La presente obra, resultado del proyecto de investigaci?n titulado ?Formaci?n de maestros en Antioquia y Choc?: una perspectiva en clave de educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a (2017-2018)? se constituye, sin lugar a dudas, en una valiosa l?nea de base y apuesta epist?mica que permite resemantizar aquellos complejos procesos que cohabitan en la formaci?n de todos aquellos maestros que, de una u otra forma, se convierten en protagonistas y escritores de diversas realidades escolares. Resulta tambi?n menester hacer alusi?n a esta valiosa y madura reflexi?n acad?mica, como el fruto de un estricto quehacer investigativo, enmarcado en un generoso lenguaje interdisciplinar. Trabajo que no hubiese podido gestarse sin el apoyo incondicional de la Asociaci?n Colombiana de Facultades de Educaci?n ?Ascofade?, en colaboraci?n con las Facultades de Educaci?n pertenecientes al cap?tulo Antioquia-Choc?. El lector podr? relacionarse y evidenciar en esta obra aquellas polifon?as que resultan propias, pr?ximas y cercanas a todas aquellas pr?cticas discursivas relacionadas con educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a que act?an como marco referencial en esos actos y ejercicios que convocan y movilizan procesos de formaci?n de maestros y maestras en algunas facultades de educaci?n y normales superiores de Antioquia. En otras palabras, el lector podr? adentrarse en algunos secretos e intimidades propias de la formaci?n de maestros y maestras, a partir de los saberes y vivencias que estudiantes, docentes y egresados de estas instituciones ponen de manifiesto en el desarrollo de este ejercicio investigativo. En este sentido, el texto ofrece interesantes materias, nociones, ideas, concepciones, met?foras, presencias y ausencias que, con respecto a la diversidad, resoluci?n pac?fica de conflictos, convivencia, formaci?n pol?tica, justicia social, igualdad, entre otras categor?as, evidencian la urdimbre, los tejidos y las tensiones que, bien har?amos en referir, se constituyen en elementos consustanciales al acto formativo del maestro en clave de educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a. ; This work, the result of the research project entitled "Teacher training in Antioquia and Choc?: a perspective in terms of peace education and citizenship building (2017-2018)" is undoubtedly a valuable baseline and epistemic bet that allows resemanticising those complex processes that cohabit in the training of all those teachers who, in one way or another, become protagonists and writers of various school realities. It is also necessary to refer to this valuable and mature academic reflection as the fruit of strict research work, framed in a generous interdisciplinary language. This work would not have been possible without the unconditional support of the Colombian Association of Faculties of Education -Ascofade-, in collaboration with the Faculties of Education belonging to the Antioquia-Choc? chapter. In this work, the reader will be able to relate to and see the polyphonies that are typical, close and close to all those discursive practices related to peace education and citizenship building that act as a referential framework in those acts and exercises that convene and mobilise teacher training processes in some faculties of education and teacher training colleges in Antioquia. In other words, the reader will be able to enter into some of the secrets and intimacies of teacher training, based on the knowledge and experiences that students, teachers and graduates of these institutions reveal in the development of this research exercise. In this sense, the text offers interesting subjects, notions, ideas, conceptions, metaphors, presences and absences that, with respect to diversity, peaceful conflict resolution, coexistence, political education, social justice, equality, among other categories, show the warp, weave and tensions that, we would do well to refer, constitute consubstantial elements of the teacher training act in terms of education for peace and citizenship building. ; Rionegro ; Formaci?n de maestros en Antioquia y Choc?: una perspectiva en clave de educaci?n para la paz y construcci?n de ciudadan?a
Abstract: The use of digital technology in architecture and art is associated often with the collaboration of interdisciplinary teams in participatory and experimental spaces, especially in the Media Lab model or its variants, such as the City Lab, Living Lab, the New Media Art and even the World Wide Lab. This is a model that combines the premises of the technological and innovation hand advanced users and whose clear precedents are, on the one hand, Russian Constructivism, and decades later the MIT hand Nicholas Negroponte. In the first case, in the Constructivism, there may be mentioned emblematic examples such as the Experimental Laboratory Building Kinetics of Proletkult in Moscow, Workshops Higher Education Arts and Techniques (VKHUTEMAS) founded in 1920, or the Group of Constructivists in Action the Institute of Artistic Culture (1921). The second case, the model Media Lab, Media Laboratory English acronym, translated as "Media Lab", originated in 1985 within the "Group of Architecture and Machines". The group has its immediate precedent in the draft Computer Aided Design (1959-1967), funded to maximize military power and whose director was Douglas T. Ross; it was addressing the man-machine complementary binding and design computationally, with a direct applicability of the technology. This model will be adopted by the architects of the Institute to raise new urban proposals based on component technology and social utopias. Also within the Media Lab, emerged in the late nineties, the term Living Lab hand WJ Mitchell and referred to urban planning using digital tools and with the involvement of the people themselves, albeit with different "degrees of citizen participation". This ever-closer union between man and machine is the direct consequence of the unstoppable digital revolution that is transforming the ways of city planning. Resumen: El uso de tecnología digital en arquitectura y arte va asociado, con frecuencia, a la colaboración de equipos interdisciplinares en espacios participativos y experimentales, especialmente en el modelo Media Lab o sus variantes, como el City Lab, el Living Lab, el New Media Art e incluso el World Wide Lab. Se trata de un modelo que aúna las premisas de lo tecnológico y la innovación, de la mano de usuarios avanzados y cuyos precedentes claros son, por un lado, el Constructivismo ruso, y décadas después el MIT de la mano de Nicholas Negroponte. En el primer caso, dentro del Constructivismo, pueden citarse ejemplos emblemáticos como el Laboratorio Experimental de Construcciones Cinéticas del Proletkult en Moscú, los Talleres de Enseñanza Superior de las Artes y las Técnicas (VKHUTEMAS) fundados en 1920, o el Grupo de Constructivistas en Acción del Instituto de Cultura Artística (1921). El segundo caso, el modelo Media Lab, acrónimo del inglés Media Laboratory, traducido como "Laboratorio de medios de comunicación", tiene su origen en 1985 en el seno del "Grupo de Arquitectura y Máquinas". Dicho grupo tiene su precedente inmediato en el Proyecto de Diseño Asistido por Computador (1959-67), financiado para maximizar el poderío bélico y cuyo director fue Douglas T. Ross; se trataba de abordar la unión complementaria hombre-máquina y el diseño en términos computacionales, con una aplicabilidad directa de la tecnología. Este modelo será adoptado por los arquitectos del Instituto para plantear nuevas propuestas urbanas basadas en la componente tecnológica y en utopías sociales. También en el seno del Media Lab, surge, a finales de los noventa, el término Living Lab de la mano de W. J. Mitchell y referido a planificación urbana mediante herramientas digitales y con la implicación de los propios habitantes, si bien con diferentes "grados de participación ciudadana". Esta unión cada vez más estrecha entre hombre y máquina es la consecuencia directa de la imparable revolución digital que está transformando los modos de planificación de las ciudades. ; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea.
