL&IS wird von der Bundeswehr regelmäßig mit Schülern der Sekundarstufe II (einschließlich der beruflichen Schulen) und Studierenden in den unteren Semestern durchgeführt.

Der vorliegende Sammelband bildet die Fortsetzung in einer Reihe von Tagungsbänden, die in den Studien zur Sachunmittelbaren Demokratie (StSD) erscheinen und die seit dem Jahr 2008 jährlich stattfindenden Wissenschaftstagungen des Deutschen Instituts für Sachunmittelbare Demokratie an der Technischen Universität Dresden (DISUD an der TUD) begleiten.Der erste Band "Sachunmittelbare Demokratie im interdisziplinären und internationalen Kontext 2008/2009" widmete sich der sachunmittelbaren Demokratie in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Der zweite Tagungsband knüpft daran an und erweitert den Kreis um Beiträge zum Fürstentum Liechtenstein und zur Europäischen Bürgerinitiative.Das Werk ist interdisziplinär ausgerichtet und präsentiert Forschungsergebnisse zur sachunmittelbaren Demokratie aus den Rechts- und Politikwissenschaften

Beyond paradigms : an introduction to the Yemen civil war -- International intrigue and the origins of september 1962 -- Recognizing the new republic -- Local hostilities and international diplomacy -- The UN Yemen observer mission (UNYOM) -- Nasser's cage -- Chemical warfare in Yemen : the limits of the poison gas taboo -- The Anglo-Egyptian rivalry in Yemen -- Yemen, Israel, and the road to 1967 -- The impact of individuals -- The siege of Sana'a and the end of the Yemen civil war -- Epilogue : echoes of a civil war

This dissertation is a study on the oversight scheme over recognized organizations acting on behalf of flag States for consistent and effective implementation of international instruments. A brief history of classification societies, which account for the most recognized organizations, is dealt with and the concept of recognized organizations and their significance is looked into in the first stage. The legal background of delegation of flag States' authority to recognized organizations is examined, categorized by legal instruments developed by IMO and ILO. Categories of recognized organizations are identified through consideration of their capability and performance aspects. Consolidated audit summary reports (CASR) under the VIMSAS are investigated to justify the need for oversight of recognized organizations and to figure out specific problematic areas to be improved. Results of Port State Control (PSC) in Paris MoU are examined to look into the extent of recognized organization (RO)'s attribution to non-conformity with IMO instruments and to investigate differentials of performance level between various recognized organizations. The Qualification Management System Certification Scheme (QSCS) of International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is investigated especially focusing on Accredited Certification Body (ACB). EU's monitoring system of quality management systems of is recognized organizations is investigated. iv The Maritime Labour Convention 2006 developed by The International Labour Organization (ILO) is investigated in terms of its survey and certification scheme and delegation of States' authority to recognized organizations to examine the applicability of RO related instruments developed by IMO in MLC 2006. The concluding chapter examines the areas to be improved for more effective implementation of international instruments in terms of oversight of recognized organizations based on the research in the previous chapter. A number of recommendations are made with regard to an effective oversight scheme of recognized organizations.