Suchergebnisse

Les relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat polonais ont subi une évolution sensible depuis 1945. Le principal tournant est, en 1956, après l'Octobre polonais, la reconnaissance du cardinal Wyszynski comme le chef de la hiérarchie ecclésiastique polonaise. Toutefois, ce tournant n'a pas entraîné de modifications immédiates dans les relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat.
Deux faits en portent témoignage : deux faits qui intéressent les relations franco-polonaises et les rapports entre l'Eglise de Pologne et l'Eglise de France.
Le premier s'est produit en 1963. Il s'agit de la mise en garde adressée le 6 juin 1963, par l'entremise de la secrétairerie d'Etat par le cardinal Wyszynski aux évêques et supérieurs majeurs de France à l'encontre du mouvement "Pax".
Le second de ces faits est survenu durant la visite du général de Gaulle en Pologne, en décembre 1967. Il s'agit des péripéties du "conflit" entre le Président de la République française et le cardinal.
Ces faits rappelés ici brièvement, témoignent l'un et l'autre de relations non encore stabilisées entre l'Eglise et l'Etat polonais. Les choses vont néanmoins changer progressivement partir de 1963 jusqu'au tournant récent dans les relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat.

The discipline of international relations deals with the problem of culture by defining world politics as a state of nature, yet it ignores the fact that the concept of the state is itself a cultural product. This book uncovers the history of this idea, revealing its origins in the European conquest of America, its crucial role in the emergence of the Enlightenment world view, and its continuing negative consequences for our attempts to understand world politics

The aim of this paper is to assess the changes in the foreign policy of Bolivia and Ecuador during the administrations of Evo Morales (2006-2019) and Rafael Correa (2007-2017), taking into account the interaction between domestic and international factors in both countries. Our working hypothesis argues that the reorientation of the foreign policy of these countries was possible due to a connection between alterations observed in the domestic and international spheres starting in the middle of the 2000s. In the internal sphere, the greater political stability resulting from the restructuring of the party system; in the foreign policy environment, an international system more open to the progressive field, allowing a change in the orientation of Bolivian and Ecuadorian foreign policy, based on that moment on the diversification of partnerships with an anti-United States bias.

This thesis consists of two essays on finance and economic growth. Using the passage and the enforcement of capital market laws, the essays study whether and how the development of international capital markets can influence corporate innovation, a vital source for long-term economic growth around the world. In the first essay, I study the question: Do legal restrictions on insider trading accelerate or slow technological innovation? Based on over 75,000 industry-country- year observations across 94 economies from 1976 to 2006, I find that enforcing insider trading laws spurs innovation, as measured by patent intensity, scope, impact, generality, and originality. Consistent with theories that insider trading slows innovation by impeding the valuation of innovative activities, the relation between enforcing insider trading laws and innovation is larger in industries that are naturally innovative and opaque, and equity issuances also rise much more in these industries after a country enforces its insider trading laws. In the second essay, I examine the effect of activating M&A markets on the rate of technological innovation, using staggered adoption of international M&A laws. Based on more than 65,000 industry-country-year observations across 46 economies from 1976 to 2006, I find that adopting the M&A laws increases innovation in the high-tech industries of a country, as measured by patent intensity, scope, impact, generality, and originality. The results are consistent with the incentives provided by an active M&A market that amplifies the valuation of and returns to innovation, and boosts exit liquidity for the entrepreneurs and corporate investors. I also find that M&A volume increases in the high-tech industries, and the improvement of innovation is mainly contributed by the private firms. ; published_or_final_version ; Economics and Finance ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

In general, the worldwide legislations recognize the right of residence for any person subject to certain requirements. The fact that a person is resident in a certain state leads to certain legal consequences. The most significant consequence of having a domicile in a certain state is determining whether the courts of that state are competent. Bearing in mind that an action may arise against a foreign person, this study addressing the following issues: the concept of domicile, place of residence and the difference between both concepts. It also deals with the question of what form of domicile (i.e. General, particular, or Domicile of choice) is sufficient in determining the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts over the action brought against a foreign person. This study also examines whether a domicile is sufficient as a sole legal factor of determining the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts, particularly, in the case that the defendant is a Jordanian citizen who has a domicile or a place of residence abroad? This study is an attempt to addressing the above mentioned questions through clarifying the legal rules governing "international domicile" as a legal factor of determining the jurisdiction of national courts. This study concluded that in contrast to the Egyptian and French law, the Jordanian law does not cover all legal rules related to international domicile as a legal basis of determining the jurisdiction of the Jordanian courts such as: the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts over a dispute related to real estate in a foreign country, the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts over a dispute brought against a Jordanian citizen who has no domicile or place of residence in the Jordanian territory. The authors of this study propose certain essential suggestions to cover important points related to domicile as a factor determining the jurisdiction of Jordanian courts.

Human use of marine resources is changing, as is the marine environment itself, and our understanding of marine ecosystems and biodiversity is developing. This open access book explores the challenges this raises for legal regimes pertaining to the oceans and their domestic implementation. It engages with developments in areas such as bioprospecting, fisheries, deep-sea mining and shipping. Several case studies discuss genetic resources and the implications of the new UN Agreement on marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. A team of experts suggest new approaches to questions of interpretation, established management principles, and institutional relationships. Not limiting their scope to the international law of the sea, they also examine international environmental law, intellectual property rights, and domestic law. The book broadens the scholarly debate and provides a timely reflection on the dramatic policy developments currently happening in the field of marine resource governance. It will be welcomed by lawyers, NGOs and policymakers. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the University of Gothenburg, Department of Law.

Generally, democratic regime type is positively associated with participating in international environmental agreements. In this context, this study focuses on the legal nature of an agreement, which is linked to audience costs primarily at the domestic level that occur in case of non-compliance and are felt especially by democracies. Eventually, more legalized ("hard-law") treaties make compliance potentially more challenging and as democratic leaders may anticipate the corresponding audience costs, the likelihood that democracies select themselves into such treaties decreases. The empirical implication of our theory is that environmental agreements with a larger share of democratic members are less likely to be characterized by hard law. Results from quantitative analyses strongly support our argument, shed new light on the relationship between participation in international agreements and the form of government, and also have implications for the "words-deeds" debate in international environmental policy-making.

In this article, we apply theories of non-citizenship assemblage to conceptualise the dynamic relationship of social determinants of health for international students in Canada who face barriers to accessing COVID-19 vaccines and verifying their vaccination status. Social workers' roles in responding to and reducing these inequities are also discussed with attention to micro practice, meso service integration, and macro public policy advocacy. Through theorising assembled inequities emerging from Canada's COVID-19 vaccination policies, this article offers guidance for future social work research and practice towards promoting justice and equity for transnational populations who are often excluded from domestic social welfare programmes.