Suchergebnisse

InUkraine, that has for centuries been deprived of its own statehood, the problem of social change vector has always been relevant and painful. That very fact they have been being administered in foreign capitals, is incredibly difficult for modernization and urbanization processes, not mentioning the problems of national identity. Only now, when Ukraine got its independence, the opportunity of social and transformational unbiased analysis of processes at different stages of the country's history with their inherent contradictions, achievements and losses, the struggle of the new with the old has become possible.Ethno-national changes in the Soviet era are highlited in the studies of S. Bilokin, N. Borysenko, V. Danylenko, G. Kasianov, S. Kulchytskyi, O. Malyarchuk, A. Rublov, D. Chornyi and others.The purpose of the article is to analyze the contradictions in the social consciousness of the urban and rural population in the process of "Ukrainianization" policy, to distinguish positive and negative effects of party influence in the political, economic and spiritual areas.Town and village oppose each other, first of all, not as two types of settlements, but as two principles of social life, and the transition from rural to urban society forms one of the main vectors of movement of society to a qualitatively new state. Analyzing the cultural relationship between city and countryside, it is worth noting a number of factors that determine the nature of this interaction. Features of the historical development of Ukraine led to the existence of the culture of the city and culture of the village as two separate parts in Ukrainian cultural process during the period studied in the article. Moreover, in contrast to the rural culture that, with its own social structure, was a coherent category, the culture of the Ukrainian city of 1920s was represented, so to say, by a conglomerate of different cultural types that differed not only in the social and but in ethnic aspects as well. These features of urban culture led to duality and ambivalence that took place in its impact on rural culture.Culture of the farmer, whose whole life was closely linked with nature, is based on harmony and interdependence of man and the environment, was of cosmocentric character. For its bearer emotional and sensory perception of the world is inherent, their mental structure is defined by its "cordocentrism", i.e the concentration around the "heart". In contrast to the rural culture, the culture of the city, with its predominantly industrial character of production, based on purely rational, logical principles, where there is no unity of man and nature, was based mainly on tecnocentrical perception of the world.On the other hand, the city transported its negative effects to the village through the interaction of cultures along with the achievements of civilization. Industrial nature of urban production, imposing a specific mark on a culture of the city, led to a negative impact of urban civilization in its extreme, technological, cultural manifestation on the situation in the country. Although in 1920s the negative effects of this influence manifestated still in the bud, during the industrialization of agricultural production a tendency towards separation of man and nature in the culture of the village appears together with the contrast between them, which led to the substitution of emotional principle by bare rationalism. This led to the emasculation from the rural culture of such important components as humanism, spirituality and emotion, which ultimately have a negative effect on the cultural and political life of the republic.For the active implementation of Ukrainianization higher authorities in the city faced a severe blow and considerably weakened their assimilatory effect on the village. It was weakened, but not eliminated. Russification trends of urban culture are being transformed into the so-called latent forms (supply of rural libraries mainly with Russian literature, appointment to administration of cultural institutions especially those individuals who had not spoken Ukrainian, maintaining the position of the Russian language in communication between the center and local authorities, etc.). But these effects weakened Russification affects of the town obstructed the cultural situation in the village. But the new government was characterized not so much by a national feature (although, despite the often declared internationalism, it clearly discerned great power trend), but social: the priority of the class over national.It is the interaction of rural and urban cultures, which (in the schematic manifestation) represented "ethnomaterial" and "intelligence" in culture genesis of Ukrainian people and determined the significant shift in the culture-forming process in Ukraine in the 1920s.But in general, the historical experience of cultural transformations of the 1920s shows that establishing of mature national culture is possible only through cooperation, mutual enrichment of rural and urban cultures. ; В статье раскрыт механизм интегрирования культур села и города в единый процесс - создание советской украинской культуры, что осложнялось существованием значительных различий между ними социального, бытового и этнического характера. Поиски оптимальных путей для преодоления этих разногласий вызвали обострение противостояния различных политических сил, художественных направлений, позиций отдельных деятелей, что часто с культурной сферы трансформировалось в плоскость политики. ; У статті розкрито механізм інтегрування культур села та міста в єдиний процес - творення радянської української культури, що ускладнювалося існуванням значних відмінностей між ними соціального, побутового та етнічного характеру. Пошуки оптимальних шляхів для подолання цих розбіжностей спричинили загострення протистояння різних політичних сил, мистецьких напрямків, позицій окремих діячів, яке часто із культурної сфери трансформувалося в площину політики.