Purpose– The aim of this paper is to explore the role of actors' heterogeneity and the context of interaction on collective innovation.Design/methodology/approach– By using the six sources of heterogeneity identified by Corsaro et al. (2012) – goals, competences and skills, knowledge bases, power/position, perceptions and cultures – the authors describe the cases of two consecutive projects – ESASIM and NeWTeC – developed within Kilometro Rosso Science Park. The collaborative innovative outcome (simulation software) developed in the first phase was subsequently applied by each actor in its specific context. At the macro level, the authors define the processes that describe the role of actors' heterogeneity in both the contexts of innovation development and application; at the micro level, the authors shed some light on the role of the single actor acting simultaneously as a provider and as a user with respect to different contexts.Findings– In this paper, the processes through which actors' heterogeneity and the context of interaction influence the development of innovation (collective/macro-network level) and contribute a better understanding of collective innovation from a perspective that involves each individual actor (single-actor/micro level) are determined. These two phases are labeled in terms of "decontextualizing" and "recontextualizing", through which it will be recognized how the process of innovation depends on the social context and by the business activities that take place between the organizations. In the paper, term actor is used to refer to organizations taking part in the innovation networks as represented by their key referents.Research limitations/implications– Further research on this topic could explore not only the single sources of actors' heterogeneity but also patterns of them and their effects in the different contexts. In addition, looking at the micro level, it would be interesting to understand if, in certain specific phases of innovation development and implementation, one of the roles – provider or user – prevails over the other and which effects it generates.Practical implications– This case study has important managerial implications. First, by better understanding the role of actors in innovation networks, companies could improve their networking strategies and, consequently, increase the likelihood of their solutions satisfying the needs of the different stakeholders. Second, the management of actors' heterogeneity seems strictly related to communication practices. As a result, it would be interesting to develop communication training programs addressing companies located in science parks, built around the profiles of the actors' features, characterizing a certain project and envisioning potential contexts for the development and application of the project outcome. Due to the variety of actors involved and the changing nature of the contexts in which they operate, standardizing communication practices could, in fact, be less effective. Finally, we also see implications for the management company of the science and technology park, which should think in a more comprehensive way about the different sources of actors' heterogeneity and their potential consequences once they build interorganizational collaborations and thus interdisciplinary teams.Social implications– Using the Intellimech case, the role of actors' heterogeneity and the context interaction in innovation networks, with respect to two different levels of analysis, is explored. On the collective-macro level, the set of actors in the network was considered; on the micro level, each single business actor as part of the wider network is concentrated upon.Originality/value– This paper positions in this debate and, in particular, attempts to understand if and how actors' heterogeneity and the context of interaction influence innovation networks. In effect, while the literature includes sporadic references to the role of the two elements, they have not yet been jointly considered. To reach this goal, two levels of analysis were adopted: a macro network level considering the set of business actors collectively and a micro level looking at the single actor as part of the wider network. Empirically, this paper will describe the case of two projects developed within Intellimech, an innovation network located at Kilometro Rosso Science Park, an aggregation node of relationships and connections around innovation purposes.
Son grans els reptes que afronta el sistema d'educació a Eslovènia, Europa i en general el món per a introduir els aspectes ambientals i de salut en els programes d'estudi per a que els estudiants coneguin i comprenguin el Desenvolupament Sostenible. Els camins per a incorporar aquests temes en els programes universitaris depenen en gran part de factors com la grandària de la població i el sistema econòmic i polític de la zona. Diferents països a Europa estan estudiant diverses formes per a donar una solució a aquests fets. En el cas específic d'Eslovènia s'identificà una necessitat específica de formar professionals amb coneixements ambientals, d'epidemiologia, ecològics i de higiene. La creixent importància de l'enginyeria en les àrees abans esmentades i el potenciar la interdisciplinarietat, foren factors claus per a desenvolupar des del 1993 un programa d'Enginyeria Sanitària amb una duració de 4 anys. El ràpid desenvolupament del programa i la seva multidisciplinarietat han estat les raons principals per les que es va decidir que el programa s'impartís amb professores de dos universitats, així com amb experts de institucions i empreses. En relació amb altres sistemes universitaris similars a l'Europa de l'Est la experiència d'aquests 10 anys de treball a Eslovènia pot servir de model e fins i tot a través de la col·laboració ser adoptat en alguna altra universitat de la regió. ; Son grandes los retos que enfrenta el sistema educacional de Eslovenia, Europa y en general el mundo para lograr introducir los aspectos ambientales y de salud en los programas de estudio de tal forma que los estudiantes conozcan y comprendan el Desarrollo Sostenible. Los caminos para incorporar estos temas en los programas universitarios dependen en gran parte de factores como el tamaño de la población y el sistema económico y político de la zona. Diferentes países en Europa están tratando de formas diversas de dar solución a estos retos. En el caso específico de Eslovenia se identificó una necesidad específica de formar profesionales con conocimientos ambientales, epidemiológicos, ecológicos y de higiene. La creciente importancia de la ingeniería en las áreas antes mencionadas y el potenciar la interdisciplinariedad fueron factores claves para desarrollar desde 1993 un programa de Ingeniería Sanitaria con una duración de 4 años. El rápido desarrollo del programa y su multidisciplinariedad han sido las razones principales por las que se decidió que el programa se impartiera por profesores de dos universidades, así como expertos de instituciones y empresas. En relación con sistemas universitarios similares en Europa del Este la experiencia de estos 10 años de trabajo en Eslovenia puede servir de modelo e incluso a través de la colaboración ser adoptado en alguna otra universidad de la región. ; Great challenges are facing Slovene, European and world's educational systems in the introduction of environmental and health aspects into the curricula in such a way to empower the students with an adequate understanding and knowledge of sustainable development. Ways of incorporating these issues into the educational programme depends on broad range of factors such as number of inhabitants in the state as well as political and economic system. Different European states are trying to solve these challenges in a different manner. Due to the specificity of the Slovenia the need was recognised to educate professionals with the broad environmental, epidemiological, ecological and hygienic knowledge. The increased awareness about the importance of the engineering in the above mentioned areas and the interdisciplinary approach lead towards establishing a four year sanitary engineering programme in 1993. Its distinctive multidisciplinarity and rapid development in the field are the main reasons for the decision that selected course units are thought by professors and experts from two universities in Slovenia and other institutions as well as enterprises. Due to similar educational system in the South Eastern Europe in the past, ten years of experiences in Slovenia should be used as a model which could be, through the collaboration, adopted elsewhere in the region.
Son grans els reptes que afronta el sistema d'educació a Eslovènia, Europa i en general el món per a introduir els aspectes ambientals i de salut en els programes d'estudi per a que els estudiants coneguin i comprenguin el Desenvolupament Sostenible. Els camins per a incorporar aquests temes en els programes universitaris depenen en gran part de factors com la grandària de la població i el sistema econòmic i polític de la zona. Diferents països a Europa estan estudiant diverses formes per a donar una solució a aquests fets. En el cas específic d'Eslovènia s'identificà una necessitat específica de formar professionals amb coneixements ambientals, d'epidemiologia, ecològics i de higiene. La creixent importància de l'enginyeria en les àrees abans esmentades i el potenciar la interdisciplinarietat, foren factors claus per a desenvolupar des del 1993 un programa d'Enginyeria Sanitària amb una duració de 4 anys. El ràpid desenvolupament del programa i la seva multidisciplinarietat han estat les raons principals per les que es va decidir que el programa s'impartís amb professores de dos universitats, així com amb experts de institucions i empreses. En relació amb altres sistemes universitaris similars a l'Europa de l'Est la experiència d'aquests 10 anys de treball a Eslovènia pot servir de model e fins i tot a través de la col·laboració ser adoptat en alguna altra universitat de la regió. ; Son grandes los retos que enfrenta el sistema educacional de Eslovenia, Europa y en general el mundo para lograr introducir los aspectos ambientales y de salud en los programas de estudio de tal forma que los estudiantes conozcan y comprendan el Desarrollo Sostenible. Los caminos para incorporar estos temas en los programas universitarios dependen en gran parte de factores como el tamaño de la población y el sistema económico y político de la zona. Diferentes países en Europa están tratando de formas diversas de dar solución a estos retos. En el caso específico de Eslovenia se identificó una necesidad específica de formar profesionales con conocimientos ambientales, epidemiológicos, ecológicos y de higiene. La creciente importancia de la ingeniería en las áreas antes mencionadas y el potenciar la interdisciplinariedad fueron factores claves para desarrollar desde 1993 un programa de Ingeniería Sanitaria con una duración de 4 años. El rápido desarrollo del programa y su multidisciplinariedad han sido las razones principales por las que se decidió que el programa se impartiera por profesores de dos universidades, así como expertos de instituciones y empresas. En relación con sistemas universitarios similares en Europa del Este la experiencia de estos 10 años de trabajo en Eslovenia puede servir de modelo e incluso a través de la colaboración ser adoptado en alguna otra universidad de la región. ; Great challenges are facing Slovene, European and world's educational systems in the introduction of environmental and health aspects into the curricula in such a way to empower the students with an adequate understanding and knowledge of sustainable development. Ways of incorporating these issues into the educational programme depends on broad range of factors such as number of inhabitants in the state as well as political and economic system. Different European states are trying to solve these challenges in a different manner. Due to the specificity of the Slovenia the need was recognised to educate professionals with the broad environmental, epidemiological, ecological and hygienic knowledge. The increased awareness about the importance of the engineering in the above mentioned areas and the interdisciplinary approach lead towards establishing a four year sanitary engineering programme in 1993. Its distinctive multidisciplinarity and rapid development in the field are the main reasons for the decision that selected course units are thought by professors and experts from two universities in Slovenia and other institutions as well as enterprises. Due to similar educational system in the South Eastern Europe in the past, ten years of experiences in Slovenia should be used as a model which could be, through the collaboration, adopted elsewhere in the region.
