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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition, many studies around the world reveal the existence of a causal relationship between periodontal diseases (PD) and CVD.Thus, to be effective, public health actions aimed at controlling the spread of CVD should not only aim at reducing modifiable cardiovascular risk factors; but also integrate the improvement of oral health into the overall framework of the fight against CVD. The implementation of said actions requires prior identification of the level of exposure of populations through sufficient and precise epidemiological data on the distribution of these cardiovascular risk factors.In Cameroon, some data on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors among the general population are available, but there isn't any information on the level of exposure of Cameroonian soldiers to CVD. However, studies around the world have shown that the military population which seemed to be immune to these pathologies is now as exposed as the civilian population, sometimes even more.The general objective of this thesis work was therefore to assess the level of exposure of Cameroonian soldiers to CVD and the link between their cardiovascular risk and their periodontal status. To achieve this general objective, 3 specific objectives have been defined.The first specific objective was to determine the level of exposure of the Cameroonian military to cardiovascular risk factors. On a sample of 566 adults, of whom 295 were soldiers, it was observed that behavioural cardiovascular risk factors were more prevalent in soldiers than in civilians, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption in particular, 13.9% versus 4.4% (p <0.001) and 61.7% versus 14.8% (p <0.001) respectively.The second specific objective was to describe the periodontal status of the Cameroonian military population. Out of 857 military personnel examined, it was observed that 68.6% suffered from gingivitis and 13.7% from periodontitis.The third specific objective was to ...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition, many studies around the world reveal the existence of a causal relationship between periodontal diseases (PD) and CVD.Thus, to be effective, public health actions aimed at controlling the spread of CVD should not only aim at reducing modifiable cardiovascular risk factors; but also integrate the improvement of oral health into the overall framework of the fight against CVD. The implementation of said actions requires prior identification of the level of exposure of populations through sufficient and precise epidemiological data on the distribution of these cardiovascular risk factors.In Cameroon, some data on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors among the general population are available, but there isn't any information on the level of exposure of Cameroonian soldiers to CVD. However, studies around the world have shown that the military population which seemed to be immune to these pathologies is now as exposed as the civilian population, sometimes even more.The general objective of this thesis work was therefore to assess the level of exposure of Cameroonian soldiers to CVD and the link between their cardiovascular risk and their periodontal status. To achieve this general objective, 3 specific objectives have been defined.The first specific objective was to determine the level of exposure of the Cameroonian military to cardiovascular risk factors. On a sample of 566 adults, of whom 295 were soldiers, it was observed that behavioural cardiovascular risk factors were more prevalent in soldiers than in civilians, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption in particular, 13.9% versus 4.4% (p <0.001) and 61.7% versus 14.8% (p <0.001) respectively.The second specific objective was to describe the periodontal status of the Cameroonian military population. Out of 857 military personnel examined, it was observed that 68.6% suffered from gingivitis and 13.7% from periodontitis.The third specific objective was to ...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition, many studies around the world reveal the existence of a causal relationship between periodontal diseases (PD) and CVD.Thus, to be effective, public health actions aimed at controlling the spread of CVD should not only aim at reducing modifiable cardiovascular risk factors; but also integrate the improvement of oral health into the overall framework of the fight against CVD. The implementation of said actions requires prior identification of the level of exposure of populations through sufficient and precise epidemiological data on the distribution of these cardiovascular risk factors.In Cameroon, some data on the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors among the general population are available, but there isn't any information on the level of exposure of Cameroonian soldiers to CVD. However, studies around the world have shown that the military population which seemed to be immune to these pathologies is now as exposed as the civilian population, sometimes even more.The general objective of this thesis work was therefore to assess the level of exposure of Cameroonian soldiers to CVD and the link between their cardiovascular risk and their periodontal status. To achieve this general objective, 3 specific objectives have been defined.The first specific objective was to determine the level of exposure of the Cameroonian military to cardiovascular risk factors. On a sample of 566 adults, of whom 295 were soldiers, it was observed that behavioural cardiovascular risk factors were more prevalent in soldiers than in civilians, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption in particular, 13.9% versus 4.4% (p <0.001) and 61.7% versus 14.8% (p <0.001) respectively.The second specific objective was to describe the periodontal status of the Cameroonian military population. Out of 857 military personnel examined, it was observed that 68.6% suffered from gingivitis and 13.7% from periodontitis.The third specific objective was to ...

"Singapore's successful economy and decling birth-rate has led to migrants being drawn in, forming an increasing proportion of the overall population. This book examines this crucial development, assessing its impact on Singapore society, politics and the state. It shows that, although Singapore is a multi-ethnic society, migration and the changing ethnic mix are causing increasing strains. The book discusses the growing opposition to migration, and explores how the factors underpinning Singapore's recent successes risk being undermined by the effects of population changes. The book also compares the position in Singapore with other East Asian countries experiencing population changes"--

AbstractWhat effect does the initiative process have on the volatility of interest group populations? Theoretical results suggest that interest group communities in initiative states should be characterized by greater rates of entry and exit since the presence of the initiative process increases mobilizations by potentially less stable groups, particularly broad-based citizen groups. I test this prediction using data on state interest group lobby registrations in 1990 and 1997. Tabular and regression analysis of exit and entry rates for all groups as well as separate analyses for different kinds of groups, including citizen, economic, membership, institutions, and associations, are consistent with the prediction, with the effect strongest and most consistent for citizen and membership groups.

