Suchergebnisse

Metodología de la investigación social: caja de herramientas (2020), libro compilado por Mariana Caminotti y Hernán Pablo Toppi, ofrece una introducción a los temas y avances más significativos del subcampo metodológico en el área de las ciencias sociales, en general, y de la disciplina de la ciencia política, en partícular. El texto cuenta con 8 capítulos, escritos por 15 autoras y autores, los cuales transitan por discusiones y problemáticas que atañen al amplio espectro de la investigación social, pero sin desligarse de la diversidad, los desafíos y las polémicas que han caracterizado a la formación profesional en métodos. Desde las perspectivas epistemológicas, pasando por las estrategias de conceptualización y medición, los diseños cualitativos, cuantitativos y mixtos, hasta los experimentos y las aplicaciones del process tracing, este es un libro de referencia actual para estudiantes de grado y posgrado, docentes y personas dedicadas a la labor académica en América Latina.

The introduction of the new social work award in September 2003 placed a greater emphasis on students learning from practice and as a consequence of this, the demand for assessed practice learning opportunities increased. This paper will outline research undertaken in response to the challenges that this has created by examining the central question of what factors motivate social worker practitioners to become practice assessors and how influential organisational factors are in individuals choosing to take on the role. The aim of the research was to identify extrinsic and intrinsic motivating factors that might then provide guidance to those involved in recruiting individuals to take on the crucial role of contributing to the education of the next generation of social workers. The findings, using data from 50 self administered questionnaires and two focus group interviews, collected from participants attending introductory practice assessor training indicates that intrinsic factors are principle sources of motivation rather than extrinsic, organisational factors.

This paper reports findings from the first social cohesion survey in Hong Kong. Social cohesion is understood as a multi-dimensional concept, having a horizontal dimension which is concerned with both feelings and actions of members of society, and a vertical dimension that taps those between society and the government. It is found that horizontally, society feels cohesive but the feeling is not supported by corresponding behaviour such as participation in organizations and engagement in giving and helping. Vertically, society has much higher trust in bureaucracies of justice administration than the executive branch of the government. The level of civic engagement is respectable despite a general dissatisfaction with government performance. We conclude that however cohesively society feels, it is achieved with little institutional mediation and social engagement. We postulate that this is possible because lending support to advocacy groups, participation in small group activities and close family ties might have rendered institutional mediation less significant.

This paper reports findings from the first social cohesion survey in Hong Kong. Social cohesion is understood as a multi-dimensional concept, having a horizontal dimension which is concerned with both feelings and actions of members of society, and a vertical dimension that taps those between society and the government. It is found that horizontally, society feels cohesive but the feeling is not supported by corresponding behaviour such as participation in organizations and engagement in giving and helping. Vertically, society has much higher trust in bureaucracies of justice administration than the executive branch of the government. The level of civic engagement is respectable despite a general dissatisfaction with government performance. We conclude that however cohesively society feels, it is achieved with little institutional mediation and social engagement. We postulate that this is possible because lending support to advocacy groups, participation in small group activities and close family ties might have rendered institutional mediation less significant. ; published_or_final_version

Sustainable use of marine resources, as targeted by Ecosystem-Based Fishery Management (EBFM), is a highly ranked policy goal. However, many marine fish stocks are still overused, challenging sustainability goals. Reasons for this policy failure are disputed and they might be manifold, including economic, institutional, and social drivers. We use Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to empirically determine and quantify the importance of interacting ecological, economic, and social drivers in a political decision making process, i.e. the setting of annual Total Allowable Catch (TAC) limits. GAMs allow non linear relationships between response and explanatory variables and due to their flexibility have successfully been applied to investigate ecosystem dynamics. Here, we use this modeling approach in a novel way to quantify social-economic-ecological feed-backs on policy decisions. European fisheries policy agreed in most cases to TACs higher than scientifically advised. We recorded this deviation for all managed European fish stocks for the time-series 1987-2013. Additionally, we make use of available time-series of socio-economic and ecological variables potentially influencing the decision, including national unemployment rates, stock status, economic growth rates, and employment in fisheries. We show that political decisions on TACs are not only driven by scientific advice on the ecological state of the stock, but that socio-economic variables have a significant effect on TACs – however not related to sound scientific advice. We conclude that scientific advice for a successful implementation of EBFM will have to address socio-economic driving forces more explicitly.

Este artículo responde a varias preguntas importantes: ¿Existe el bienestar social? ¿Qué es el Bienestar Social? Estas preguntas, a pesar del carácter cotidiano de su significado, están, digamos, en la base de una nueva disciplina en las Ciencias Social. En un campo de la Teoría Económica del Bienestar aplicada a un área tan diferente de los bienes y servicios de mercado, ha resultado en la especialidad conocida como Análisis de la Política Pública. Conceptualizar y abordar el Bienestar Social es recoger una antiquísima tradición filosófica, que es anterior a la existencia del moderno concepto Estado-Nación.

