Suchergebnisse

The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) is a public-private partnership that aims to set a global standard in resource management. The EITI has a unique format that requires an active civil society to be part of the resource management process. At the moment, 51 resource-rich countries implement the initiative, including many non-democracies. Building up on the literatures on the resource curse, democratization, norm diffusion and compliance, this paper addresses a critical question: Can the EITI be truly successful in incorporating civil society groups into the decision making process in non-democratic countries? Based on case studies of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, it argues that while on paper civil society groups are part of the national multi-stakeholder process, in practice independent NGOs are finding it more and more difficult to exercise their monitoring and whistleblowing capacities due to political, technical, financial and bureaucratic constraints. In addition, the statistical analysis shows that EITI membership is not correlated with better civil and associational rights in authoritarian countries. These results confirm that despite the initial euphoria regarding civil society participation in the EITI, NGOs remain the weakest link in majority of EITI-implementing states.

This thesis studies the literary production of Estercilia Simanca Pushaina and Miguelángel López Hernández authors published in Colombia who self-identify as wayuu. During the years 1970-1980, the transcription in conventional alphabetic writing and the translation into Spanish of the wayuu palabra de origen contained in the traditional songs or jayeechis and in the pictographic writing of the indigenous people took place. Our objectiv is to demonstrate that the contemporary literature that follows is a vector of expression of the structures of knowledge carried by the palabra de origen at the same time as it seeks to assert the fundamental rights of the Wayuu by transforming national and international spaces it invests. Thus, the literature of Simanca and López Hernández expresses the agency of the members of the community, despite a desire for the appropriation of indigenous cultural productions by the multicultural state in its search for political legitimacy. It is by emphasizing the agency of Simanca and López Hernández that we can think of the emancipatory character of their literary work, that is to say its conquest of spaces of political and epistemological autonomy by the intermediary of intercultural dialogue. This emancipatory action should be read in connection with the history of the community and with the demands of the indigenous social movements of the twentieth century. Contacts and negotiations in which commercial smuggling plays a central role characterized the history of the Wayuu. Similarly, contemporary literary production sets up circuits of literary smuggling with majoritarian societies in the Americas that challenge their cultural homogeneity by the eruption of indigenous knowledge systems at their centre. ; : Cette thèse étudie la production littéraire d'Estercilia Simanca Pushaina et de Miguelángel López Hernández auteur.e.s publiés en Colombie qui s'auto-identifient comme wayuu. Pendant les années 1970-1980, se produit la transcription en écriture alphabétique conventionnelle et la traduction en espagnol de la parole d'origine wayuu contenue dans les chants traditionnels ou jayeechis et dans l'écriture pictographique du peuple autochtone. Notre objectif est de démontrer que la littérature contemporaine qui s'ensuit est un vecteur d'expression des structures de connaissance portées par la parole d'origine au même temps qu'elle cherche à affirmer les droits fondamentaux des Wayuu en transformant les espaces nationaux et internationaux qu'elle investit. Ainsi, la littérature de Simanca et de López Hernández exprime la capacité d'action des membres de la communauté et ce malgré une volonté d'appropriation des productions culturelles autochtones par l'État multiculturel en vue de sa recherche de légitimité politique. C'est en mettant l'accent sur l'agir de Simanca et de López Hernández que nous pouvons penser le caractère émancipateur de leur œuvre littéraire, c'est-à-dire sa conquête d'espaces d'autonomie politique et épistémologique par l'intermédiaire du dialogue interculturel. Cette action émancipatrice est à lire en lien avec l'histoire de la communauté et en consonance avec les revendications des mouvements sociaux autochtones du XXe siècle. L'histoire des Wayuu est caractérisée par des contacts et des négociations où la contrebande commerciale joue un rôle central. De manière similaire, la production littéraire contemporaine met en place des circuits de contrebande littéraire avec les sociétés majoritaires des Amériques qui remettent en cause leur homogénéité culturelle par l'irruption en leur centre des systèmes de savoir autochtones.