A search for dark matter linelike signals iss performed in the vicinity of the Galactic Center by the H.E.S.S. experiment on observational data taken in 2014. An unbinned likelihood analysis iss developed to improve the sensitivity to linelike signals. The upgraded analysis along with newer data extend the energy coverage of the previous measurement down to 100 GeV. The 18 h of data collected with the H.E.S.S. array allow one to rule out at 95% C.L. the presence of a 130 GeV line (at l=-1.5°, b=0° and for a dark matter profile centered at this location) previously reported in Fermi-LAT data. This new analysis overlaps significantly in energy with previous Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. RESULTS: No significant excess associated with dark matter annihilations was found in the energy range of 100 GeV to 2 TeV and upper limits on the gamma-ray flux and the velocity weighted annihilation cross section are derived adopting an Einasto dark matter halo profile. Expected limits for present and future large statistics H.E.S.S. observations are also given. ; The support of the Namibian authorities and of the University of Namibia in facilitating the construction and operation of H.E.S.S. is gratefully acknowledged, as is the support by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the Max Planck Society, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the French Ministry for Research, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules and the Astroparticle Interdisciplinary Programme of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Charles University, the Czech Science Foundation, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the South African Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation, and the University of Namibia. We appreciate the excellent work of the technical support staff in Berlin, Durham, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Palaiseau, Paris, Saclay, and Namibia in the construction and operation of the equipment. R. C. G. Chaves Funded by European Union Seventh Framework Programme Marie Curie, Grant Agreement No. PIEF-GA-2012-332350. ; Peer-reviewed ; Publisher Version
The Natural City: Re-Envisioning the Built Environment.Edited by INGRID LEMAN STEFANOVIC and STEPHEN BEDE SCHARPER. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. $35.00Reviewed by Madison Van WestEditors Ingrid Leman Stefanovic and Stephen Bede Scharper believe that there is something unnatural about our cities, but not for the reasons you might think. It is not the concrete, or the high-rises, or the cars—at least not necessarily. Our cities are unnatural because individuals within them lack a sense of place. They lack a spiritual connection to the built environment, and they lack an understanding that our cities are as much a part of the ecological system as trees and meadows. The task of The Natural City: Re-Envisioning the Built Environment is to begin the work of reconnecting the urban to the natural so that individuals might live more fulfilling and sustainable lives. It is an essential read for anyone involved in city-building, or for city-dwellers looking to gain a new perspective on their role in the urban environment.Each of the volume's four sections takes a different theoretical approach to "natural city." The first section lays the philosophical groundwork for the reader to better understand the natural/urban divide and the pervasive sense that cities are somewhere other than nature, as are the humans that live within them. This viewpoint is an appropriate starting place for the collection, and a theme that runs throughout, as it informs how we approach environmental issues generally and how we build our cities specifically. Technocracy and expert opinion reigns in planning and architecture, usually at the expense of meaning and purpose within our urban spaces that responds to our needs as human beings. Peter Timmerman, in his chapter, is not surprised by this separation, as our literary and philosophical history has been preoccupied with the urban and human mastery over the natural for some time.In the second section, we see that temples, mosques, churches, and other sacred spaces are not the only built forms imbued with spiritual meaning. In the natural city, the entire city would reflect and respond to the spiritual needs of its inhabitants. This does not presume a single cosmological understanding shared by all, but instead a common understanding that the city is more than its physical composition. Vincent Shen explains that this is logical for Daoists, who view the Dao as being embodied in the way we create and navigate cities. In his chapter, Stephen Scharper argues that religion is not a necessary element of this shift. He cites Aldo Leopold's land ethic as means to facilitate this ideological shift in urban planning to focus on the integrity of the biotic community rather than solely the human community. This perspective is, in my view, among the most important contributions to literature on urban planning, which is notably lacking in discussions of religion and spirituality in the built environment.The third section focuses on the role of society in the natural city, both as creator and inhabitant, with an eclectic group of authors whose connection to one another is not always readily apparent. For example, Richard Oddie's work on acoustic ecology and soundscapes in cities bumps up against Trish Glazebrook's ecofeminist approach to engaging the cityzenry (her term to distinguish residents of a city vs. residents of a nation). This section also offers an international perspective through John B. Cobb, Jr.'s case study of China and Shubhra Gururani's of India, which describes the challenges of sustainable development and the impact of development on society's ability to access the necessities of life, respectively. The chapters in this section may appear dissimilar, but they find common ground in themes of politics, citizenship, quality of life, and urban development.To close, the final section considers praxis, or the linking of theory and practice in building the natural city. William Woodsworth makes explicit the fact that the City of Toronto is built on the land of Aboriginal communities, and their legacy remains in both the artifacts still under the ground and the modern architecture that channels the spirit of the city's former inhabitants. Complementing this historical approach, Robert Mugerauer writes of city-building that reflects ecological systems within nature; healthy cities with clean air and soil and thriving watersheds. Above all, this section highlights the fact that cities are always changing, and it is our responsibility to guide that change in a way that reflects the human need for creativity, the biological need for adaptability, and the need for all life to thrive into the future.Though only a few chapters were mentioned above, it is clear that this collection is truly interdisciplinary; offering works in the field of philosophy, anthropology, theology, engineering, architecture, and more. This breadth exposes readers to many fields of study that may not always be in communication with each other. The virtues of interdisciplinary learning have been widely espoused, especially in environmental studies, but in this context it is especially important, as the task of creating the natural city will involve the collaboration of entire societies. The collection also manages the challenge of discussing complicated concepts in clear language, successfully balancing a depth of analysis and accessibility of concepts.So, what does the natural city look like, and how do we get there? In the end, the answer is not explicitly clear. What is clear from the collection is that to discover the natural city requires a paradigm shift; a change in thinking that will compel individuals to view urban environments not as cold or devoid of life, but instead as natural spaces full of inherited spirit, meaning, and potential. This collection starts the dialogue on reintegrating the natural with the urban; an essential topic for the survival of human and non-human alike. ~MADISON VAN WEST is a Masters in Environmental Studies and Planning Candidate at York University. She is currently working to uncover new forms of public involvement and community engagement in city building.
