Suchergebnisse

After exploring how methodological flaws in modern social science impoverish comparative analyses of international development, Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems analysis is offered as an alternative, with focus on how its realist methodology -- particularly that brand of realism premised on the particular holism of its object of interest -- can replace the positivism that currently dominates such research. Criteria for world-systems analysis are outlined, & the ongoing debate between the quantitative & qualitative schools is reframed using the concepts "lato sensu" & "stricto sensu": while the former uses Wallerstein's work as a new framework for conducting orthodox, positivistic social science, the latter adopts a realist approach. Areas of conflict between the schools are examined, & the stricto sensu approach is then used to reinterpret positivist analyses of two sets of political events -- war & democracy -- beginning from a conceptualization of war as a puzzle & democracy as a paradox. Through combining war & democracy with related social processes, & extending them in a space-time context, the narrow focus of previous research can be overcome. The foundations & rationale for such a historical systems perspective based on realist methodology are discussed, & problems that arise from the realist emphasis on stratification are addressed. A brief case study of the US civil war is provided to demonstrate implications of such a conception of stratification for studies of war & democracy in the larger world system. In Commentaries, John Agnew (Syracuse U, NY) concurs with the need for a global perspective, but questions whether, in its present form, world-systems analysis is adequate to the task. Three suggestions for improvement are offered that make a strong case for employing international comparisons to examine how real people in real places act as a result of local sociostructural factors rather than world historical forces. David Harvey (U of Oxford, England) offers several objections -- based on Marxist principles -- to the use of world-systems theory as a framework for understanding the historical geography of world capitalism, & criticizes Taylor's polarization of quantitative/positivist & realist/historical materialist approaches. Robert M. Jackson (California State U, Chico) argues that a rejection of positivism does not automatically imply support for Marxist theories of history. Several philosophy of science issues are raised, & a case is made for the incorporation of models from the physical & biological sciences into international analysis so as to avoid the restrictions of world-systems theory's political ideological assumptions. Victor Prescott & Ruth Fincher (U of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) identify several weaknesses in Taylor's presentation that obscure his attempt to develop a methodology for identifying mechanisms inherent in the operation of the world economy, specifically: inadequate & imprecise definitions, epistemological confusion about realism, & a flawed analysis of Wallerstein's theory & the claims of its critics. Suggestions for improvement are offered. Immanuel Wallerstein (State U of New York, Binghamton) reviews Taylor's analysis of democracy & economic development, examines the relationship between classical liberalism & classical Marxism, & discusses some implications for the history of ideas & of political movements. In Squire, Replying Slowly $. Taylor responds to six major areas of criticism (offering a separate, in-depth reply to Harvey), & concludes that the commentators are not familiar enough with the world-systems literature & the debates it contains. 114 References. K. Hyatt

Les relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat polonais ont subi une évolution sensible depuis 1945. Le principal tournant est, en 1956, après l'Octobre polonais, la reconnaissance du cardinal Wyszynski comme le chef de la hiérarchie ecclésiastique polonaise. Toutefois, ce tournant n'a pas entraîné de modifications immédiates dans les relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat.
Deux faits en portent témoignage : deux faits qui intéressent les relations franco-polonaises et les rapports entre l'Eglise de Pologne et l'Eglise de France.
Le premier s'est produit en 1963. Il s'agit de la mise en garde adressée le 6 juin 1963, par l'entremise de la secrétairerie d'Etat par le cardinal Wyszynski aux évêques et supérieurs majeurs de France à l'encontre du mouvement "Pax".
Le second de ces faits est survenu durant la visite du général de Gaulle en Pologne, en décembre 1967. Il s'agit des péripéties du "conflit" entre le Président de la République française et le cardinal.
Ces faits rappelés ici brièvement, témoignent l'un et l'autre de relations non encore stabilisées entre l'Eglise et l'Etat polonais. Les choses vont néanmoins changer progressivement partir de 1963 jusqu'au tournant récent dans les relations entre l'Eglise et l'Etat.

International Law Situated is the first study in the series of International Law Monographs by the Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights . It is an analysis of both theoretical ambition and practical relevance examining the existential and professional situation of the international lawyer from a range of different perspectives. How do international lawyers think about cultural difference and similarity? What is the role of historical facts in international law and practice? How do lawyers construe notions such as `community' or `humanity'; what role is played therein by normative ideas about similarity and difference; or of the good life? What kinds of ethical considerations are implicit in international law and how should practitioners think about them? This book provides a general framework for responding to these questions and shows their impact and relevance through doctrinal and case contexts. It argues for an emphasis on the individual jurist and her situation as an adviser, an advocate, an analyst, and a decision-maker

The discipline of international relations deals with the problem of culture by defining world politics as a state of nature, yet it ignores the fact that the concept of the state is itself a cultural product. This book uncovers the history of this idea, revealing its origins in the European conquest of America, its crucial role in the emergence of the Enlightenment world view, and its continuing negative consequences for our attempts to understand world politics

AbstractSister city relationships (SCRs) are a platform through which local governments (LGs) engage internationally. Increasingly, there is an expectation that such international engagement delivers economic opportunities and returns. Many LGs are therefore pursuing local economic development (LED) through their SCRs. Drawing on a national survey of Australian LGs (stage 1) and interviews with key council staff and stakeholders in five LG areas maintaining Australia–China SCRs (stage 2), this paper contributes to growing literature on LED by examining how LGs have developed their own capacities and supported local small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage internationally. Our findings reveal insights into how Australian LGs have achieved international engagement through two strategies that leverage their SCRs, namely building government's capabilities and developing SMEs' capabilities. This paper contributes new insights into the evolving role of LGs in LED, including both current experimentation, challenges, and future opportunities.Points for practitioners
A growing number of Australian local governments pursue LED through their Chinese sister city relationships.
Supporting the internationalisation of SMEs is an emerging component of local government pursuit of LED.
International engagement of local governments has necessitated enhanced capacities in human, external, and financial resources.
Findings highlight the unique and often overlooked role of local‐to‐local diplomatic and economic relations.