InUkraine, that has for centuries been deprived of its own statehood, the problem of social change vector has always been relevant and painful. That very fact they have been being administered in foreign capitals, is incredibly difficult for modernization and urbanization processes, not mentioning the problems of national identity. Only now, when Ukraine got its independence, the opportunity of social and transformational unbiased analysis of processes at different stages of the country's history with their inherent contradictions, achievements and losses, the struggle of the new with the old has become possible.Ethno-national changes in the Soviet era are highlited in the studies of S. Bilokin, N. Borysenko, V. Danylenko, G. Kasianov, S. Kulchytskyi, O. Malyarchuk, A. Rublov, D. Chornyi and others.The purpose of the article is to analyze the contradictions in the social consciousness of the urban and rural population in the process of "Ukrainianization" policy, to distinguish positive and negative effects of party influence in the political, economic and spiritual areas.Town and village oppose each other, first of all, not as two types of settlements, but as two principles of social life, and the transition from rural to urban society forms one of the main vectors of movement of society to a qualitatively new state. Analyzing the cultural relationship between city and countryside, it is worth noting a number of factors that determine the nature of this interaction. Features of the historical development of Ukraine led to the existence of the culture of the city and culture of the village as two separate parts in Ukrainian cultural process during the period studied in the article. Moreover, in contrast to the rural culture that, with its own social structure, was a coherent category, the culture of the Ukrainian city of 1920s was represented, so to say, by a conglomerate of different cultural types that differed not only in the social and but in ethnic aspects as well. These features of urban culture led to duality and ambivalence that took place in its impact on rural culture.Culture of the farmer, whose whole life was closely linked with nature, is based on harmony and interdependence of man and the environment, was of cosmocentric character. For its bearer emotional and sensory perception of the world is inherent, their mental structure is defined by its "cordocentrism", i.e the concentration around the "heart". In contrast to the rural culture, the culture of the city, with its predominantly industrial character of production, based on purely rational, logical principles, where there is no unity of man and nature, was based mainly on tecnocentrical perception of the world.On the other hand, the city transported its negative effects to the village through the interaction of cultures along with the achievements of civilization. Industrial nature of urban production, imposing a specific mark on a culture of the city, led to a negative impact of urban civilization in its extreme, technological, cultural manifestation on the situation in the country. Although in 1920s the negative effects of this influence manifestated still in the bud, during the industrialization of agricultural production a tendency towards separation of man and nature in the culture of the village appears together with the contrast between them, which led to the substitution of emotional principle by bare rationalism. This led to the emasculation from the rural culture of such important components as humanism, spirituality and emotion, which ultimately have a negative effect on the cultural and political life of the republic.For the active implementation of Ukrainianization higher authorities in the city faced a severe blow and considerably weakened their assimilatory effect on the village. It was weakened, but not eliminated. Russification trends of urban culture are being transformed into the so-called latent forms (supply of rural libraries mainly with Russian literature, appointment to administration of cultural institutions especially those individuals who had not spoken Ukrainian, maintaining the position of the Russian language in communication between the center and local authorities, etc.). But these effects weakened Russification affects of the town obstructed the cultural situation in the village. But the new government was characterized not so much by a national feature (although, despite the often declared internationalism, it clearly discerned great power trend), but social: the priority of the class over national.It is the interaction of rural and urban cultures, which (in the schematic manifestation) represented "ethnomaterial" and "intelligence" in culture genesis of Ukrainian people and determined the significant shift in the culture-forming process in Ukraine in the 1920s.But in general, the historical experience of cultural transformations of the 1920s shows that establishing of mature national culture is possible only through cooperation, mutual enrichment of rural and urban cultures. ; В статье раскрыт механизм интегрирования культур села и города в единый процесс - создание советской украинской культуры, что осложнялось существованием значительных различий между ними социального, бытового и этнического характера. Поиски оптимальных путей для преодоления этих разногласий вызвали обострение противостояния различных политических сил, художественных направлений, позиций отдельных деятелей, что часто с культурной сферы трансформировалось в плоскость политики. ; У статті розкрито механізм інтегрування культур села та міста в єдиний процес - творення радянської української культури, що ускладнювалося існуванням значних відмінностей між ними соціального, побутового та етнічного характеру. Пошуки оптимальних шляхів для подолання цих розбіжностей спричинили загострення протистояння різних політичних сил, мистецьких напрямків, позицій окремих діячів, яке часто із культурної сфери трансформувалося в площину політики.