This thesis studies the literary production of Estercilia Simanca Pushaina and Miguelángel López Hernández authors published in Colombia who self-identify as wayuu. During the years 1970-1980, the transcription in conventional alphabetic writing and the translation into Spanish of the wayuu palabra de origen contained in the traditional songs or jayeechis and in the pictographic writing of the indigenous people took place. Our objectiv is to demonstrate that the contemporary literature that follows is a vector of expression of the structures of knowledge carried by the palabra de origen at the same time as it seeks to assert the fundamental rights of the Wayuu by transforming national and international spaces it invests. Thus, the literature of Simanca and López Hernández expresses the agency of the members of the community, despite a desire for the appropriation of indigenous cultural productions by the multicultural state in its search for political legitimacy. It is by emphasizing the agency of Simanca and López Hernández that we can think of the emancipatory character of their literary work, that is to say its conquest of spaces of political and epistemological autonomy by the intermediary of intercultural dialogue. This emancipatory action should be read in connection with the history of the community and with the demands of the indigenous social movements of the twentieth century. Contacts and negotiations in which commercial smuggling plays a central role characterized the history of the Wayuu. Similarly, contemporary literary production sets up circuits of literary smuggling with majoritarian societies in the Americas that challenge their cultural homogeneity by the eruption of indigenous knowledge systems at their centre. ; : Cette thèse étudie la production littéraire d'Estercilia Simanca Pushaina et de Miguelángel López Hernández auteur.e.s publiés en Colombie qui s'auto-identifient comme wayuu. Pendant les années 1970-1980, se produit la transcription en écriture alphabétique conventionnelle et la traduction en espagnol de la parole d'origine wayuu contenue dans les chants traditionnels ou jayeechis et dans l'écriture pictographique du peuple autochtone. Notre objectif est de démontrer que la littérature contemporaine qui s'ensuit est un vecteur d'expression des structures de connaissance portées par la parole d'origine au même temps qu'elle cherche à affirmer les droits fondamentaux des Wayuu en transformant les espaces nationaux et internationaux qu'elle investit. Ainsi, la littérature de Simanca et de López Hernández exprime la capacité d'action des membres de la communauté et ce malgré une volonté d'appropriation des productions culturelles autochtones par l'État multiculturel en vue de sa recherche de légitimité politique. C'est en mettant l'accent sur l'agir de Simanca et de López Hernández que nous pouvons penser le caractère émancipateur de leur œuvre littéraire, c'est-à-dire sa conquête d'espaces d'autonomie politique et épistémologique par l'intermédiaire du dialogue interculturel. Cette action émancipatrice est à lire en lien avec l'histoire de la communauté et en consonance avec les revendications des mouvements sociaux autochtones du XXe siècle. L'histoire des Wayuu est caractérisée par des contacts et des négociations où la contrebande commerciale joue un rôle central. De manière similaire, la production littéraire contemporaine met en place des circuits de contrebande littéraire avec les sociétés majoritaires des Amériques qui remettent en cause leur homogénéité culturelle par l'irruption en leur centre des systèmes de savoir autochtones.

