Search results

It is rare in the field of humanitarian action for anniversaries to be
celebrated. Yet some achievements in history cannot fail to be remembered
and serve as inspiration. The adoption of the 1951 Convention relating to
the Status of Refugees, which remains the fundamental instrument for refugee
protection, is one such achievement. On the occasion of its 50th
anniversary, I would like to reiterate the ICRC's strong support for the
1951 Convention and the principles set out therein. I would also like to
take the opportunity to commend the vital role played by UNHCR in providing
help for refugees in so many places around the world.

Aujourd'hui il est peu de dire que «l'état de la planète» est des plus préoccupants. «Nous vivons dans une période de transition historique, marquée par une crise de conscience littéralement explosive du conflit entre les activités humaines et les impératifs de l'environnement», déclarait récemment Mme Gro Harlem Brundtland, Premier ministre de Norvège, qui préside la commission mondiale sur l'environnement et le développement. 'Une bataille décisive est engagée car la planète est bel et bien menacée.

This article posits that the Ottoman international system was built on three pillars: power projection, interconnectedness, and autonomy of frontier polities. While its military power projection dwarfed its great power rivals, cultural and organizational capacities of the Ottoman Empire extended its influence to areas out of its military reach. Occupying a central position in trade, pilgrimage, and diplomacy during the early modern period, the Ottoman Empire fostered connections throughout the wider Afro-Eurasian world. The flexible and almost independent status of the peripheral polities not only increased the survival capacity of the empire but also played a central role in the functioning of the Ottoman international system. Rather than presenting either a material or ideational perspective, the present study adopts a via-media approach, integrating both perspectives to elucidate the Ottoman international system, which persisted for nearly three centuries from the early 16th century to the late 18th century. Analyzing such a broad historical phenomenon, this article aims to enrich and contribute to the increasingly popularized historical and non-Western IR subfields. Additionally, it holds potential to deepen our comprehension of heterogeneous international systems and their modus operandi. Le système international ottoman : Projection de puissance, interconnexion et autonomie des territoires frontaliers