Мета статті полягає у досліджені проблеми стилів та стильових відносин, що призвели до об'єднання та злиття самостійних напрямків у образотворчому мистецтві та архітектурі періоду зародження та становлення соціалістичного реалізму. Особливості появи і розвитку синтезу мистецтв в СРСР і його найбільшій республіці – Україні досі залишаються недослідженими. У пропонованому автором тлумаченні синтезу мистецтв «радянського зразка» критерієм цілісного сприйняття стильової єдності живописних, скульптурних та архітектурних творів є тоталітарна залежність митця від підневільного соціуму. За версією автора, сприйняття архітектурних проблем в Україні зазначеної доби розглядається у мистецтвознавчій, політичній та економічній площині і доводить злочинність ідеології тоталітаризму. Методологія дослідження задекларованої теми полягає у об'єднанні мистецтвознавчих та історичних розвідок. Відповідно до поставлених завдань у статті застосовуються методи дослідження, що доповнюють культурологічний, історичний, мистецтвознавчий аспекти. Також були використані хронологічний аналіз та синтез, компаративний, біографічний і крос-культурний методи. Наукова новизна полягає у висвітлені і дослідженні маловідомих фактів, що підтверджують авторську доктрину стосовно викривлення у радянському соціумі такого поняття як синтез мистецтва. Об'єднання образотворчого мистецтва з архітектурою сприймалося раніше переважно з точки зору праць радянських ідеологів, істориків, мистецтвознавців. Питання індиферентності та відсутності опору в умовах тоталітарної культурної диктатури стосовно взаємозв'язку просторових мистецтв та архітектури під кутом культурологічного трактування взагалі не розглядалися. Висновки. Аналіз архітектурних стилів, їх завдань, шляхів розвитку, визначення ролі особи у творчості (живописній, скульптурній, архітектурній), впливу соціуму і залежності від нього, співставлення часу нинішнього з подіями сімдесятилітньої давнини – є шляхом відродження істини. Результатом цієї праці стало намагання зрозуміти, дослідити і зробити правильні висновки відносно феномену синтезу українського мистецтва і архітектури довоєнних років. Кінцевою відповіддю на поставлені запитання можуть бути лише ґрунтовні культурологічно-мистецтвознавчі розвідки, що відкриють правду про малодосліджений період української культури ; Цель статьи заключается в исследовании проблемы стилей и стилевых отношений, которые привели к объединению и слиянию самостоятельных направлений в изобразительном искусстве и архитектуре периода зарождения и становления социалистического реализма. Особенности появления и развития синтеза искусств в СССР и его самой большой республике – Украине до сих пор остаются неисследованными. В предлагаемом автором толковании синтеза искусств «советского образца» критерием целостного восприятия стилевого единства живописных, скульптурных и архитектурных произведений является тоталитарная зависимость художника от подневольного социума. По версии автора, восприятие архитектурных проблем в Украине указанного времени рассматривается в искусствоведческой, политической и экономической плоскости и доказывает преступность идеологии тоталитаризма. Методология исследования задекларированной темы заключается в объединении искусствоведческих и исторических исследований. В соответствии с поставленными задачами в статье применяются методы исследования, дополняющие культурологический, исторический, искусствоведческий аспекты. Также были использованы хронологический анализ и синтез, компаративный, биографический и кросс-культурный методы. Научная новизна заключается в освещении и исследовании малоизвестных фактов, подтверждающих авторскую доктрину об искажении в советском социуме такого понятия как синтез искусства. Объединение изобразительного искусства с архитектурой воспринималось ранее преимущественно с точки зрения работ советских идеологов, историков, искусствоведов. Вопросы индифферентности и отсутствия сопротивления в условиях тоталитарной культурной диктатуры относительно взаимосвязи пространственных искусств и архитектуры под углом культурологической трактовки вообще не рассматривались. Выводы. Анализ архитектурных стилей, их задач, путей развития, определение роли личности в творчестве (живописной, скульптурной, архитектурной), влияния социума и зависимости от него, сопоставление времени нынешнего с событиями семидесятилетней давности - это путь возрождения истины. Результатом этой работы стала попытка понять, исследовать и сделать правильные выводы относительно феномена синтеза украинского искусства и архитектуры довоенных лет. Конечным ответом на поставленные вопросы могут быть только основательные культурологические и искусствоведческие материалы, открывающие правду о малоизученном периоде украинской культуры. ; The purpose of the article is to study the problems of styles and styles, which led