Suchergebnisse

Existing work on state building focuses on the creation of modern bureaucracies and institutions for education and taxation but generally neglects to point to communal property regimes as tools of statecraft. Political science scholars who focus on ethnic communal lands in the Americas emphasize the rise of formal multicultural institutions, including Indigenous land rights, but are skeptical about governments' willingness to title large extensions of land to Indigenous or other ethnic groups because of opposing economic interests. Focusing on the titling of 12 percent of Honduras's territory between 2012 and 2016, this article uses semi-structured elite interviews, land titling data, field notes from three months in rural and urban sites in Honduras, and drug-trafficking reports to examine the motivation of officials in the central government. Evidence suggests that the central government views and uses ethnic land titling as a strategy to reclaim territorial dominance in contested locations that lack state presence. ResumenLos análisis sobre la creación del estado moderno se enfocan en el diseño de burocracias e instituciones modernas para la educación y la recaudación de impuestos pero generalmente omiten la propiedad comunal como herramienta para gobernar. Los analistas que estudian la propiedad comunal de pueblos étnicos en las Américas enfatizan la difusión del multiculturalismo mediante instituciones legales, incluyendo el derecho a la tierra de pueblos indígenas, pero dudan que el gobierno quiera titular grandes extensiones de tierras a dichos pueblos por oposiciones de intereses económicos. Este articulo usa entrevistas con la elite política de Honduras, datos cuantitativos sobre la titulación de tierra comunal, notas detalladas de tres meses de trabajo de campo en lugares urbanos y rurales de Honduras e informes sobre el narcotráfico para examinar la motivación de miembros del gobierno central para titular 12 por ciento del territorio hondureño como tierra indígena entre 2012 y 2016. La evidencia presentada sugiere que el gobierno central titula tierra indígena como una estrategia para reforzar su dominio en localidades vulnerables sin presencia estatal.

This Article focuses on the application of the state action antitrust inimunity doctrine of Parker v. Brown to the regulatory programs of state administrative agencies having statewide jurisdiction. It concludes that state agencies should be subject to significantly different requirements for antitrust immunity than are local governmental units. This Article also addresses unresolved issues that frequently recur in the context of state administrative action, such as the effect of retroactive intetpretations of state policy by a state agency, whether the clear articulation and active supervision requirements for antitrust immunity play any separate role in the context of administrative policy making, and whether any distinctions should be drawn among the processes of rulemaking, adjudication, and tariff approval in applying the Parker doctrine.

A qualitative analysis (The Empirical Phenomenological Psychological method) of interviews involving eight patients (depression, burn-out syndrome, and chronic pain) was carried out in order to obtain knowledge regarding the effects of flotation tank therapy. This knowledge might be helpful for both professionals and potential floaters. The analysis resulted in 21 categories, which were summarized as four themes: (a) experiences during flotation, (b) perceived effects afterwards, (c) technical details, and finally (d) the participants ́ background, motivation, and expectations. Floating was perceived as pleasant. An altered state of consciousness was induced, varying from a milder state including profound relaxation and altered time perception, to more powerful with perceptual changes and profound sensations such as out-o f-body experience s and perinatal experiences.

Covid-19 has been stated as a worldwide outbreak of pandemic disease and crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically affected the teaching and learning experience at universities and schools. In response, governments and higher education institutions around the world put significant efforts to ensure that students continue to obtain the best possible level of education and learning outcomes. As such effective evaluation of e-learning is essential in order to ensure that students get proper learning and education especially during the current circumstances of Covid-19. Our study was carried out to determine the main elements and factors related to students' satisfaction and quality of e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic era based on various aspects and dimensions of e-learning. The main findings of the study indicated that students satisfaction and evaluation of the e-learning experience during the pandemic were not promising. Therefore, higher education institutions should reconsider their efforts and approaches to improve the quality of e-learning and the learning outcomes achieved. For example, IT infrastructure, Internet access, and particularly network connectivity could be improved to support fully online courses. Such elements need to be addressed because of the prevalence of the current Covid-19 pandemic which perhaps will lead to e-learning occurring for a long time. With the move to e-learning, the size of the class (the number of students in each class) has been increased leading to other significant challenges related to communication and participation in the class and reducing the possible interactivity for each student. Furthermore, it has been also observed that new students need relevant training on IT and e-learning applications to ensure sufficient use and utilization of these applications in their e-learning journey.

Diese Studie erforscht die Diffusion von "morality policies" in den US-Bundesstaaten mittels u.a. statistischer Ereigniszeitanalyse und zeigt, dass das Ausmaß in dem Politikdiffusion stattfindet, in Abhängigkeit vom "morality policy" Grad variiert. Die Bereitschaft, aus der zeitlich vorhergehenden Verabschiedung von Moralpolitiken in anderen Bundesstaaten mit ähnlichen moralischen Werten zu lernen nimmt mit abnehmenden Moralpolitikcharakteristiken zu. Als Folge davon steigt die Stärke des Diffusionseffektes auf die Politikverabschiedungswahrscheinlichkeit mit abnehmenden Moralpolitikcharakteristiken. Bei weniger hervorstechenden, technisch komplexeren Moralpolitiken wird auch Information von ideologisch unähnlichen Staaten herangezogen.