The use of visual research methods has become increasingly widespread throughout the social sciences. From their origins in disciplines like social anthropology and sociology, visual research methods are now firmly entrenched in major fields of inquiry, including sociology, health and nursing studies, educational research, criminology, human and cultural geography, media and cultural studies, discursive and social psychology, management and organisation studies, political science and policy analysis. The rapid development of information technology, facilitating the creation and editing of digitised data, and computer-based techniques for the storage and management of visual data, means that new methodological approaches are being developed and are envisaged for the near future. Some important and promising approaches are presented in this issue by a number of researchers from different angles of the interpretive social sciences. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803148 ; La utilización de métodos de investigación visual se ha extendido progresivamente en las ciencias sociales. Desde sus orígenes en disciplinas como la antropología social y la sociología, los métodos de investigación visual están ahora firmemente establecidos en los principales campos de estudio, incluyendo la sociología, los estudios sobre salud y enfermería, investigación educativa, criminología, geografía humana y cultural, estudios culturales y de medios, psicología social y discursiva, estudios de organización y gestión, ciencia política y análisis de políticas públicas. El rápido desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información, que facilitan la creación y edición de datos digitales, así como las técnicas informáticas para el almacenamiento y gestión de datos visuales, implican el desarrollo de nuevos instrumentos metodológicos en el presente y tienen un prometedor futuro. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0803148 ; Die Verwendung visueller Forschungsmethoden erfährt in den Sozialwissenschaften eine immer stärkere Verbreitung. Ausgehend von ihren Ursprüngen in ...

The onset of the coronavirus pandemic led to profound changes in populations' everyday lives. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that affected life satisfaction during the first-wave lockdown in Greece. A web-based survey was developed, and 4305 questionnaires were completed corresponding to all Greek regional units. Statistical modeling (multivariate logistic regression) was performed to evaluate to which extent significant geographical attributes and socioeconomic characteristics are likely to influence life satisfaction during lockdown due to the pandemic. In the course of the present work, some key findings emerged: social distancing and confinement measures affected mostly women in relation to men; there was a strong positive association between life satisfaction and age, especially as regards the older population; changes to employment status, increase in psychosomatic disorders, and increased usage of social media were also likely to negatively impact people's life satisfaction. By contrast, trust in the government and the media and limited health concerns seem to have a strong association with subjective wellbeing. Finally, life satisfaction does not depend much on geographical characteristics such as urbanity or insularity, highlighting that the lockdown had an impact on the Greek population regardless of the physical isolation.

AbstractWe apply a panel of 331 microfinance institutions from 37 countries to investigate the relationship between social beliefs and microfinance financial performance over the period of 2003–2011. We find that microfinance institutions in countries with higher levels of trust and more collectivist culture have lower operating and default costs and charge lower interest rates. These results provide the first large cross‐country evidence that social beliefs are important determinants of microfinance performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

RESUMO: Com este artigo, pretende-se analisar de que forma o escritor Lima Barreto constrói, no plano literário, o ser social no romance Recordações do escrivão Isaías Caminha. Com isso, consideraremos Os princípios ontológicos fundamentais de Marx (1972), de Georg Lukács, a fim compreendermos, à luz da dialética marxiana, o sujeito inserido no contexto da dinâmica histórico-social brasileira. Utilizaremos, ademais, Literatura e sociedade (2000), de Antonio Candido, que discute a importância do significado dos elementos externos para a estrutura interna do texto literário.

Resource mobilization theory has recently presented an alternative interpretation of social movements. The review traces the emergence and recent controversies generated by this new perspective. A multifactored model of social movement formation is advanced, emphasizing resources, organization, and political opportunities in addition to traditional discontent hypotheses. The McCarthy-Zald (1973) theory of entrepreneurial mobilization is critically assessed as an interpretation of the social movements of the 1960s-1970s, and the relevance of the Olson (1968) theory of collective action is specified. Group organization is argued to be the major determinant of mobilization potential and patterns. The debate between the Gerlach-Hine (1970) and entrepreneurial theories of social movement organization is traced in terms of historical changes in the social movement sector and the persistence of organizational diversity. A model of social movement politics is outlined, building on Gamson's (1975) theory of strategy and Tilly's (1978) polity theory by emphasizing political alliances and processes shaping success and failure. Piven & Cloward (1977) are correct that disruptiveness leads to success and that disruptions can be mobilized without formal organization; they are wrong in asserting that formal organization is necessarily incompatible with mobilization. The future development of resource mobilization theory lies in two directions: extending the polity theory to deal with different states and regimes, including the development of neo-corporatism, and providing a more sophisticated social psychology of mobilization.

The purpose of this article is to place evidence-based practice within its wider scholarly contexts and draw lessons from the experiences of other professions that are engaged in implementing it. The analysis is based primarily on evidence-based medicine, the parent discipline of evidence-based practice, but the author also draws on evidence-based nursing and evidence-based social work in the United Kingdom. It was found that the experiences of other practice professions have a great deal to offer social work practice. Similar to medicine, nursing, and our British colleagues, U.S. social work practice will benefit from increased research activity, more widespread availability of reviews of research, on-line resources, and many more training opportunities. Similar to nursing administrators, social work administrators have the responsibility to allow social work practitioners the time and training to become familiar with research relevant to their practice.