What effect does the initiative process have on the volatility of interest group populations? Theoretical results suggest that interest group communities in initiative states should be characterized by greater rates of entry and exit since the presence of the initiative process increases mobilizations by potentially less stable groups, particularly broad-based citizen groups. I test this prediction using data on state interest group lobby registrations in 1990 and 1997. Tabular and regression analysis of exit and entry rates for all groups as well as separate analyses for different kinds of groups, including citizen, economic, membership, institutions, and associations, are consistent with the prediction, with the effect strongest and most consistent for citizen and membership groups. Adapted from the source document.

This article discusses the persistence of a pattern of close consanguineous marriages among a group of Scotch-Irish American families that migrated in almost every generation from the early 1700s to the mid-1800s These migrations involved not separate nuclear families, but small networks of families already related by marriage and common descent. Such kin-structured migration created a small set of kin at each new destination who became the focus of spouse selection for the next generation of marriages. The histories of these families suggest that ethnic and denominational separateness from other frontier populations may have contributed both to the pattern of kin-structured migration and, through endogamy, to the associated consanguineous marriages.

This article discusses the persistence of a pattern of close consanguineous mar riages among a group of Scotch-Irish American families that migrated in almost every generation from the early 1700s to the mid- 1800s. These migrations involved not separate nuclear families, but small networks of families already related by marriage and common descent. Such kin- structured migration created a small set of kin at each new destination who became the focus of spouse selection for the next generation of marriages. The histories of these families suggest that ethnic and denominational separateness from other frontier populations may have contributed both to the pattern of kin-structured migration and, through endogamy, to the associated consan guineous marriages.

AbstractWe must conscientiously carry out ideological, educational and technical work as well as child care and health work throughout the country so that people can practise family planning willingly, safely and effectively, practical measures should be taken to reward couples who limit themselves to a single child and gradually to institute social insurance for aged people who are childless ... This year, we must do everything we can to lower the country's population growth rate to about 10 per thousand and we must continue to lower it year by year in the future. By 1985, it should drop to 5 per thousand. * Premier Hua Guofeng: Report on the Work of the Government, Beijing, June 25, 1979.

Résumé Brunetti (Pierre-Marie). Morabia (Alfredo), Campana (Aldo), Marcus-Steiff (Joachim). - Étude biométrique du fonctionnement reproductif dans la population générale. Méthode et premiers résultats des enquêtes effectuées à Chambéry-Grenoble et Martigny Une enquête médicale approfondie a été effectuée sur 300 femmes de la population générale âgées de 29 ans révolus dans le but d'effectuer une description statistique de l'activité sexuelle et reproductive, de son contexte psycho-social et physiologique, et de ses résultats. Les principaux événements reproductifs ont été datés, y compris un paramètre qui fait habituellement défaut dans les travaux épidémiologiques : les expositions à la fécondation. Un quart des femmes de l'échantillon total sont sans enfant à 29 ans. Parmi ces femmes 60 % le sont volontairement par contraception ininterrompue, 17 % par IVG, 12 % par absence de partenaire, 11 % à cause d'impossibilité physiologique. A 29 ans, le taux à' infertilité primaire était de 2,8 %. Ce taux est comparable à celui rapporté par d'autres auteurs. . Le temps requis pour concevoir (TRC) moyen est de 4,4 mois pour l'ensemble de toutes les conceptions, et de 3,2 mois pour l'ensemble des seules conceptions survenues dans un laps de temps de 12 mois. Cinq pour cent de l'ensemble des conceptions surviennent après 12 mois d'essai de concevoir. Les retards de conception supérieurs à 12 mois sont 5 fois plus nombreux pour les conceptions de rang 1 que pour les conceptions suivantes. Dix pour cent des femmes de 29 ans ont attendu au moins une fois plus d'un an avant d'obtenir une conception.

Changes in social structure and the movement of the large babyboom generation through the family formation ages have caused changes to the Australian family. While age structure changes can be regarded as a passing phase, changes in community attitudes and values are more likely to be permanent. The family is continually in transition. The current transition is characterised by a move from a society predominantly comprised of nuclear families to one of diversity, where a number of family and non-family types are becoming more common. - Statistical surveys. (DÜI-Sbt)

Monotone single index models have gained increasing popularity over the past decades due to their flexibility and versatile use in diverse areas. Semi‐parametric estimators such as the least squares and maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown index and monotone ridge function were considered to make inference in such models without having to choose some tuning parameter. Description of the asymptotic behavior of those estimators crucially depends on acquiring a good understanding of the optimization problems associated with the corresponding population criteria. In this paper, we give several insights into these criteria by proving existence of minimizers thereof over general classes of parameters. In order to describe these minimizers, we prove different results which give the direction of variation of the population criteria in general and in the special case where the common distribution of the covariates is Gaussian. A complementary simulation study was performed and whose results give support to our main theorems.