Suchergebnisse

The birth of the Euro has been an important event in the history of monetary unions as it has been the first time that a group of countries (member states) have given up their monetary sovereignty to pass it over to a common central bank in absence of a process of political unification. For the European Monetary Union (UME) the Euro is the first alternative to the dollar & is the key currency of the international monetary system. The article analyzes the consequences that the introduction of the Euro has had on the relationship of the European Union with the International Monetary Fund & discusses the need for a complete political unification of Europe. Tables, References. M. Schroeder

Tagungsbericht: Meyer, Gunda ; Warnke, Marcus ; Wolff, Sascha: 5. Berliner Symposium zum Flüchtlingsschutz: Menschenrechte und internationaler Schutz, Die Bedeutung der Menschenrechte für den Schutz von Flüchtlingen / veranst. vom Büro Berlin des UNHCR, dem Deutschen Institut für Menschenrechte und der Evangelischen Akademie zu Berlin am 20. und 21. Juni 2005.

The article aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool. The following research questions are posed: in what way did COVID-19 affect the policy of sanctions around the world? To what extant did the initiators of sanctions change their restrictions? Where did COVID-19 rank on the global sanctions agenda? What was the position of the UN as a key institution of global governance and what was the reaction of the key countries that initiated the sanctions? The main hypothesis is that COVID-19 has not significantly altered the existing sanctions regime. No single initiator-state has changed its sanctions regime in principle, but states have made a number of humanitarian exemptions. However, these exemptions are limited and sanctions have continued to be imposed as usual. In some areas, COVID-19 has even exacerbated international tensions and raised the risks of sanctions, especially in U. S.—China relations. The hypothesis was tested using the event analysis method of sanctions episodes during the pandemic (March-June 2020). The research provides an analysis of quantity and quality of events and their distribution among initiators. Emphasis is placed on the study of events connected to COVID-19. The results reveal a limited impact of COVID-19 on sanctions policy and highlight the weakness of the UN to affect the behavior of key sanctions initiators even in conditions of a global threat such as COVID-19.

Sadly enough, war, conflicts and terrorism appear to stay with us in the 21st century. But what is our outlook on new methods for preventing and ending them? Present-day hard- and software enables the development of large crisis, conflict, and conflict management databases with many variables, sometimes with automated updates, statistical analyses of a high complexity, elaborate simulation models, and even interactive uses of these databases. In this book, these methods are presented, further developed, and applied in relation to the main issue: the resolution and prevention of intra- and international conflicts. Conflicts are a worldwide phenomenon. Therefore, internationally leading researchers from the USA, Austria, Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Switzerland have contributed.

"During the 1970s, the South African Department of Information attempted to manipulate and neutralise the international media treatment of South Africa. This programme was later exposed in what became known as the 'Information' scandal." "Foreign correspondents in South Africa numbered little more than a dozen in 1972. By the end of the decade, however, they had become a formidable force. This was directly related to the events on the ground: the Angolan war and the Soweto uprising. In general, American journalists tended to represent South Africa as a metaphor for the racial problems of the United States, whereas British commentators discussed the country in the context of a decolonisation story that had somehow gone wrong."--Jacket