to the unification and merging of independent trends in the fine arts and architecture of the period of origin and the formation of socialist realism. Scientific novelty. Features of the emergence and development of the synthesis of arts in the USSR and its largest republic – Ukraine still remains unexplored. In the author's proposed interpretation of the synthesis of arts of the "Soviet model" criterion of the holistic perception of the stylistic unity of paintings, sculptural and architectural works is the totalitarian dependence of the artist from the hostile society. According to the author's version, the perception of architectural problems in Ukraine in the given period is considered in the arts, political and economic area and proves the crime of the ideology of totalitarianism. The methodology of the research of the declared theme is to combine art studies and historical intelligence. In accordance with the set tasks in the article applied research methods, complementary cultural, historical, art-study aspects. Chronological analysis and synthesis, comparative, biographical and cross-cultural methods were also used. Scientific novelty consists of highlighting and studying little-known facts, which confirm the author's doctrine concerning the distortion of the concept in the Soviet society of a concept as a synthesis of art. The association of fine arts with architecture was perceived more predominantly from the point of view of the works of Soviet ideologues, historians, art historians. The question of the indifference and lack of resistance in the conditions of a totalitarian cultural dictatorship concerning the interrelation of spatial arts and architecture at the angle of culturological interpretation was not considered at all. Conclusions. The analysis of architectural styles, their tasks, ways of development, the definition of the role of a person in the work (painting, sculptural, architectural), the influence of society and its dependence, comparing the current time with the events seventy years ago – is the way of true revival. The result of this work was an attempt to understand, study and make correct conclusions about the phenomenon of the synthesis of Ukrainian art and architecture of pre-war years. The only answer to the questions can be only solid cultural and artistic intelligence that will reveal the truth about the little-studied period of Ukrainian culture.

Мета статті полягає у досліджені проблеми стилів та стильових відносин, що призвели до об'єднання та злиття самостійних напрямків у образотворчому мистецтві та архітектурі періоду зародження та становлення соціалістичного реалізму. Особливості появи і розвитку синтезу мистецтв в СРСР і його найбільшій республіці – Україні досі залишаються недослідженими. У пропонованому автором тлумаченні синтезу мистецтв «радянського зразка» критерієм цілісного сприйняття стильової єдності живописних, скульптурних та архітектурних творів є тоталітарна залежність митця від підневільного соціуму. За версією автора, сприйняття архітектурних проблем в Україні зазначеної доби розглядається у мистецтвознавчій, політичній та економічній площині і доводить злочинність ідеології тоталітаризму. Методологія дослідження задекларованої теми полягає у об'єднанні мистецтвознавчих та історичних розвідок. Відповідно до поставлених завдань у статті застосовуються методи дослідження, що доповнюють культурологічний, історичний, мистецтвознавчий аспекти. Також були використані хронологічний аналіз та синтез, компаративний, біографічний і крос-культурний методи. Наукова новизна полягає у висвітлені і дослідженні маловідомих фактів, що підтверджують авторську доктрину стосовно викривлення у радянському соціумі такого поняття як синтез мистецтва. Об'єднання образотворчого мистецтва з архітектурою сприймалося раніше переважно з точки зору праць радянських ідеологів, істориків, мистецтвознавців. Питання індиферентності та відсутності опору в умовах тоталітарної культурної диктатури стосовно взаємозв'язку просторових мистецтв та архітектури під кутом культурологічного трактування взагалі не розглядалися. Висновки. Аналіз архітектурних стилів, їх завдань, шляхів розвитку, визначення ролі особи у творчості (живописній, скульптурній, архітектурній), впливу соціуму і залежності від нього, співставлення часу нинішнього з подіями сімдесятилітньої давнини – є шляхом відродження істини. Результатом цієї праці стало намагання зрозуміти, дослідити і зробити правильні висновки відносно феномену синтезу українського мистецтва і архітектури довоєнних років. Кінцевою відповіддю на поставлені запитання можуть бути лише ґрунтовні культурологічно-мистецтвознавчі розвідки, що відкриють правду про малодосліджений період української культури ; Цель статьи заключается в исследовании проблемы стилей и стилевых отношений, которые привели к объединению