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Most indicators of human development in Latin America improved considerably until the early 1980s. Unfortunately, the debt crisis which hit most countries in the region during the 1980s badly dented the social record. Not only did it increase the number of people living in poverty but it led to a profound change in the nature of the development model. Neo‐liberal economic thought and the lessons of the debt crisis convinced one Latin American state after another that it should follow a different development path.Economic stabilization and structural adjustment had a profound effect on poverty in the region. Most families became poorer, particularly those living in the cities. Structural adjustment and the new economic model also modified the role of the state. Increasingly, Latin American governments stopped giving general subsidies and introduced a strategy of targeting subsidies at the poor. In places, the new strategy will no doubt provide an adequate safety net, but in others it will fail to provide sufficient help for the poor. All we can predict is that poverty will long remain regrettably common in most parts of Latin America. In places, economic growth will undoutedly reduce poverty but it is not at all easy to predict where it will be reduced. In this respect Latin America is very much like the rest of the world. Globalization has opened up local economies to international competition and offered them the prospect of selling local goods to foreign markets. How many Latin American economies will benefit from the new situation will determine how the poor will fare. Unfortunately, the state's ability to deal with any subsequent poverty has been greatly reduced. That, too, is part and parcel of the process of globalization.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Advancing Professional Calling and the Culture of Wellbeing in Medicine -- Chapter 1: Calling, Compassionate Self, and Cultural Norms in Medicine -- Medical Cultural Norms -- Deferring Personal Needs to Serve Others -- Shaming Intolerance of Error -- Compassion in Addressing Personal Well-Being and Health-Care Quality Improvement -- Compassion in Addressing Personal Wellbeing -- Compassion in Health-Care Quality Improvement -- References -- Chapter 2: Creating a Culture of Wellness -- Barriers to a Culture of Wellness Common in Medical Training and Practice -- Belief that Deferring Self-Care Equals Dedication to Patients -- Belief that Shaming and Punishment in Response to Errors Promote Safety in Health Care -- Stigma Suggesting that Physicians Who Seek Mental Health Help Are Less Fit for Duty -- Promoting Specific Culture of Wellness Factors for Physician WellBeing -- Psychological Safety -- Inclusive Leadership Style -- Leadership Support -- Values Alignment -- Appreciation and Gratitude -- Fairness/Equity -- Flexibility and Work-Life Integration -- Peer Support -- Community/Collegiality -- Conclusion -- A Culture of Wellness Is Achievable -- References -- Chapter 3: Compassion Cultivation -- Introduction -- How Is Compassion Cultivated -- Compassion Training Programs -- Cognitively-Based Compassion Training -- Compassion Cultivation Training -- Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) -- Being with Dying (BWD) -- Brief Compassion Training for Physician Well-Being: A Case Study in Program Design -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Recognizing Threats to Physician Wellbeing -- Chapter 4: Mistreatment -- Introduction -- History and Prevalence -- Types of Mistreatment -- Sources of Mistreatment -- The Interplay of Wellness and Mistreatment -- Impact on Learners -- Impact on Mistreater -- Solutions.

This volume presents essays by pioneering thinkers including Tyler Burge, Gregory Chaitin, Daniel Dennett and Barry Mazur. The authors examine, from various perspectives, the complex relations between reality per se and our human descriptions of the world, as deduced in the process of scientific discovery. Are we living in Plato?s cave? If not, how far have we emerged from it? And what are the various layers of description we can apply to objects and phenomena? A simple apple, for example, can be analyzed from several viewpoints beginning with evolution and biology, all the way down its microscopic quantum mechanical components. Together, the cast of scientists and philosophers shed light on how our various theories and constructs co-exist in a patchwork to produce a seemingly coherent reality. Aficionados of philosophy as well as budding researchers will find here much food for thought as well as new and stimulating perspectives

A completely updated edition of the guide to modern bond analysis First published in 1972, Inside the Yield Book revolutionized the fixed-income industry and forever altered the way investors looked at bonds. Over forty years later, it remains a standard primer and reference among market professionals. Generations of practitioners, investors, and students have relied on its lucid explanations, and readers needing to delve more deeply have found its explication of key mathematical relationships to be unmatched in clarity and ease of application. This edition updates the widely respected classic with new material from Martin L. Leibowitz. Along the way, it skillfully explains and makes sense of essential mathematical relationships that are basic to an understanding of bonds, annuities, and loans-in fact, any securities or investments that involve compound interest and the determination of present value for future cash flows. The book also includes a new foreword. Contains information that is more instructive, important, and useful than ever for mastering the crucial concepts of time, value, and return Combines the clear fixed-income insights found in the original edition with completely new knowledge to help you navigate today's dynamic market Includes over one hundred pages of new material on the role of bonds within the total portfolio In an era of calculators and computers, some of the important underlying principles covered here are not always grasped thoroughly by market participants. Investors, traders, and analysts who want to sharpen their ability to recall and apply these fundamentals will find Inside the Yield Book the perfect resource.

Although the abstract notion of justice implies attention to fairness not simply for one individual but for many, emphasis on how individuals perceive and react to injustice obscures the role of the group in justice research. Justice, as distinct from individual deserving, holds promise for the well-being of the group. Indeed, the group plays multiple roles in justice research, as a collective standard, a structure in which evaluations occur, a source of identity, and a context of interaction. Analyses of these roles help to explain underlying orientations of group members, delimiting the scope of justice in groups and the implications of justice in conflict situations. This review concludes with directions for future research that more explicitly draw attention to the rightful role of the group in understanding justice in society.