This collective monograph, titled Kosta P. Manojlović and the Idea of Slavic and Balkan Cultural Unificaton (1918–1941), is the result of research by fourteen scholars from Russia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Portugal, Great Britain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia, which were partly presented at an international conference organized by the Muzikološki institut SANU [Institute of Musicology SASA] in November 2016. Kosta P. Manojlović (1890–1946) is one of the most important Serbian musicians and musical intellectuals of the interwar period. His musical activities were diverse and fuitful. As a composer, he was a proponent of the "national style", which was primarily reflected in choral music. In this domain he left pieces of lasting value, such as Sever duva [The North Wind blows] for the mixed choir. His melographic and ethnomusicological work dedicated to Serbian musical folklore is of great significance. He was a pioneer of Serbian musical historiography and a proliferous critic who collaborated with numerous journals and dailies from Yugoslavia and abroad. Kosta Manojlović was also a long-standing Choirmaster of the Beogradsko pevačko društvo [Belgrade Choral Society] and the Pevačko društvo "Mokranjac" [Mokranjac Choral Society]. An important part of his activities was devoted to the administration of musical organizations and institutions. For instance, Manojlović was one of the founders and the Secretary-General of the Južnoslovenski pevački savez [South-Slav Choral Union]. Among his most important achievements in this respect was the opening of the Muzička akademija [Music Academy] in Belgrade in 1937, where he served as the first Chancellor. Research on Kosta Manojlović is scant. In 1990, the Faculty of Music in Belgrade published an anthology titled U spomen Koste P. Manojlovića, kompozitora i etnomuzikologa [Kosta P. Manojlović, composer and ethnomusicologist. In memoriam], comprised mostly of students' papers dedicated to the investigation of his various activities. Insights on Manojlović's contributions can be found in a number of studies by Serbian musicologists and ethnomusicologists, but a detailed monograph devoted to his life and works has not yet been published, nor has a complete bibliography of his writings. For that reason, scholars from the Institute of Musicology SASA in Belgrade resolved to organize an international conference and to prepare a collective monograph focusing on Manojlović's diverse accomplishments. Traces of dominant and less influential ideological and political currents of the first half of the 20th century can be observed in Manojlović's work. As such, the editors decided to bring to light the historical and cultural settings in which Manojlović acted, and more thoroughly examine his numerous activities. This volume is divided into five parts, an introductory section and four thematic units. The introduction comprises one study: Ivana Vesić (Belgrade) and Vesna Peno (Belgrade) have given an overview of Kosta Manojlović's social "networking" and ideological horizons in Yugoslav public and musical spheres from 1919 to 1949, focusing on less well-known facts from his life and the biographies of his fellow composers and musical intellectuals. The first thematic part, titled Balkan and Slavic peoples in the first half of the 20th century: Intercultural contacts, contains three studies. Olga Pashina (Moscow) explores cultural relations between Slavic peoples on the example of the concert tours of Ivan T. Ryabinin, a famous Russian story teller, to Serbia and Bulgaria in 1902. Stefanka Georgieva (Stara Zagora) analyzes the presence of the idea of Slavic cultural unification in Bulgarian musical culture of the interwar period, concentrating on collaborations of various kinds between Yugoslav and Bulgarian musicians, including Kosta P. Manojlović. Ivan Ristić (Kruševac) examines Manojlović's work on Yugoslav-Bulgarian cultural rapprochement, taking into consideration the political and cultural relations between the two countries during the 1920s. The second part, made up of four studies, is titled The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia between ideology and reality. As Secretary-General of the South-Slav Choral Union [SSCS] (1924–1932), Kosta Manojlović was faced with the complex issue of creating an internal institutional arrangement of this national organization. Strong disagreements over the Union's structure and authority indicate the marked polarization of views on the national question in the Kingdom of SCS/Yugoslavia. Biljana Milanović (Belgrade) discusses Manojlović's contribution to the foundation and policies of the SSCS, while Nada Bezić (Zagreb) focuses on relations between the Hrvatski pjevački savez [Croatian Choral Union] and the SSCS from 1924 to 1934. Srđan Atanasovski (Belgrade) investigates Kosta Manojlović's research into musical folklore from the perspective of interwar narratives on "Southern Serbia". Ivana Vesić (Belgrade) centers on Manojlović's collaboration with the Balkanski institut [Institute for Balkan Studies] (1934–1941), taking into account his views on the unification of Balkan and Slavic peoples. The third part, titled Kosta P. Manojlović and church music, contains three papers. Vesna Peno (Belgrade) examines Manojović's role in the construction of theory of Belgrade church chant. Bogdan Đaković (Novi Sad) brings this composer's ecclesiastical choral music into focus, along with his compositional procedures and style. Ivan Moody (Lisbon) considers the approach of Serbian and Bulgarian composers of church music to problems of tradition and modernity in the early 20th century. Finally, the fourth part is comprised of papers that deal with Kosta P. Manojlović as choirmaster, critic and pedagogue. Verica Grmuša (London) explores Manojlović's various activities during his studies of music at Oxford University from 1917 to 1919. Predrag Đoković (Sarajevo) discusses Manojlović's performance and analysis of early music in the interwar years. Aleksandar Vasić (Belgrade) explores Manojlović's achievements in musical criticism, concentrating on his writings published between the two wars in Belgrade's music journals. The final years of Manojlović's life, including his position in newly founded communist Yugoslavia, are surveyed by Ivana Medić (Belgrade). This monograph is the result of interdisciplinary and multifocal research into Kosta Manojlović's life and works. We hope it will stimulate further investigation into the invaluable contributions of this Serbian composer and intellectual to music production, education and research. ; This collective monograph, titled Kosta P. Manojlović and the Idea of Slavic and Balkan Cultural Unificaton (1918-1941), is the result of research by fourteen scholars from Russia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Portugal, Great Britain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia, which were partly presented at an international conference organized by the Muzikološki institut SANU (Institute of Musicology SASA) in November 2016.
The purpose of this project is to create new knowledge on how cooperating public service providers implement their rights and duties regarding confidentiality and disclosure. Agencies include the health and welfare services, the police, correctional services, the Child Welfare Services, kindergartens and schools. We have examined whether the practices comply with the rules and regulations, as the authorities have interpreted them in guidelines and informational publications and identified the causes of noncompliance. The main research questions have been: - To what extent do the informants have knowledge of confidentiality and disclosure obligations? - To what extent have guidelines and informational publications contributed to an awareness of the rules? - To what extent is the duty of confidentiality an obstacle for cooperation? - What other potential obstacles to cooperation exist? - If cooperation with other agencies is limited, what are the causes? - Are participants aware of the legal exceptions in exercising the duty of confidentiality? - To which extent do participants obtain consent from involved parties? What challenges in obtaining consent arise in cases involving children and parents? - To what extent is anonymisation used to facilitate collaboration, in which ways and how does it work? - How well known are The Child Welfare Service's and Social Welfare's duties to inform, and to what extent is it fulfilled? - To what extent does the Child Welfare Service comply with its duty to give feedback? Design /methodological approach We conducted a literature review, to determine what evidence exists in this field. An analysis of documents was done to study the legal aspects, and specify the normative framework for assessing practice. Four municipalities and a borough of Oslo were selected for this study. Semi structured interviews and a structured survey were carried out with employees in the following sectors: primary health services, somatic and psychiatric specialist health services, public administration, the Child Welfare Services, kindergartens, schools, The Educational and Psychological Counselling Service, the police, correctional services, and the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Service. Three principle findings The rules regarding the duty of confidentiality are generally perceived to be valuable and necessary. All our participants had knowledge of the confidentiality obligation and its implications. Furthermore all participants were aware of the consent and anonymisation exceptions. Therefore these means are used extensively as grounds to share sensitive information. A key response from practitioners in the field is that they do not perceive the rules regarding the duty of confidentiality to be obstacles to cooperation. On the contrary, the informants state that the existing rules, especially the exception rule, are sufficient to communicate essential information between services and agencies. A new approach to cooperation and interaction has been a result of the increased focus on these issues in the latter years. The participants experience that clients or users of their services take part in a different way than before. They express that practice is changing, and that their work is now more client focused. Nonetheless, the participants report that not all necessary information is exchanged, and they want better collaboration between agencies. It remains unclear whether the regulations themselves or other factors determine if information actually gets shared. This is as much a matter of trust between agencies, personal relationships and experiences with previous partners, as it is a lack of acknowledgement of, or capacity to, understand other agencies' informational needs. A second issue is that the participants rarely read laws, informational publications or guidelines, even if they are insecure about the current rules. The participants report that that they barely know the different guidelines, that they aren't available at their place of work, or that they are available, but still don't read them. The different services and agencies vary with regard to training on the duty of confidentiality and cooperation, and which aspects they focus on. There is consistency between the manager's knowledge of and preoccupation with the regulations, and each employee's confidence in their knowledge of the regulations. The third major finding is that the rules about exceptions are not well-known. Some of the participants are aware of the exceptions in the laws governing their field of work, but the vast majority have never read the relevant sections of the law. The participants' knowledge of The Health Personnel Act section 23 no. 4 is especially inadequate. The Public Administration Act section 13b no. 5 and no. 6. are also not well-known to the informants, but they have somewhat better knowledge of the limitations to the duty of confidentiality in the special legislation. The duty to disclose information to the Child Welfare Service is well-known amongst the participants. A large majority state that this duty is fulfilled according to the intentions of the law. The duty to disclose information to other agencies, like the police or welfare services, is less familiar. The Child Welfare Services duty to give feedback to someone who makes a report is well-known by most informants. Although, dissatisfaction is expressed over the lack of feedback from the Child Welfare Service when one self has sent a concern to them. The need for additional knowledge in this field. This project has generated new knowledge in a field where little evidence exists. Our findings have contributed to advancing our understanding of the normative framework experienced impacts actual knowledge, and practice. The field of health and welfare research is dominated by relatively specialized research. There are few cross disciplinary projects involving practitioners and academics. There are many students and employees in these fields of study, and a vast and complicated set of laws and regulations. Many of the students, practically all, are trained in one of the fields that are represented in our study. Many of those practice only one profession. The research is similarly limited to one field. In our opinion the challenges ahead, in the area of health and welfare, are between the various professions, laws and their guidelines. The users of public services need additional evidence across fields and that practitioners can manage both practice and a wider scope of legal understanding. There have been few extensive research programs that have included interdisciplinary and interagency research. One example is a program The Research Council of Norway had for a national action plan on mental health from 2001–2009. Our research project may be seen as a follow up of this research, but with a more limited framework. We do not have knowledge of other studies that have included as many laws and professional fields in the same study. The July 22. 2011 tragedy, has shown the need to improve communication, and practice across services and agencies. While revisions of laws are possible and better coordination of laws, regulations and guidelines continue, we look forward to participating in new inter- and multi disciplinary research projects. ; Formålet med dette prosjektet har vært å framskaffe mer kunnskap om praktiseringen av taushetsplikten, opplysningsretten og opplysningsplikten mellom samarbeidende tjenester/etater, blant andre helse- og omsorgstjenestene, politiet, kriminalomsorgen, barnevernet, barnehage og skole. Prosjektet har gjennom litteraturstudier, dokumentanalyse, intervjuer og en spørreskjemaundersøkelse generert ny og viktig tverrfaglig kunnskap på et felt med lite forskning fra før.
