Suchergebnisse

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of the development of social entrepreneurship in Russia and to determine its role in Russian society. The relevance and scientific novelty of the article are revealed in the review and analysis of a wide range of communication tools used to promote socially oriented enterprises implemented over the past five years in Russia.Methodology and sources. The authors relied on the concepts of the following researchers: S.R. Akhmadieva, Yu.V. Khodkovskaya, A.F. Akhmadieva, N.N. Kiseleva, E.A. Ageeva, L.S. Pekhova, S.M. Talerchik and others. Also, the authors rely on the Russian civil law. In the study, there were used theoretical methods, such as analysis and synthesis, as well as empirical methods – analysis of documents, network sources of information, content analysis of posts in social networks.Results and discussion. The authors outlined the theoretical and methodological basis for the study of social entrepreneurship, identified the specifics of the development of social entrepreneurship. The study found that the range of tools for promoting social enterprises is wider than that of commercial organizations, however, the main problem remains the lack of, first of all, human resources for large-scale and complex PR activities. Also, the study of social entrepreneurship will reveal and carefully analyze the positive and negative aspects of this innovative business model. This, in turn, will effectively introduce social entrepreneurship into economic and socio-cultural life as a new way to improve the socioeconomic well-being of people. These factors could be considered at the level of both a single region and Russian society as a whole. Thus, the authors should reveal the strategic role of social entrepreneurship in organizing a human-centric Russian society.Conclusion.The relevance of studying social entrepreneurship and its development in society is due to the fact that it is a fairly new activity. Many problems of social entrepreneurship are insufficiently studied, which affects the qualitative argumentation of this phenomenon. Also, the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship has not yet taken root in the minds of many people as an important element in the development of social relations.

Academic Health Science Centres (AHSCs) have been a key feature of the North American healthcare landscape for many years, and the term is becoming more widely used internationally. The defining feature of these complex organisations is a tripartite mission of delivering high quality research, medical education and clinical care. The biomedical innovations developed in AHSCs are often well documented, but less is known about the policy and organisational processes which enable the translation of research into patient care. This paper has two linked purposes. Firstly, we present a scoping review of the literature which explores the managerial, political and cultural perspectives of AHSCs. The literature is largely normative with little social science theory underpinning commentary and descriptive case studies. Secondly, we contribute to addressing this gap by applying a policy transfer framework to the English case to examine how AHSC policy has spread internationally. We conclude by suggesting a research agenda on AHSCs using the relevant literatures of policy transfer, professional/managerial relations and boundary theory, and highlighting three key messages for policy makers: (1) competing policy incentives for AHSCs should be minimised; (2) no single AHSC model will fit all settings; (3) AHSC networks operate internationally and this should be encouraged.

International audience ; In the age of data processing, news videos are rich mines of information. After all, the news are essentially created to convey information to the public. But can we go beyond what is directly presented to us and see a wider picture? Many works already focus on what we can discover and understand from the analysis of years of news broadcasting. These analysis bring monitoring and understanding of the activity of public figures, political strategies, explanation and even prediction of critical media events. Such tools can help public figures in managing their public image, as well as support the work of journalists, social scientists and other media experts. News analysis can be also seen from the lens of complex systems, gathering many types of entities, attributes and interactions over time. As many public figures intervene in different news stories, a first interesting task is to observe the social interactions between these actors. Towards this goal, we propose to use video analysis to automatise the process of constructing social networks directly from news video archives. In this paper we are introducing a system deriving multiple social networks from face detections in news video. We present preliminary results obtained from analysis of these networks monitoring of the activity of more than a hundred public figures over a decade of the NHK news archives.

International audience ; In the age of data processing, news videos are rich mines of information. After all, the news are essentially created to convey information to the public. But can we go beyond what is directly presented to us and see a wider picture? Many works already focus on what we can discover and understand from the analysis of years of news broadcasting. These analysis bring monitoring and understanding of the activity of public figures, political strategies, explanation and even prediction of critical media events. Such tools can help public figures in managing their public image, as well as support the work of journalists, social scientists and other media experts. News analysis can be also seen from the lens of complex systems, gathering many types of entities, attributes and interactions over time. As many public figures intervene in different news stories, a first interesting task is to observe the social interactions between these actors. Towards this goal, we propose to use video analysis to automatise the process of constructing social networks directly from news video archives. In this paper we are introducing a system deriving multiple social networks from face detections in news video. We present preliminary results obtained from analysis of these networks monitoring of the activity of more than a hundred public figures over a decade of the NHK news archives.

Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences in Ottawa from August 18 to 23, 1996. -- Actes du 22e congrès international des sciences généalogique et héraldique à Ottawa du 18 au 23 août 1996.