и слиянию самостоятельных направлений в изобразительном искусстве и архитектуре периода зарождения и становления социалистического реализма. Особенности появления и развития синтеза искусств в СССР и его самой большой республике – Украине до сих пор остаются неисследованными. В предлагаемом автором толковании синтеза искусств «советского образца» критерием целостного восприятия стилевого единства живописных, скульптурных и архитектурных произведений является тоталитарная зависимость художника от подневольного социума. По версии автора, восприятие архитектурных проблем в Украине указанного времени рассматривается в искусствоведческой, политической и экономической плоскости и доказывает преступность идеологии тоталитаризма. Методология исследования задекларированной темы заключается в объединении искусствоведческих и исторических исследований. В соответствии с поставленными задачами в статье применяются методы исследования, дополняющие культурологический, исторический, искусствоведческий аспекты. Также были использованы хронологический анализ и синтез, компаративный, биографический и кросс-культурный методы. Научная новизна заключается в освещении и исследовании малоизвестных фактов, подтверждающих авторскую доктрину об искажении в советском социуме такого понятия как синтез искусства. Объединение изобразительного искусства с архитектурой воспринималось ранее преимущественно с точки зрения работ советских идеологов, историков, искусствоведов. Вопросы индифферентности и отсутствия сопротивления в условиях тоталитарной культурной диктатуры относительно взаимосвязи пространственных искусств и архитектуры под углом культурологической трактовки вообще не рассматривались. Выводы. Анализ архитектурных стилей, их задач, путей развития, определение роли личности в творчестве (живописной, скульптурной, архитектурной), влияния социума и зависимости от него, сопоставление времени нынешнего с событиями семидесятилетней давности - это путь возрождения истины. Результатом этой работы стала попытка понять, исследовать и сделать правильные выводы относительно феномена синтеза украинского искусства и архитектуры довоенных лет. Конечным ответом на поставленные вопросы могут быть только основательные культурологические и искусствоведческие материалы, открывающие правду о малоизученном периоде украинской культуры. ; The purpose of the article is to study the problems of styles and styles, which led to the unification and merging of independent trends in the fine arts and architecture of the period of origin and the formation of socialist realism. Scientific novelty. Features of the emergence and development of the synthesis of arts in the USSR and its largest republic – Ukraine still remains unexplored. In the author's proposed interpretation of the synthesis of arts of the "Soviet model" criterion of the holistic perception of the stylistic unity of paintings, sculptural and architectural works is the totalitarian dependence of the artist from the hostile society. According to the author's version, the perception of architectural problems in Ukraine in the given period is considered in the arts, political and economic area and proves the crime of the ideology of totalitarianism. The methodology of the research of the declared theme is to combine art studies and historical intelligence. In accordance with the set tasks in the article applied research methods, complementary cultural, historical, art-study aspects. Chronological analysis and synthesis, comparative, biographical and cross-cultural methods were also used. Scientific novelty consists of highlighting and studying little-known facts, which confirm the author's doctrine concerning the distortion of the concept in the Soviet society of a concept as a synthesis of art. The association of fine arts with architecture was perceived more predominantly from the point of view of the works of Soviet ideologues, historians, art historians. The question of the indifference and lack of resistance in the conditions of a totalitarian cultural dictatorship concerning the interrelation of spatial arts and architecture at the angle of culturological interpretation was not considered at all. Conclusions. The analysis of architectural styles, their tasks, ways of development, the definition of the role of a person in the work (painting, sculptural, architectural), the influence of society and its dependence, comparing the current time with the events seventy years ago – is the way of true revival. The result of this work was an attempt to understand, study and make correct conclusions about the phenomenon of the synthesis of Ukrainian art and architecture of pre-war years. The only answer to the questions can be only solid cultural and artistic intelligence that will reveal the truth about the little-studied period of Ukrainian culture.