Das »Jahrbuch Politisches Denken« 2016 ist von der Kontroverse geprägt. Ein aktueller Schwerpunkt diskutiert die Grundlagen und den Stand des europäischen Integrationsprozesses. Frank-Lothar Kroll legt die historischen und geopolitischen Fundamente frei, auf denen ein europäisches Denken Fuß gefaßt hat. Jürgen Gebhardt macht darauf aufmerksam, dass eine Europäische Union sich nur dann sinnvoll selbst verstehen kann, wenn sie sich als Teil der Konstruktion des »Westens« in transatlantischer Perspektive begreift. Karl A. Schachtschneider formuliert eine fundamentale Kritik am Integrationsprozess der Europäischen Union aus der Perspektive des Staatsrechtslehrers. Diese Kritik kann mit Emanuel Richter als eines jener »neuen Narrative« eingeordnet werden, das als solches zur Demokratisierung der EU gehört. Kontrovers geht es auch in den weiteren Beiträgen zu, wenn Manuel Becker den »Mythos Humboldt« auf den Prüfstand stellt, wenn Rainer Enskat pointiert gegen die derzeitige Hochschulpolitik polemisiert und Felix Dirsch die Wertgrundlagen der Demokratie untersucht. Hinzu kommen die beachtenswerten Interpretationen, die die Italiener Cristiana Senigaglia und Pierpaolo Ciccarelli zu den deutschen Denkern Max Weber, Edmund Husserl und Leo Strauss vorlegen. Die Buchkritiken, die den Band 26 abrunden, behandeln neue Publikationen von und über Lothar Fritze, Raul Heimann, Otfried Höffe, Christoph Hübner, Aurel Kolnai, Wolfgang Neugebauer, Samuel Salzborn und Carl Schmitt. The Jahrbuch Politisches Denken (»Yearbook of Political Thought«) has been appearing since 1991 in collaboration with the Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des Politischen Denkens or German Society for Research into Political Thought (DGEPD). In keeping with the aims of the Society, the Yearbook promotes interdisciplinary scholarly research on political thought internationally and in its entire breadth, as well as exchange between political thought and practical politics. All manuscripts submitted must go through an anonymous review process. Manuscripts should not exceed 50,000 characters in length. Please submit your manuscripts (in English or German) to the editorial board. Editorial Board address: Prof. Dr. Clemens Kauffmann, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Politische Philosophie und Ideengeschichte, Kochstr. 4/21, 91054 Erlangen. Email: Clemens.Kauffmann@fau.de The main topic of volume 26 comprises the basic principles and current status of the process of European integration. The subject is presented from the differing standpoints of the historian, the teacher of public law and political theory. Other articles provide a critical examination of the »myth of Humboldt«, offer a polemic against current higher education policy in Germany, and discuss the basic values of democracy. In two further contributions, Italian authors consider German theorists such as Max Weber, Edmund Husserl and Leo Strauss. The book reviews that round out the volume deal with new publications by and about Lothar Fritze, Raul Heimann, Otfried Höffe, Christoph Hübner, Aurel Kolnai, Wolfgang Neugebauer, Samuel Salzborn, and Carl Schmitt. Das »Jahrbuch Politisches Denken« erscheint seit 1991 in Zusammenarbeit mit der »Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des Politischen Denkens« (DGEPD). Den Zielen der Gesellschaft entsprechend fördert das Jahrbuch die interdisziplinäre wissenschaftliche Forschung, die das politische Denken international und in seiner ganzen Breite zum Gegenstand hat, sowie den Austausch zwischen politischem Denken und praktischer Politik. Hans-Christof Kraus studierte Geschichte, Germanistik und Philosophie an der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen. 1992 Promotion im Fach Mittlere und Neuere Geschichte. Berufliche Tätigkeit und akademische Lehre an verschiedenen Forschungsinstitutionen und Hochschulen, u.a. in Berlin, München, Speyer, Stuttgart, Jena. 2002 Habilitation für das Fach Neuere und Neueste Geschichte an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Seit 2007 Ordinarius und Lehrstuhlinhaber für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte an der Universität Passau. Mitglied u.a. der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, der Kommission für die Geschichte des Parlamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin, der Preußischen Historischen Kommission. Frank-Lothar Kroll studierte Geschichte, Kunstgeschichte, Germanistik, Philosophie und Religionswissenschaften in Bonn und Köln. 1987 Promotion; 1992 Präsident der Werner Bergengruen-Gesellschaft e.V.; 1995 Habilitation in Erlangen; 1996 Louis Ferdinand Preis des Preußeninstituts; Professurvertretungen an den Universitäten Erlangen und Dresden; 2000 Professurvertretung und spätere Berufung auf die Professur für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte / Europäische Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts an der TU Chemnitz. Seit 2006 Vorsitzender der Preußischen Historischen Kommission und seit 2011 1. Vorsitzender der Prinz-Albert-Gesellschaft e.V.; u.a. Mitglied im Wissenschaftlichen Beirat des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München, der Forschungsgemeinschaft 20. Juli 1944 e.V. und der Ranke-Gesellschaft. Peter Nitschke, Dr. phil. habil., Studium der Neueren Geschichte, der Philosophie und der Politikwissenschaft an der Universität Münster (1981–89). Preisträger der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, hist.-philos. Klasse (1989). Habilitationsstipendiat der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung (1990–93), Gastprofessuren in Münster, Essen und am Kulturwissenschaftlichen Institut (1994–97). Universitätsprofessor für Wissenschaft von der Politik an der Universität Vechta seit 1997, Gründungsdirektor des Instituts für Sozialwissenschaften (2000), Vizepräsident für Forschung und Nachwuchsförderung (2002–04), Geschäftsführer der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des Politischen Denkens (DGEPD) seit 2007. Forschungsschwerpunkte in der Politischen Theorie und Ideengeschichte, der Europapolitik und der Globalisierung. Martyn P. Thompson is Associate Professor and Senior Political Theorist in the Department of Political Science. His main fields of interest are the history of political thought since the Renaissance, literature and politics, and contemporary German political philosophy. Professor Thompson has two doctorates, the first from the London School of Economics, the second (the Habilitation) from Tuebingen University. He has been a faculty member in the universities of London, Cambridge and Tuebingen. His honors include a Fellow Commonership at Churchill College, Cambridge University; Fellowships at the Huntington Library and the William Andrews Clark Library in California; and honorary life membership of the R.G. Collingwood Society. Professor Thompson founded the Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung des politischen Denkens in 1989. He was President of the International Conference for the Study of Political Thought from 1995 to 2002 and he was President of the Michael Oakeshott Association from 2008 to 2010.
