Suchergebnisse

The area of liberty, security and justice within the European Union is still a work in progress. No one can deny that the EU struggles between a monistic and a dualist approach. The aim of our essay is to first review how the European law is perceived by the rest of the international scene. It will then discuss two main mechanisms at play: the interpretation of larger international treaties and the penal mechanisms of European law. Finally, it will help us understand the role of a penal Europe on the international scene with concrete examples. Special attention will be paid to cases that deal with fundamental rights as they represent an interesting case study in Europe and in the rest of the World. It could illustrate the aforementioned duality currently present in the Union's interpretation of international public law. On the other hand, it will explore some specific European penal mechanism through mutual recognition and the European arrest warrant in the transnational criminality frame. Concerning the interpretation of the treaties, it will first, underline the ambiguity and the general nature of some treaties that leave the EU exposed to tension and misunderstanding then it will review the validity of an EU act (whether or not it is compatible with the rules of International law). Finally, it will focus on the most complete manifestation of liberty, security and justice through the principle of mutual recognition. Used initially in commercial matters, it has become "the cornerstone" of European construction. It will see how it is applied in judicial decisions (its main event and achieving success is via the European arrest warrant) and how European member states have managed to develop this cooperation.

The term "navigation" in the purely technical sense means no more than the movement of vessels; in this sense the term is used in regulations bearing on the technical conditions for the movement of ships. "Navigation", the freedom of which is established in international treaties, has a quite different meaning. Freedom of communications (including freedom of navigation on rivers) and freedom of commerce had already been conceived as correlative and complementary notions in natural law. Both the earliest and most recent treaties on inland navigation give conclusive evidence that dissociation of these two notions was never contemplated. It is true that freedom of navigation and freedom of commerce are, in principle, concerned with different matters. Navigation understood as the mere movement of vessels, may be exercised for scientific, philanthropic or recreational purposes. However, such movement of vessels for non-commercial purposes was never of such importance as to justify international regulation. Every international agreement in this field has envisaged granting freedom of navigation as an economic activity. Never, in international treaties, has navigation been treated exclusively as movement of vessels in the technical sense, viz. as an activity with an end in itself. On the contrary, for the purpose of international regulation, navigation has constantly been regarded as an economic activity, viz. as the operation of transport services for passengers and, in particular, goods. In other words, the international regulations have always regarded navigation as the exercise of the shipping trade.

A reassessment and discussion of distance education (DE) in the higher education is crucial in a situation when many students over the world have become e-learners and several international exchange programs were suspended. Our study is related to international online collaboration in a sociology course where university students from four countries participated. We created an innovative design for an international online course and successfully ran it for about 15 years. The research addresses what the key factors are in order to make an international distance course a useful practice case, and how these factors contribute to the effectiveness of such a course and the level of students' satisfaction. On the basis of our long-term collaboration, we identified the key factors that stimulated the high level of student involvement in online dialogue and the high level of satisfaction. The article argues that online asynchronous technology and online dialogue in the form of student-led discussions (SLD) organized for regular interaction among students and between students and lecturers are key factors in the course's success. An additional factor is the regular motivation of the students by the teachers in the form of technical and pedagogical support. The model discussed in this article takes into account all these factors. Its effectiveness is confirmed by the students' level of satisfaction with our class and the high level of student engagement. It enables students from different countries to equally communicate online and freely exchange ideas among themselves and with the teachers. Student-oriented teaching methods and the careful design of the course were also significant for success. The article concludes that an asynchronous e-learning university course emphasizing students' regular participation in discussion forums can be a useful model for international collaboration where students from different countries are involved.

"This book is a pivotal reference source for the latest research on the issues surrounding study abroad students in culturally diverse educational environments, featuring various perspectives from a global context on ensuring the educational, structural, and social needs of international students are met"--

"Empirical Evidence for Empirical International Relations Theorizing: Tests of Epistemological Assumptions With Data" published on by Oxford University Press.

"Serial no. 108-89." ; Shipping list no.: 2004-0212-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Serial no. 108-114." ; Shipping list no.: 2004-0259-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"Serial no. 108-43." ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Shipping list no.: 2004-0028-P. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.