Suchergebnisse

Political scientists have conventionally assumed that achieving democracy is a one-way ratchet. Only very recently has the question of 'democratic backsliding' attracted any research attention. We argue that democratic instability is best understood with tools from complexity science. The explanatory power of complexity science arises from several features of complex systems. Their relevance in the context of democracy is discussed. Several policy recommen- dations are offered to help (re)stabilize current systems of representative democracy.

Der Sammelband untersucht in 18 Beiträgen die wirtschaftlichen und soziale Krisen in den zentralafrikanischen Ländern, die wirtschaftlichen Reformprojekte und deren Aussichten sowie individuelle Strategien, mit den Krisen umzugehen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Erfahrungen der Vergangenheit und der aktuellen Situation werden in mehreren Beiträgen die Perspektiven einer stärkeren regionalen Integration diskutiert. Darüber hinaus finden Einzelthemen Beachtung: die Bedeutung des Erdöls für die Region, weibliche Kleinunternehmen, kommunale Vorfinanzierung der gesundheitlichen Versorgung im ländlichen Kamerun, Auferweckungskirchen und Fanclubs in Kinshasa, der Verkauf von gefälschten (urheberechtlich geschützten) CDs und DVDs in Kinshasa. (DÜI-Sbd)

Contributed articles presented earlier at a seminar

Résumé Isabelle Backouche, Fabrice Ripoll, Sylvie Tissot et Vincent Veschambre (dir.), La dimension spatiale des inégalités. Regards croisés des sciences sociales , Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2011, 357 p., 22 €

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Research Design -- 4 Analysis of the Institute's Workforce -- 5 Job Satisfaction -- 6 Building Career Paths in Science Research -- 7 Networking, Mobility and Mentoring -- 8 Gender and Career Paths -- 9 Generational Change in Science Research -- 10 Keeping Women in Science Research -- 11 New Ways of Doing Science -- Afterword -- Appendix -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Index

Since the earliest phases of its institutionalization, the sociology of health and medicine has played an increasingly central role within the more general context of sociological thinking. Its prospects are further heightened in the context of the current debate on the interactions between the social sciences and fields of knowledge like cognitive science, behavioral genetics, neurosciences, which are becoming more and more closely engaged with the study of Human Social Behavior. This mediation role, however, finds it difficult to manifest itself due to the various theoretical and epistemological inclinations that sociology has relied on to solidify its own identity and stand apart from the formal criteria used in other scholarly contexts.

Economic science as ideology The management science as a viatic of the shareholder Eric Brunat and Jacques Fontanel Revue marché et Organisations No 41 2021 Since the generalisation of the market economy, economic science has stalled the political economy. In this context, the market was ubiquitous and the State had to concentrate its activities on the organisation of a region-wide area, often fluctuating and rather regressive according to private interests. Management science itself provided businesses with tools in an economic system which advocated individual interest as a determining objective for each of the economic actors. Today, with the COVID-19 pandemic, the analyses of liberal economists are becoming obsolete in the face of a deep economic and social crisis. The economy is now showing its eminently political character. The international, national and local public sectors organise the fight against the crisis in the market economy. The state is once again the central player in the management of the national economy, and it is then called upon to make political choices that reshape the country's economic and social structures, particularly in the face of major multinational firms and the ambitions of other nations. The deeply political and social nature of a globalised economy is highlighted by this crisis, which is characterised by violent relations between states and between citizens. ; International audience Since the generalisation of the market economy, economic science has sounded the death knell for political economy. In this context, the market was omnipotent and the State had to concentrate its activity on the organisation of a regalian domain, often fluctuating and rather regressing according to private interests. Management science itself gave tools to companies within the framework of an economic system that advocated individual interest as the determining objective for each of the economic actors. Today, with the Covid-19 pandemic, the analyses of liberal economists are becoming obsolete in ...

"As in other societal realms also in research, science, and development governments and parliaments increasingly have to legitimize their actions and want to base their future activities on informed decisions. Consequently, performance measures, benchmarking, comparative analysis, "foresight studies" are increasingly asked for. Ranking, ratings and evaluations are introduced throughout the system supposedly providing on the one hand the requested transparency and at the same time acting as stimuli to improve the performance. However, to date central questions relating to the underlying methodologies and indicators used are unanswered. These
questions concern the availability and appropriateness of the data, indicator construction and methodologies on the one hand, tackle issues as how to deal with effects due to disciplinary, sectoral, regional or national differences, and concern the intended and unintended effects of the instruments used. In the contribution these issues are described and discussed in more detail. In Germany so far infrastructural deficiencies e.g. the fragmentation of research groups addressing those issues prevent adequately addressing the open research questions. Behind this
background the two most important tasks identified are them the development of a decentralized data collection system enabling standard definitions and the development of a competitive research infrastructure." [author's abstract]