AbstractThis paper analyses whether social distancing experienced by alternative demographic groups within the US has been different amid COVID‐19. The formal investigation is achieved by using daily state‐level mobility data from the US covering information on the demographic categories of income, education and race/ethnicity. The results show that social distancing has been experienced more by higher‐income, higher‐educated or Asian people after the declaration of National Emergency on 13 March 2020. Since alternative demographic groups were subject to alternative employment opportunities during this period (e.g., due to being able to work from home), it is implied that COVID‐19 has redistributive effects that require demographic‐group specific policies.

The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at "normal" retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to the situation that prevails in some other countries where normal ages are high, unemployment benefits low and early-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for prospective reasons in a context of decreasing generosity of other programs. The study of the past reforms of the pension system underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of invalidity benefits seem to match changes in pension schemes or controls more than changes in such health indicators as the mortality rates. However, our results suggest that increases in average health levels over the past two decades have come along with increased disparities. In that context, less generous pensions may induce an increase in the claiming of invalidity benefits partly because of substitution effects, but also because the share of people with poor health increases. ; En France, les sorties précoces de l'emploi sont expliquées principalement par un âge légal de départ à la retraite peu élevé et par l'existence de dispositifs de sorties liés à l'assurance chômage ou à des mesures de préretraites qui permettent aux travailleurs seniors de cesser leur activité avant d'accéder à une retraite « normale ». Pour ces raisons, les dispositifs liés à l'incapacité sont assez peu développés contrairement à la situation qui règne dans des pays où les âges normaux de départs à la retraite sont élevés et où les systèmes de sorties liés au chômage ou à la préretraite sont quasiment inexistants. Pourtant il demeure intéressant d'examiner le rôle de l'incapacité dans le processus de départ à la retraite en France, au moins d'un point de vue prospectif dans un contexte de réduction de la générosité du système de pension et des dispositifs de sortie alternatifs traditionnels. L'étude des réformes passées montre que l'incapacité est souvent un dispositif qui se substitue à d'autres dispositifs existants. Les changements dans la détermination des indemnités d'invalidité semblent plus impacter les sorties d'activités via ce dispositif que les modifications des indicateurs de santé tels que les taux de mortalité. Cependant, nos résultats suggèrent que les augmentations des niveaux moyens d'état de santé pendant les dernières deux décennies sont corrélées avec une augmentation des inégalités de santé. Dans un contexte où les pensions vont devenir de moins en moins généreuses, les demandes concernant le mécanisme d'invalidité peuvent, donc augmenter pour deux raisons : suite à l'existence des effets de substitution entre les dispositifs mais également pour répondre à des inégalités de santé grandissantes.

The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at "normal" retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to the situation that prevails in some other countries where normal ages are high, unemployment benefits low and early-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for prospective reasons in a context of decreasing generosity of other programs. The study of the past reforms of the pension system underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of invalidity benefits seem to match changes in pension schemes or controls more than changes in such health indicators as the mortality rates. However, our results suggest that increases in average health levels over the past two decades have come along with increased disparities. In that context, less generous pensions may induce an increase in the claiming of invalidity benefits partly because of substitution effects, but also because the share of people with poor health increases. ; En France, les sorties précoces de l'emploi sont expliquées principalement par un âge légal de départ à la retraite peu élevé et par l'existence de dispositifs de sorties liés à l'assurance chômage ou à des mesures de préretraites qui permettent aux travailleurs seniors de cesser leur activité avant d'accéder à une retraite « normale ». Pour ces raisons, les dispositifs liés à l'incapacité sont assez peu développés contrairement à la situation qui règne dans des pays où les âges normaux de départs à la retraite sont élevés et où les systèmes de sorties liés au chômage ou à la préretraite sont quasiment inexistants. Pourtant il demeure intéressant d'examiner le rôle de l'incapacité dans le processus de départ à la retraite en France, au moins d'un point de vue prospectif dans un contexte de réduction de la générosité du système de pension et des dispositifs de sortie alternatifs traditionnels. L'étude des réformes passées montre que l'incapacité est souvent un dispositif qui se substitue à d'autres dispositifs existants. Les changements dans la détermination des indemnités d'invalidité semblent plus impacter les sorties d'activités via ce dispositif que les modifications des indicateurs de santé tels que les taux de mortalité. Cependant, nos résultats suggèrent que les augmentations des niveaux moyens d'état de santé pendant les dernières deux décennies sont corrélées avec une augmentation des inégalités de santé. Dans un contexte où les pensions vont devenir de moins en moins généreuses, les demandes concernant le mécanisme d'invalidité peuvent, donc augmenter pour deux raisons : suite à l'existence des effets de substitution entre les dispositifs mais également pour répondre à des inégalités de santé grandissantes.