HIV&AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan yang angka kasusnya semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya. Di Jawa Timur, HIV&AIDS semakin menyebar luas dan mengancam. Hingga Desember 2012, terdata 6.900 kasus AIDS dan 15.681 kasus HIV. Kota Surabaya adalah kota di Jawa Timur yang memiliki kasus HIV tertinggi (3.889 kasus) dan kasus AIDS tertinggi, yaitu 1.266 kasus. Penularan HIV&AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga semakin meningkat sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan angka kejadian HIV&AIDS pada anak semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor perilaku ibu yang terinfeksi HIV&AIDS terhadap pola pengasuhan kepada balitanya yang HIV&AIDS Positif maupun pada balita HIV&AIDS yang negatif di Kota Surabaya. Metode Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan model studi kasus. Sampel terdiri dari 10 responden yang terdiri dari dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama ibu HIV&AIDS yang memiliki balita positif HIV&AIDS dan kelompok kedua memiliki balita negatif HIV&AIDS. Wawancara dilakukan dengan pendoman wawancara dantape recorderkepada 10 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pengasuhan tidak tergantung pada pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terhadap HIV&AIDS. Pola Asuh yang diterapkan ibu lebih didasari oleh pengalaman hidup, bagaimana reaksi, penerimaan informan terhadap status penyakit yang dideritanya, dan harapan terhadap kesehatan/kesembuhan anaknya dimasa depan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menujukkan ibu mengasuh anak dengan pola asuh demokratis pengasuhan meningkatkan pengetahuan terhadap HIV&AIDS agar memperlakukan anaknya dengan normal dan wajar. Sehingga anak tumbuh seperti anak normal yang lain

HIV&AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan yang angka kasusnya semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya. Di Jawa Timur, HIV&AIDS semakin menyebar luas dan mengancam. Hingga Desember 2012, terdata 6.900 kasus AIDS dan 15.681 kasus HIV. Kota Surabaya adalah kota di Jawa Timur yang memiliki kasus HIV tertinggi (3.889 kasus) dan kasus AIDS tertinggi, yaitu 1.266 kasus. Penularan HIV&AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga semakin meningkat sehingga tidak menutup kemungkinan angka kejadian HIV&AIDS pada anak semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor perilaku ibu yang terinfeksi HIV&AIDS terhadap pola pengasuhan kepada balitanya yang HIV&AIDS Positif maupun pada balita HIV&AIDS yang negatif di Kota Surabaya. Metode Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan model studi kasus. Sampel terdiri dari 10 responden yang terdiri dari dua kelompok. Kelompok pertama ibu HIV&AIDS yang memiliki balita positif HIV&AIDS dan kelompok kedua memiliki balita negatif HIV&AIDS. Wawancara dilakukan dengan pendoman wawancara dantape recorderkepada 10 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pengasuhan tidak tergantung pada pengetahuan dan sikap ibu terhadap HIV&AIDS. Pola Asuh yang diterapkan ibu lebih didasari oleh pengalaman hidup, bagaimana reaksi, penerimaan informan terhadap status penyakit yang dideritanya, dan harapan terhadap kesehatan/kesembuhan anaknya dimasa depan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menujukkan ibu mengasuh anak dengan pola asuh demokratis pengasuhan meningkatkan pengetahuan terhadap HIV&AIDS agar memperlakukan anaknya dengan normal dan wajar. Sehingga anak tumbuh seperti anak normal yang lain

