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AN IMPORTANT ISSUE IN THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IS WHETHER REGIMES ARE GROUNDED CENTRALLY ON MUTUAL INTERESTS AMONG SATES OR ON POWER RELATIONS. THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS THE BASIC NEOREALIST AND NEOLIBERAL PERSPECTIVES ON THIS ISSUE. IT NOTES, HOWEVER, THAT NEOREALISTS HAVE FAILED T RECOGNIZE THAT SOME REGIMES BASED ON MUTUAL INTEREST IN THE PROTECTION OF SATE POLITICAL AUTONOMY ARE CONSISTENT WITH NEOREALIST ASSUMPTIONS. THE ARTICLE ANALYZES THE INTERNATIONAL REGIMES FOR THE SHIPPING, AIR TRANSPORT, TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND POSTAL SERVICE INDUSTRIES AND FOCUSES ON THE MUTUAL INTERESTS IN FACILITATING THE FLOW OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE AND PROTECTING STATES' POLICY AUTONOMY IN STRATEGIC ECONOMIC SECTORS HAVE SUSTAINED VERY STRONG REGIMES SINCE THE LATE 19TH CENTURY. THE KEY EXCEPTION TO THIS EVALUATION IS THE CRUMBLING OF THOSE ASPECTS OF THE REGIMES GOVERNING PRICES AND MARKET SHARES SINCE THE LATE 1970S.

The global energy strategic landscape is undergoing significant changes. Factors leading to such changes include the eastward shift of the world energy consumption centre, the emergence of the United States as a major oil producer and the dramatic waning of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries' influence. These developments are shaping a new order of the global energy system and exerting profound influence on China's international strategic environment.

The paper is devoted to the analysis of failures, characteristic of the activities of Bretton-Woods institutions in Georgia after 2004. Their experts systematically overlooked the existence of non-budgetary accounts, violation of property rights, restriction of competition, manipulations with statistical data, weakening of the National Bank of Georgia, unnecessary issue of Eurobonds, poor tax policy etc. The case of Georgia may prove the necessity of reforming international financial institutions.

Analyzes the commodity import and export data reported by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's trading partners, to provide an assessment of both the current state and the development over time of its external merchandise trade sector, and by extension the domestic economy. Another version printed under the title ""Self-reliance" and economic decline: North Korea's international trade, 1970-1995," in: Problems of Post-Communism, 46:3-13, no. 1, Jan-Feb. 1999.

Main description: In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Diskussion um Vorgaben des Europarechts für das Internationale Privat- und Verfahrensrecht der Mitgliedstaaten verschärft. Europäische Wissenschaftler leiten immer ambitioniertere Pflichten zur wechselseitigen Anerkennung von Rechtsakten aus dem europäischen Recht ab. Dem steht eine umgekehrte Entwicklung in den USA gegenüber: Dort beurteilt der Supreme Court verfassungsrechtliche Vorgaben für das interlokale Privat- und Verfahrensrecht der Einzelstaaten immer zurückhaltender. In seiner Untersuchung deckt Anton Geier strukturelle Parallelen der Anerkennungsregime auf, die allgemeine Rückschlüsse auf das Verhältnis von Föderalismus und internationalem Privat- und Verfahrensrecht zulassen. Zugleich gelangt er zu einem überzeugenden Erklärungsansatz für die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen diesseits und jenseits des Atlantiks.

Discussion in international relations often centres on a wide variety of norms, such as sustainable development, global governance, human security, and the responsibility to protect. A significant amount of work focuses on not only the theoretical and policy development of these norms but also the role of various norm entrepreneurs in promoting norm emergence and diffusion. Yet there are still knowledge gaps regarding the norm entrepreneurship role of international commissions that engage in the early stage of the emergence of these norms and their processes. This article elucidates the process of creation of normative ideas by analysing the role of international commissions as norm entrepreneurs, utilising a case study of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS), which proposed the normative idea of the responsibility to protect (R2P) in 2001. The theoretical contribution of this article is to expand the understanding of norm entrepreneurship by adding international commissions to the universe of norm entrepreneurs and illuminating their strategies for constructing normative ideas. Empirically, it explores the role and activities of the ICISS in creating the normative idea of R2P, which contrasts the existing literature that has only focused on the development of R2P after the Commission has finished its work.