Integrated Circuits are used in most people's lives in the modern societies. An important branch of research and technology is focused on Integrated Circuit (IC) design, fabrication, and their efficient applications; moreover most of these activities are about commercial productions with applications in ambient environment. However the ICs play very important role in very advance research fields, as Astronomy or High Energy Physics experiments, with absolutely extreme environments which require very interdisciplinary research orientations and innovative solutions. For example, the Fast TracKer (FTK) electronic system, which is an important part of triggering system in ATLAS experiment at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), in every second of experiment selects 200 interesting events among 40 millions of total events due to collision of accelerated protons. The FTK function is based on ICs which work as Content Addressable Memory (CAM). A CAM compares the income data with stored data and gives the addresses of matching data as an output. The amount of calculation in FTK system is out of capacity of commercial ICs even in very advanced technologies, therefore the development of innovative ICs is required. The high power consumption due to huge amount of calculation was an important limitation which is overcome by an innovative architecture of CAM in this dissertation. The environment of ICs application in astrophysics and High Energy Physics experiments is different from commercial ICs environment because of high amount of radiation. This fact started to get seriously attention after the first "Telstar I" satellite failure because of electronic damages due to radiation effects in space, and opened a new field of research mostly about radiation hard electronics. The multidisciplinary research in radiation hard electronic field is about radiation effects on semiconductors and ICs, deep understanding about the radiation in the extreme environments, finding alternative solutions to increase the radiation tolerance of electronic components, and development of new simulation method and test techniques. Chapter 2 of this dissertation is about the radiation effects on Silicon and ICs. Moreover, In this chapter, the terminologies of radiation effects on ICs are explained. In chapter 3, the space and high energy physics experiments environments, which are two main branches of radiation hard electronics research, are studied. The radiation tolerance in on-chip circuits is achieving by two kinds of methodology: Radiation Hardening By Process (RHBP) and Radiation Hardening By Design (RHBD). RHBP is achieved by changing the conventional fabrication process of commercial ICs. RHBP is very expensive so it is out of budget for academic research, and in most cases it is exclusive for military application, with very restricted rules which make the access of non-military organizations impossible. RHBD with conventional process is the approach of radiation hard IC design in this dissertation. RHBD at hardware level can be achieved in different ways: • System level RHBD: radiation hardening at system level is achieved by algorithms which are able to extract correct data using redundant information. •Architecture level RHBD: some hardware architectures are able to prevent of lost data or mitigate the radiation effects on stored data without interfacing of software. Error Correction Code (ECC) circuits and Dual Interlocked storage CEll (DICE) architecture are two examples of RHBD at architecture level. • Circuit level RHBD: at circuit level, some structures are avoided or significantly reduced. For example, feedback loops with high gain are very sensitive to radiation effects. • Layout level RHBD: there are also different solutions in layout design level to increase the radiation tolerance of circuits. Specific shapes of transistor design, optimization of the physical distance between redundant data and efficient polarization of substrate are some techniques commonly used to increase significantly the radiation tolerance of ICs. An innovative radiation hard Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), designed in three versions, is presented in chapter 4. The radiation hardening is achieved by RHBD approach simultaneously at architecture, circuit and layout levels. Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) 65 nm is the technology of design and the prototype chip is fabricated at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC). Chapter 5 is about the development of simulation models that can help to predict the radiation effect in the behavior of SRAM block. The setup system developed to characterize the radiation hard SRAM prototype chip is presented in Chapter 5. The setup system gives the possibility of testing the prototype exposed under radiation in a vacuum chamberand regular laboratory environment. Chapter 6 is about the contribution of this dissertation on FTK project and the conclusion of all research activities is shown in the final part of this dissertation. The research activities of this dissertation in supported by Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) as part of CHIPIX65 project and RD53 collaboration at CERN.
Background The economic meltdown, coupled with the public-sector legitimacy crisis, forced public services to reconcile increasing demand with decreasing resources and, at the same time, unleashed a wave of criticism on traditional service delivery patterns. One remedy to this challenge that is gaining an increasing attention is co-production - defined as engaging citizens and, more generally, voluntary and non-profit organizations in the production of public services (Alford, 2009; Pestoff, Osborne, & Brandsen, 2006; Thomas, 2013; van Eijk & Steen, 2013). Social and health services are the most elective co-production practices in the public sector, but set the healthcare providers two major challenges. The first is to engage the patient, an ongoing process that calls for this latter to actively participate in their healthcare plan (Coulter, Parsons, & Askham, 2008). The second is to ensure that the patient engages with both their therapy and the hospital organizational system by managing the interdependency within and between 'organizational production and client co-production' (Alford & O'Flynn, 2012, p. 182) in order to govern the healthcare organization's interactions (Alford, 2009; Brandsen & van Hout, 2008). Aim This qualitative study analyses and discusses the relevant organizational challenges of co-production for the public healthcare system at the micro-level, that of the providers – hospitals, trust, local health communities, etc. The paper highlights the implementation gaps and the as-yet unsolved organizational puzzles through an analysis and discussion of the scientific literature on the implications of co-production practices and on how they are managed in actual practice. Theoretical framework The co-production analysis is informed by the "indirect government" conceptual framework to gain access to the set of tools that 'rely heavily on a wide assortment of "third parties" to deliver publicly financed services and pursue publicly authorized purposes' (Salamon, 2002, p. 2). Unlike traditional direct-government methods, this approach to public problem-solving sets fresh, sometimes unprecedented challenges and brings into play new capabilities and tools. It is not, therefore, something that 'self-implements'. On the whole, co-production is a form of indirect government requiring "concerted action across multiple sectors" (Kettl, 2006, p. 14) and actors and the taking on of new responsibilities. Kettl (2002) calls for a management approach that encompasses three key components: process (managing programs by structuring contracts and by tracking money); people (addressing people problems and the indirect government skill set); and performance (reinventing government and the performance puzzle). Research method The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one entailed an systematic interdisciplinary review of the public administration, management, and public policy literatures, mostly by trawling the main electronic databases to find scholarly articles on co-production in healthcare services. This first step enabled us to identify the theoretical and empirical contributions that investigate co-production from the specific viewpoint of the service providers. Phase two inventoried the themes, approaches and key findings of this subset of articles to draw a fairly clear picture of the conditions and capabilities needed by the healthcare providers to manage the organizational implications of co-production. Kettl's conceptual framework is the basis on which the results are then discussed and compared. Contribution 1) Up-to-date overview of the research on co-production in healthcare services. 2) Analysis of the co-production organizational challenges and how these are addressed in the practice. 3) Insights and policy indications for public managers on how government can play a supportive role in the delivery of co-produced healthcare services. References Alford, J. (2009). Engaging Public Sector Clients. From Service-Delivery to Co-production. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Alford, J., & O'Flynn, J. (2012). Rethinking Public Service Delivery. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Brandsen, T., & van Hout, E. (2008). Co-Management in Public Service Networks. The organizational effects. In V. Pestoff & T. Brandsen (Eds.), Co-Production. The Third Sector and the Delivery of Public Services (pp. 45-58). London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Coulter, A., Parsons, S., & Askham, J. (2008). Where are the patients in decision-making about their own care? Kettl, D. F. (2002). Managing indirect government. In L. M. Salamon (Ed.), The tools of government. A Guide to the New Governance (pp. 490-510). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kettl, D. F. (2006). Managing Boundaries in American Administration: the Collaboration Imperative. Public Administration Review, 66(Special Issue), 10-19. Pestoff, V., Osborne, S. P., & Brandsen, T. (2006). Patterns of co-production in public services. Public Management Review, 8(4), 591-595. Salamon, L. M. (Ed.). (2002). The tools of government. A Guide to the New Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thomas, J. C. (2013). Citizen, Customer, Partner: Rethinking the Place of the Public in Public Management. Public Administration Review, 73(6), 786-796. van Eijk, C. J. A., & Steen, T. P. S. (2013). Why People Co-Produce: Analysing citizens' perceptions on co-planning engagement in health care services. Public Management Review, 16(3), 358-382.