Our study of the ideas of organicism in contemporary research on man and society has stemmed from two significant circumstances.Firstly, organicism is an original approach in natural science has a long lineage (dating back to the classical antiquity), and as such it is akin to the natural-scientific approach of the characterological creatology (which is being developed by the author of this article). For this reason, the study of the basic ideas of organicism allows us to clarify some of the key intentions of the characterological creatology. Secondly, the methodology of organicism has been actively used and developed in recent years by Russian scholars of philosophy, sociology, political studies. In part, this interest has been determined by the recent "conservative turn" in Russian society, but it is also due to some specific features in the evolution of the global society.As the author of the article demonstrates, organicism has a large number of predecessors and "founding fathers" in both modern and contemporary philosophy. Among them are European and Russian conservatives, Herbert Spencer's positivist sociologists and many others. But the true origin of organicism, as it is asserted, lies in the philosophical naturalism of Aristotle. The works of Russian scholars of both Soviet and post-Soviet times (Aleksei F. Losev, Aza A. Takho-Godi, Konstantin S. Khroutski) helped us consider the essence of Aristotle's organicism, in particular the special importance of internal (immanent) causality for understanding the process of development. Following K. S. Khroutski, we emphasize the proximity of the Aristotelian position both to classical Russian school of natural science and to the classical natural-scientific characterology (and characterological creatology as well).Special attention is paid to the social applications of organicism, which are dealt with via the cases of contemporary Russian research in social sciences. The three cases are as follows: 1) the study of the phenomenon of the Novgorod Veche (K. S. Khroutski and Anatoly V. Karpov); 2) the analysis of the situation in contemporary Russian state and society (Rimma I. Sokolova); 3) the analysis of the phenomenon of Russian artel (Vitaly V. Averyanov et al.). We conclude by asserting the methodological and philosophical significance of organicism for the study of contemporary development processes. ; Обращение к исследованию идей органицизма в современных науках о человеке и обществе, предпринятое в данной статье, продиктовано двумя важными, с точки зрения автора, обстоятельствами.Во-первых, органицизм представляет собой оригинальный естественно-научный подход, имеющий давнее происхождение (начиная с Античности), и как таковой он является родственным естественно-научному подходу характерологической креатологии (который развивается автором данной статьи). По этой причине исследование основных идей органицизма позволяет прояснить некоторые ключевые интенции характерологической креатологии. Во-вторых, методология органицизма активно используется и развивается в последние годы отечественными исследователями — философами, социологами, политологами. Отчасти это связано с наметившимся в последние годы «консервативным поворотом» внутри российского общества, но также имеет свои причины в закономерностях эволюции глобального социума.Имея ряд предшественников и отцов-основателей в философии Нового и Новейшего времени (европейские и русские консерваторы, позитивистская социология Г. Спенсера и др.), органицизм свое подлинное начало получает в философском натурализме Аристотеля. С опорой на исследования отечественных ученых советского и постсоветского времени (А. Ф. Лосева, А. А. Тахо-Годи, К. С. Хруцкого) рассматривается существо органицистских воззрений Аристотеля, в частности особое значение в его философии внутренней (имманентной) причинности для понимания процессов развития. Вслед за К. С. Хруцким отмечается близость естественно-научных воззрений Стагирита классической русской (российской) естественно-научной школе, делается вывод о параллелях между некоторыми идеями классической естественно-научной характерологии (и характерологической креатологии) и идеями органицизма.Особое внимание уделено социальным проекциям органицизма, рассмотренным на материале современных российских исследований в области социальных наук. Приводятся три примера использования органицистской методологии в анализе: 1) феномена новгородского вече (К. С. Хруцкий и А. В. Карпов); 2) состояния современного российского общества и государства (Р. И. Соколова); 3) феномена русской артели (В. В. Аверьянов и др.). Делается вывод о методологической и мировоззренческой значимости органицизма для исследования современных процессов развития.

This paper approaches the relations between history and fiction through analysis of two works: the Franz Werfel drama'sJuarez und Maximilian(1924), and the Miguel Contreras Torres movie's,Juárez y Maximiliano(1934). Both works intend to tell us the happened during the Second Mexican Empire, Werfel with the Austrian gaze and Contreras with the Mexican gaze. We go inside to biography and context of authors, as well as the reception of the drama and movie in the local press, to understanding the political implications of the representations of the past. Finally, we analyze the philosophy of history implied in both Werfel and Contreras, and your relations with creation's context. ; Este trabajo aborda las relaciones entre la historia y la ficción a través del análisis de dos obras homónimas, el dramaJuarez und Maximilian(1924) de Franz Werfel y la películaJuárez y Maximiliano(1934) de Miguel Contreras Torres. Dichas obras relatan desde dos perspectivas distintas y al mismo tiempo coincidentes el Segundo Imperio Mexicano, Werfel desde el punto de vista austriaco, y Contreras desde el mexicano. Se consideran los elementos contextuales de ambos autores, así como la recepción que dichas obras tuvieron en la prensa local para entender las implicaciones políticas de las representaciones del pasado. Finalmente, se profundiza sobre la filosofía de la historia implícita en ambos trabajos y sus relaciones con el contexto de su creación.