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Objectives.In this article we develop a conceptual model connecting immigrants' objective circumstances to satisfaction with life in the United States, intentions with regard to naturalization and settlement, and concrete behaviors such as remitting and leaving the country.Methods.We analyze data from the New Immigrant Survey Pilot to estimate structural equations derived from our conceptual model.Results.Those expressing a high degree of U.S. satisfaction are significantly more likely to intend to naturalize and, because of this fact, are also more likely to want to stay in the United States forever. In terms of socioeconomic characteristics, however, those with high earnings and owners of U.S. property are less likely to intend naturalizing; and those with high levels of education are least likely to be satisfied with the United States, but satisfaction is itself unrelated to remitting or emigrating, which are determined by citizenship intentions and objective circumstances.Conclusions.The picture that emerges from this analysis is of a fluid and dynamic global market for human capital in which the bearers of skills, education, and abilities seek to maximize earnings in the short term while retaining little commitment to any particular society or national labor market over the longer term.

In 2006, mobile catering vendors in Los Angeles — known colloquially as lunch truck vendors orloncheros— found themselves subject to a municipal ordinance that severely limited the amount of time that they could sell food in public streets. Under the new local law, catering trucks were required to move every thirty minutes (if parked in a residential zone) or sixty minutes (if parked in a commercial zone) to a location at least one-half mile away. Vendors who did not comply were subject to steep fines. This Essay examines the work of the UCLA criminal defense clinic on behalf of a grassroots group of lunch truck operators that formed to contest, and ultimately invalidate, the Los Angeles ordinance. Specifically, this Essay assesses the clinic's effort to link an individual client's defense to a broader community-based campaign to organize immigrant workers around legal reform. Toward this end, Part I offers a descriptive account of theloncheros' political mobilization to challenge the Los Angeles durational restriction and of the clinic's legal work on behalf of an individual vendor to advance that goal. Part II draws on theloncherocase study to examine three underappreciated aspects of criminal defense practice and, by extension, criminal clinics: law reform, problem solving across the civil-criminal line, and community mobilization. In sum, this Essay contributes the story of theloncherosas a case study in clinical process, while also using it to explore alternative conceptions of the criminal defense attorney's role.

Structural factors that provide advantages for modern (post-1965) vs earlier (turn-of-the-century) immigrants to the US in transmitting their language & cultural traditions to their descendants are explored, drawing on census data & findings from previous research. Comparison of the major US cities & states with foreign-born populations in 1910 & 1990 reveals that contemporary immigrants enjoy a higher level of residential concentration than their earlier counterparts, making it easier to maintain their language & culture. In addition, continued immigration flows ensure the maintenance of ethnic communities, whereas restrictive policies in the early 20th century limited the size of such enclaves. Modern immigrants also have greater proximity to their home countries (through improved transportation) & are better able to maintain strong transnational ties (by virtue of advanced communication & media technologies). Bi- & multicultural policies, particularly those relating to education, also support immigrant parents in ensuring that their children retain their native language & cultures, in contrast to the emphasis on assimilation into Anglo society that marked the earlier era. 1 Table, 65 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

This paper examines the chances for immigrants on the European job market. The data represents a one percent sample of the German population of the Micro census for the years 1998, 2000 and 2003 and Eurostat Labour Force Survey data. The issue addressed is how the academic and occupational level of education (participation in education), labour participation, professional status, unemployment rate, income, female labour participation and atypical occupation (structure of employment) of the foreigners differ from the native population. We find that foreigners in EU countries are more likely to be unemployed and are often in lower segments of the labour market. European comparisons of the labour market situation shows that the acknowledgment of foreign degrees, discrimination, supporting measures and the labour market policy have to be taken into account, as well as the (country-specific) human capital, language skills and the immigrants' participation in education. ; Mithilfe des Mikrozensus 1998, 2000 und 2000 und dem Eurostat Labour Force Survey werden die Möglichkeiten für Immigranten auf dem europäischen Arbeitsmarkt untersucht. Es wird das akademische und berufliche Ausbildungsniveau (Bildungsbeteiligung), die Erwerbsbeteiligung, die Stellung im Beruf, die Arbeitslosenrate, das Einkommen, die Frauenerwerbsquote und atypische Beschäftigung (Beschäftigungsstruktur) von Einheimischen und Migranten verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass EU Ausländer eher arbeitslos sind und sich eher in niedrigeren Segmenten des Arbeitsmarkts befinden. Der europäische Vergleich der Arbeitsmarktsituation Mithilfe des Mikrozensus 1998, 2000 und 2000 und dem Eurostat Labour Force Survey werden die Möglichkeiten für Immigranten auf dem europäischen Arbeitsmarkt untersucht. Es wird das akademische und berufliche Ausbildungsniveau (Bildungsbeteiligung), die Erwerbsbeteiligung, die Stellung im Beruf, die Arbeitslosenrate, das Einkommen, die Frauenerwerbsquote und atypische Beschäftigung (Beschäftigungsstruktur) von Einheimischen und Migranten verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass EU Ausländer eher arbeitslos sind und sich eher in niedrigeren Segmenten des Arbeitsmarkts befinden. Der europäische Vergleich der Arbeitsmarktsituation zeigt, dass sowohl die Anerkennung ausländischer Bildungsabschlusse, Diskriminierung, die Hilfsmanahmen und die Arbeitsmarktpolitik als auch das (landesspezifische) Humankapital, Sprachkenntnisse und die Bildungsbeteiligung zu berücksichtigen sind, zeigt, dass sowohl die Anerkennung ausländischer Bildungsabschlüsse, Diskriminierung, die Hilfsmanahmen und die Arbeitsmarktpolitik als auch das (landesspezifische) Humankapital, Sprachkenntnisse und die Bildungsbeteiligung zu berücksichtigen sind.

1. Introduction -- 2. Collateral Damage in a Political Game -- 3. The Interwoven Trio: Immigration, Representative Government and Transportation -- 4. Land, Labour and the Economic Development of New South Wales -- 5. When Wealth Equals Worth -- 6. Impossible Standards: Gender Norms and the Rejection of Single Female Immigrants -- 7. Adversity Absent Compassion: The Migrant Experience -- 8. Conclusion.

Intro -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Cultural and Fiscal Politics of Immigrant Services and Ethnic Community Organizations -- Ecological and Immigrant Network Theories and Conceptualizing Ethnic Community Organizations -- Typology and History of Asian Immigration to the United States -- Major Chinese and Vietnamese Community Issues and Conditions -- Immigrant Service Research, Analysis, and Discovery -- History and Financial Status of Chinese and Vietnamese Community Organizations -- Structure and Challenges of Chinese and Vietnamese Community Organizations -- Resource Dependence and Chinese and Vietnamese Community Organizations -- Chinese and Vietnamese Immigrant Adjustment, Capacity Building, and Community Organization -- Social Capital and Chinese and Vietnamese Community Organizations -- Competing Community Service Agendas - Cultural Preservation versus American Incorporation -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- References -- Index.