In: Hagander , L & Leather , A 2019 , ' A realized vision of access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care ' , British Journal of Surgery , vol. 106 , no. 2 , pp. E24-26 . https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11068
Where is the funding? In April 2015, the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery set out a vision for universal access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care when needed1. Despite policy progress and a global surge of interest in perioperative public health, the Commission blueprint remains an unfinished agenda. This welcome special BJS supplement on global surgery presents an opportunity to reflect on the lessons learned as a surgical community – with a focus on research, engagement, funding and realized vision. The Commission articulated a broad array of research themes, seven of which are found within the breadth of papers in this supplement including: policy2, quality and safety3, 4, training and education5-8, partnership6, 7, 9, information management10-12, care delivery innovation13 and burden14. However, there are four important themes that are not covered, including cost and finance, determinants and barriers, impact of disease and prevention. An even broader interdisciplinary research focus is urgently required to address questions related to the whole health system as well as political, social and economic determinants of health for patients with surgical conditions. The startling evidence that five billion people lack access to safe and affordable surgery and anaesthesia care is perhaps the most quoted of the Commission's key messages1. The healthcare delivery and management group explored patient barriers to surgical care, and promoted three bellwether procedures as signals of a functional surgical ecosystem at the level of district hospitals (caesarean section, emergency laparotomy and open fracture care). The workforce, training and education group proposed a density of at least 20 specialist providers per 100 000 population, and illustrated the dearth and global maldistribution of human resources. The economics and finance group described how surgical patients worldwide are trapped in iatrogenic poverty while needle and thread are as cost‐effective as immunizations, and that return on investments for surgery and anaesthesia would translate into considerable Gross Domestic Product losses averted. The metrics group drew up the six Lancet Commission indicators, designed to capture preparedness, delivery, and the effect of surgical and anaesthesia care with clear time‐bound targets for scale up to 2030. The Commission report concluded with a call for national surgical plans and an appraisal of global surgery research. Overall, the report aligned with health system strengthening and embedded surgery within universal health coverage. Building on the work of many individuals and organizations, the Commission facilitated global surgery progress with multiple partners across more than 100 countries. The escalating emergence of leaders, new networks and changing focus of organizations is encouraging. Key events to highlight include: Denis Mukwege winning the Nobel Prize for humanitarian surgery; Emmanuel Makasa spearheading the unanimously passed World Health Assembly resolution 68.15 on the crucial role of surgery and anaesthesia for universal health coverage15; and John Meara championing national surgical plans through intelligent, collaborative partnership. In addition, media and civil society are maintaining pressure on global surgical issues; guiding institutions such as the World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists and the College of Surgeons in East, Central and Southern Africa have made significant contributions to workforce data; new collaborations, including the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery and InciSioN (the International Student Surgical Network), have been launched; research funders have awarded grants for global surgical research; and regional colleges and specialist associations have supported the Commission's report. The World Health Organization (WHO) has endorsed the Commission indicators and their surgical lead (Walt Johnson) has brought fresh strategic thinking to the organization, and powerful support to the national planning processes16. Despite the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and a reorientation towards health system strengthening, the surgical community has yet to capitalize on global development assistance for health17. Decision‐makers do not necessarily allocate funds proportional to avertable mortality and morbidity, but demand well defined, effective interventions and credible metrics to measure success18. However, the fact that the surgical community now defines better the burden of surgical disease, and has cost‐effective interventions19 and key performance indicators, bodes well for political priority ascendance. In addition, the call for an independent accountability mechanism to track progress from Holmer and colleagues10 in this supplement is also timely and relevant. Sufficient funding from national health budgets as well as international funders should follow the imperatives that, without urgent and accelerated investment in surgical scale‐up, low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) will continue to have immense losses in economic productivity. In comparison, modest scale‐up of costs (1–8 per cent of total annual health expenditure in LMICs) would be sufficient to see returns. Strong advocacy for global surgery funding is required20, and an appropriately funded WHO should be an important starting point. The global surgery community should continue to engage with both humanitarian aid and the wider development sector to disseminate the final Commission messages: that investing in surgical services in LMICs is affordable, saves lives and promotes economic development; and that surgery is part of the health system solution for many disparate health agendas – from maternal health, to trauma, cancer and neonatal mortality. This upstream activity, as is happening in Ethiopia, Zambia, Tanzania and other countries through national surgical planning, should lead to downstream implementation for real change16. However, we must not be fooled: without funding there will be no meaningful implementation of emerging national plans and no access to safe, affordable surgical and anaesthesia care for five billion people.
Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a Model-based design facilitates to investigate multiple solutions in the infrastructure planning process. The most important reason for implementing model-based design is to help designers and to increase communication between different design parties. It decentralizes and coordinates team collaboration and facilitates faster and lossless project data exchange and management across extended teams and external partners in project lifecycle. Infrastructure are fundamental facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation, roads, communication systems, water and power networks, as well as power plants. Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) as the digital representation of the world are systems for maintaining, managing, modelling, analyzing, and visualizing of the world data including infrastructure. High level infrastructure suits mostly facilitate to analyze the infrastructure design based on the international or user defined standards. Called regulation1-based design, this minimizes errors, reduces costly design conflicts, increases time savings and provides consistent project quality, yet mostly in standalone solutions. Tasks of infrastructure usually require both model based and regulation based design packages. Infrastructure tasks deal with cross-domain information. However, the corresponding data is split in several domain models. Besides infrastructure projects demand a lot of decision makings on governmental as well as on private level considering different data models. Therefore lossless flow of project data as well as documents like regulations across project team, stakeholders, governmental and private level is highly important. Yet infrastructure projects have largely been absent from product modelling discourses for a long time. Thus, as will be explained in chapter 2 interoperability is needed in infrastructure processes. Multimodel (MM) is one of the interoperability methods which enable heterogeneous data models from various domains get bundled together into a container keeping their original format. Existing interoperability methods including existing MM solutions can't satisfactorily fulfill the typical demands of infrastructure information processes like dynamic data resources and a huge amount of inter model relations. Therefore chapter 3 concept of infrastructure information modelling investigates a method for loose and rule based coupling of exchangeable heterogeneous information spaces. This hypothesis is an extension for the existing MM to a rule-based Multimodel named extended Multimodel (eMM) with semantic rules – instead of static links. The semantic rules will be used to describe relations between data elements of various models dynamically in a link-database. Most of the confusion about geospatial data models arises from their diversity. In some of these data models spatial IDs are the basic identities of entities and in some other data models there are no IDs. That is why in the geospatial data, data structure is more important than data models. There are always spatial indexes that enable accessing to the geodata. The most important unification of data models involved in infrastructure projects is the spatiality. Explained in chapter 4 the method of infrastructure information modelling for interoperation in spatial domains generate interlinks through spatial identity of entities. Match finding through spatial links enables any kind of data models sharing spatial property get interlinked. Through such spatial links each entity receives the spatial information from other data models which is related to the target entity due to sharing equivalent spatial index. This information will be the virtual properties for the object. The thesis uses Nearest Neighborhood algorithm for spatial match finding and performs filtering and refining approaches. For the abstraction of the spatial matching results hierarchical filtering techniques are used for refining the virtual properties. These approaches focus on two main application areas which are product model and Level of Detail (LoD). For the eMM suggested in this thesis a rule based interoperability method between arbitrary data models of spatial domain has been developed. The implementation of this method enables transaction of data in spatial domains run loss less. The system architecture and the implementation which has been applied on the case study of this thesis namely infrastructure and geospatial data models are described in chapter 5. Achieving afore mentioned aims results in reducing the whole project lifecycle costs, increasing reliability of the comprehensive fundamental information, and consequently in independent, cost-effective, aesthetically pleasing, and environmentally sensitive infrastructure design.:ABSTRACT 4 KEYWORDS 7 TABLE OF CONTENT 8 LIST OF FIGURES 9 LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST OF ABBREVIATION 12 INTRODUCTION 13 1.1. A GENERAL VIEW 14 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 15 1.3. OBJECTIVES 17 1.4. APPROACH 18 1.5. STRUCTURE OF THESIS 18 INTEROPERABILITY IN INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING 20 2.1. STATE OF INTEROPERABILITY 21 2.1.1. Interoperability of GIS and BIM 23 2.1.2. Interoperability of GIS and Infrastructure 25 2.2. MAIN CHALLENGES AND RELATED WORK 27 2.3. INFRASTRUCTURE MODELING IN GEOSPATIAL CONTEXT 29 2.3.1. LamdXML: Infrastructure Data Standards 32 2.3.2. CityGML: Geospatial Data Standards 33 2.3.3. LandXML and CityGML 36 2.4. INTEROPERABILITY AND MULTIMODEL TECHNOLOGY 39 2.5. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING APPROACHES 41 INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION MODELLING 44 3.1. MULTI MODEL FOR GEOSPATIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURE DATA MODELS 45 3.2. LINKING APPROACH, QUERYING AND FILTERING 48 3.2.1. Virtual Properties via Link Model 49 3.3. MULTI MODEL AS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY METHOD 52 3.4. USING LEVEL OF DETAIL (LOD) FOR FILTERING 53 SPATIAL MODELLING AND PROCESSING 58 4.1. SPATIAL IDENTIFIERS 59 4.1.1. Spatial Indexes 60 4.1.2. Tree-Based Spatial Indexes 61 4.2. NEAREST NEIGHBORHOOD AS A BASIC LINK METHOD 63 4.3. HIERARCHICAL FILTERING 70 4.4. OTHER FUNCTIONAL LINK METHODS 75 4.5. ADVANCES AND LIMITATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL LINK METHODS 76 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED IIM METHOD 77 5.1. IMPLEMENTATION 78 5.2. CASE STUDY 83 CONCLUSION 89 6.1. SUMMERY 90 6.2. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 92 6.3. FUTURE WORK 93 BIBLIOGRAPHY 94 7.1. BOOKS AND PAPERS 95 7.2. WEBSITES 101
In: Wadsholt , T K 2014 , ' Exploring interepistemological encounters in international HE at the intersection of ideologies of neoliberalism and ethical globalization ' , SRHE 2014 , Newport in South Wales, United Kingdom , United Kingdom , 10/12/2014 - 12/12/2014 .