The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at "normal" retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to the situation that prevails in some other countries where normal ages are high, unemployment benefits low and early-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for prospective reasons in a context of decreasing generosity of other programs. The study of the past reforms of the pension system underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of invalidity benefits seem to match changes in pension schemes or controls more than changes in such health indicators as the mortality rates. However, our results suggest that increases in average health levels over the past two decades have come along with increased disparities. In that context, less generous pensions may induce an increase in the claiming of invalidity benefits partly because of substitution effects, but also because the share of people with poor health increases. ; En France, les sorties précoces de l'emploi sont expliquées principalement par un âge légal de départ à la retraite peu élevé et par l'existence de dispositifs de sorties liés à l'assurance chômage ou à des mesures de préretraites qui permettent aux travailleurs seniors de cesser leur activité avant d'accéder à une retraite « normale ». Pour ces raisons, les dispositifs liés à l'incapacité sont assez peu développés contrairement à la situation qui règne dans des pays où les âges normaux de départs à la retraite sont élevés et où les systèmes de sorties liés au chômage ou à la préretraite sont quasiment inexistants. Pourtant il demeure intéressant d'examiner le rôle de l'incapacité ...

The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at "normal" retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to the situation that prevails in some other countries where normal ages are high, unemployment benefits low and early-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for prospective reasons in a context of decreasing generosity of other programs. The study of the past reforms of the pension system underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of invalidity benefits seem to match changes in pension schemes or controls more than changes in such health indicators as the mortality rates. However, our results suggest that increases in average health levels over the past two decades have come along with increased disparities. In that context, less generous pensions may induce an increase in the claiming of invalidity benefits partly because of substitution effects, but also because the share of people with poor health increases. ; En France, les sorties précoces de l'emploi sont expliquées principalement par un âge légal de départ à la retraite peu élevé et par l'existence de dispositifs de sorties liés à l'assurance chômage ou à des mesures de préretraites qui permettent aux travailleurs seniors de cesser leur activité avant d'accéder à une retraite « normale ». Pour ces raisons, les dispositifs liés à l'incapacité sont assez peu développés contrairement à la situation qui règne dans des pays où les âges normaux de départs à la retraite sont élevés et où les systèmes de sorties liés au chômage ou à la préretraite sont quasiment inexistants. Pourtant il demeure intéressant d'examiner le rôle de l'incapacité dans le processus de départ à la retraite en France, au moins d'un point de vue prospectif dans un contexte de réduction de la générosité du système de pension et des dispositifs de sortie alternatifs traditionnels. L'étude des réformes passées montre que l'incapacité est souvent un dispositif qui se substitue à d'autres dispositifs existants. Les changements dans la détermination des indemnités d'invalidité semblent plus impacter les sorties d'activités via ce dispositif que les modifications des indicateurs de santé tels que les taux de mortalité. Cependant, nos résultats suggèrent que les augmentations des niveaux moyens d'état de santé pendant les dernières deux décennies sont corrélées avec une augmentation des inégalités de santé. Dans un contexte où les pensions vont devenir de moins en moins généreuses, les demandes concernant le mécanisme d'invalidité peuvent, donc augmenter pour deux raisons : suite à l'existence des effets de substitution entre les dispositifs mais également pour répondre à des inégalités de santé grandissantes.

The French pattern of early transitions out of employment is basically explained by the low age at "normal" retirement and by the importance of transitions through unemployment insurance and early-retirement schemes before access to normal retirement. These routes have exempted French workers from massively relying on disability motives for early exits, contrarily to the situation that prevails in some other countries where normal ages are high, unemployment benefits low and early-retirement schemes almost non-existent. Yet the role of disability remains interesting to examine in the French case, at least for prospective reasons in a context of decreasing generosity of other programs. The study of the past reforms of the pension system underlines that disability routes have often acted as a substitute to other retirement routes. Changes in the claiming of invalidity benefits seem to match changes in pension schemes or controls more than changes in such health indicators as the mortality rates. However, our results suggest that increases in average health levels over the past two decades have come along with increased disparities. In that context, less generous pensions may induce an increase in the claiming of invalidity benefits partly because of substitution effects, but also because the share of people with poor health increases. ; En France, les sorties précoces de l'emploi sont expliquées principalement par un âge légal de départ à la retraite peu élevé et par l'existence de dispositifs de sorties liés à l'assurance chômage ou à des mesures de préretraites qui permettent aux travailleurs seniors de cesser leur activité avant d'accéder à une retraite « normale ». Pour ces raisons, les dispositifs liés à l'incapacité sont assez peu développés contrairement à la situation qui règne dans des pays où les âges normaux de départs à la retraite sont élevés et où les systèmes de sorties liés au chômage ou à la préretraite sont quasiment inexistants. Pourtant il demeure intéressant d'examiner le rôle de l'incapacité ...