Within recent years, plurality and difference have been embraced in higher education both by internationalization strategies originating in a neoliberal marked-driven process as well as by counter-ideologies of ethical globalization. The neoliberal transformation has resulted in new ontologies of the university, e.g. "the entrepreneurial university" (Barnett 2012) or "the global university" (Biesta 2011) in its external relation to society defined by its preoccupation with the economic and technical development of society and with matching the needs of the labor marked (e.g.Rhoads and Szelenyi 2011, Arambewela 2010) and internally on the education marked by universities becoming similar because they are playing the same game (Biesta 2011). Furthermore, it has enforced the power structures of the international field of HE defined by flows of people and capital towards the global North and flows of knowledge produced in the North towards the South (Marginson 2008, Calhoun 2006, Altbach 2004). The ontological and structural changes is accompanied by a new epistemological hegemony of "useful" (Peters and Olssen 2005) or "specific, problem-solving knowledge" (Barnett 2012) and by new knowledge authorities such as consultants, professionals and free-lance experts (Barnett 2012). However, critics of the neo-liberal university argue that the university as educator and knowledge producer should engage in a more ethical knowledge production. It is a call for an academic knowledge production that recognizes the challenges of globalization and of the interconnectedness of lives (Rhoads and Szelenyi 2011); that recognizes the world's epistemological diversity (Santos, Nunes, and Meneses 2007); that recognizes and challenges Eurocentric paradigms (Paraskeva 2010) and makes ethical choices "in the shape of academic inquiry" (Barnett 2012, 224). At Aarhus University, the general internationalization strategy is inscribed in a neoliberal ideology and describes the development of intercultural(IC) competence in students as both a means for success in the labor marked and to success for business. The faculty-level internationalization strategies, however, both draw upon neoliberal and more ethically oriented globalization discourses and describes the aim of internationalization in terms such as developing the "flexible knowledge" needed to operate in a globalized world or "global citizenship". However, the relationship between the ideological approaches to internationalization, implied understandings of IC competence and the impact upon inter-epistemological encounters, understood as encounters between people and institutions socialized in or enacting different epistemological frameworks, is not reflected upon. Seeing international higher education as a field structured by neoliberalism at one pole and counter-ideologies of ethical globalization on the other, the paper maps the interaction of these ideologies in the epistemologies at play at three international master programs at Aarhus University and in their visions of IC competence. Drawing upon educational sociology and ethical theory, it is compared to how the "different" knowledge of the other students' is encountered, negotiated, rejected or acknowledged and made use of. Methodology and data The paper draws upon data from three international master programs at Aarhus University. The programs were selected so that they all have diverse student bodies and so that they represent different approaches to internationalization and recruit different kinds of students. The first program is an international business program. It attracts students pursuing a career in an international company. The program started with a vision of creating an international study environment to give the students cultural insights but today, the international aspect relates to the academic content about international business. In the program, about 50 % of the students are international. However, a large number of the international students have a bachelor degree from Aarhus University or other Danish universities. The second program is an interdisciplinary program in Human Security. It attracts students who want to work in aid-oriented organizations or NGOs. It is a collaboration between ethnography, biology, social science and external consultants. About 65 % of the students are international and both international and interdisciplinary cooperation is stressed. The third program is an Erasmus Mundus program in Journalism and Globalization, which offers joint degrees in cooperation with other European universities. Approximately 95 % of the students are international and the international composition of the student body is stressed as an asset. It is emphasized that the teachers speak from a liberal and European perspective but the students are encouraged to challenge it. Data about was produced with several methods: • Classroom observations focusing on epistemologies drawn upon by the lecturers and on how students acknowledge and negotiate knowledge relating to theoretical, methodological, political, cultural and paradigmatic aspects of the program. • In-depth interviews with 20 students reflecting on how knowledge is negotiated between students' different epistemological systems and epistemologies drawn upon in the program. • Policy documents relating to internationalization strategies retrieved from the university's web-page. Theoretical framework The understanding of the field as structured around a neoliberal ideology of competition and marketization on the one hand and a counter-ideology of ethical globalization involving recognition of epistemological diversity on the other calls for a theoretical framework which both encompasses existing power-structures, processes assisting their reproduction and the ethical agency that insists on recognition of difference. In the paper, Bourdieu's educational sociology (e.g. Bourdieu and Passeron 1990, Bourdieu 1989, 1986, 1994, 1977, 1988), his concepts field, habitus, capital and symbolic violence, are therefor drawn upon together with Levinas' understanding of the ethical encounter as an encounter with the other as an other who is not reduced to the same and the experience of that encounter as a trace of the other (e.g. Levinas 1996, Levinas 1986). Findings and discussion Three main types of inter-epistemological encounters are identified: 1: Remaining other: the encounter as traces of the other's knowledge 2: Becoming the same: the encounter as reduction and merger of epistemological positions 3: Rejecting the other: the encounter as reproduction of hegemonic epistemologies Finally, the paper will discuss the relationship between the typologies and the ideological approaches and the embedding of IC competence in neoliberal frameworks as potential barrier to fruitful inter-epistemological encounters. Altbach, P.G. 2004. "Globalization and the University: Myths and realities in an unequal world." Tertiary Education and Management 2 (1):83-110. Arambewela, R. 2010. "Student experience in the globalized Higher Education market: Challenges and Research Imperatives." In Globalization and internationalization in Higher Education: Theoretical, strategic and management perspectives, edited by F. Maringe and N. Foskett, 155-173. London: Continuum Publishing. Barnett, Ronald. 2012. "Liquid Knowledge, Liquid Universities." In Universities in the Knowledge Economy: Higher Education Organization and Global Change, edited by P. Temple. London and NY: Routledge. Biesta, G. 2011. "How useful should the university be? On the rise of the global university and the crisis in Higher Education." Qui Parle 20 (1):35-47. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. "The Forms of Capital." In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by J. Richardson. New York: Greenwood. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1988. Homo Academicus. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1989. "Social Space and Symbolic Power." Sociological Theory 7 (1):14-25. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1994. "Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field." Sociological Theory 12 (1):18. Bourdieu, Pierre, and J.-C. Passeron. 1990. Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture. 2 ed. London etc: Sage. Calhoun, C. 2006. "The University and the public good." Thesis Eleven 84 (1). Levinas, E. 1996. "Is Ontology Fundamental?" In Emmanuel Levinas: Basic Philosophical Writings, edited by Bernasconi, Critchley and Peperzak, 1-10. Bloomington: Indiana U.P. Levinas, Emmanuel. 1986. "The Trace of the Other." In Deconstruction in Context, edited by Mark Taylor, 345-359. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Marginson, Simon. 2008. "Global field and global imagining: Bourdieu and worldwide higher education." British Journal of Sociology of Education 29 (3):303-15. Paraskeva, J.M. 2010. Unaccomplished utopia: Neoconservative dismantling of public education in the European Union. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Peters, Michael A., and Mark Olssen. 2005. "'Useful Knowledge': Redefining Research and Teaching in the Learning Economy." In Reshaping the University: New Relationships between Research, Scholarhip and Teaching, edited by Ronald Barnett. Open University Press. Rhoads, R.A., and K. Szelenyi. 2011. Global citizenship and the university: Advancing social life and relations in an interdependent world. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Santos, B.d.S., J.A. Nunes, and J.P. Meneses. 2007. "Opening up the Canon of Knowledge and Recognition of Difference." In Another Knowledge is Possible: Beyond Northers Epistemologies, edited by B.d.S. Santos. London: Verso.