StarCraft (Blizzard Entertainment, 1998) is a real-time strategy video game, placing the player in command of three extraterrestrial races fighting against each other for strategic control of resources, terrain, and power. Simon Dor examines the game's unanticipated effect by delving into the history of the game and the two core competencies it encouraged: decoding and foreseeing. Although StarCraft was not designed as an e-sport, its role in developing foreseeing skills helped give rise to one of the earliest e-sport communities in South Korea.

Apart from the game's clear landmark status, StarCraft offers a unique insight into changes in gaming culture and, more broadly, the marketability and profit of previously niche areas of interest. The book places StarCraft in the history of real-time strategy games in the 1990s—Dune II, Command & Conquer, Age of Empires—in terms of visual style, narrative tropes, and control. It shows how design decisions, technological infrastructures, and a strong contribution from its gaming community through Battle.net and its campaign editor were necessary conditions for the flexibility it needed to grow its success. In exploring the fanatic clusters of competitive players who formed the first tournaments and professionalized gaming, StarCraft shows that the game was key to the transition towards foreseeing play and essential to competitive gaming and e-sports.

In this paper the quality of life as a multifaceted phenomenon has been studied. The problem of assessment of the quality of life has been investigated. Assessment of quality of life is an important tool for socio–economic policy of any state. Quality of life is defined as the degree of satisfaction of material, cultural and spiritual human needs. Component definitions emphasize the multidimensional nature of this concept and highlight different dimensions of quality of life (objective and subjective). Movement and physical activity is a crucial, fundamental factor in the formation, preservation and strengthening of health and human development. The purpose is to analyze existing approaches to the assessment of the quality of human life and to summarize international experience. To assess the quality of life of the population use two approaches, the aim and purpose of which are different. Characterized the international system for the assessment of quality of life. There are several systems of assessment of quality of life: General methodological concept of standards and quality of life (Standard of Living and Quality of Life), the methodology of the Economist Intelligence Unit (the division of The Economist Group), the new Europeandevelopment strategy for the next 10 years – «Europe 2020: Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth», the methodology of International Living (Ireland), the methodology of the EU, the methodology of the OECD (Organization for economic cooperation and development) in an innovative platform of the Better Life Initiative. These methodologies towards «health» are considering physical activity as the main indicator of the quality of human life. Strategic management challenges for Ukraine are to improve the quality of life of people in conjunction with the creation of conditions for realization of innovation model of economic growth, achievement and transformation of the high standards of quality of life in a powerful factor of global competitiveness. ; Рассматривается качество жизни человека как многокомпонентное явление и исследуются проблемы оценки качества жизни. Оценка качества жизни населения является важным инструментом социально-экономической политики любого государства. Качество жизни определяется как степень удовлетворения материальных, культурных и духовных потребностей человека. Компонентные определения подчеркивают многомерную природу этого понятия и выделяют различные измерения качества жизни (как объективные, так и субъективные). Двигательная и физическая активность является исключительно важным фундаментальным фактором формирования, сохранения, укрепления здоровья и развития человека. Цель работы – осуществить анализ существующих подходов к оценке качества жизни человека и обобщить накопленный международный опыт.Для оценки качества жизни населения используют два подхода, цель и назначение которых различные. Охарактеризованы международные системы оценки качества жизни. Различают несколько систем оценки качества жизни, а именно: общеметодологическую концепцию стандартов и качества жизни (Standard of Living and Quality of Life), методологию Economist Intelligence Unit (подразделения The Economist Group), новую европейскую стратегию развития на следующие 10 лет – «Европа-2020: стратегия разумного, устойчивого и инклюзивного роста», методологию International Living (Ирландия), методологию ЕС, методологию ОЭСР (Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития) на инновационной платформе Better Life Initiative. Указанные методологии в направлении «здоровье» рассматривают физическую активность как основной индикатор качества жизни человека.Стратегическими управленческими задачами для Украины являются повышение качества жизни людей в сочетании с созданием условий для реализации инновационной модели экономического роста, достижения и преобразования высоких стандартов качестважизни в мощный фактор глобальной конкурентоспособности.

The article is devoted to disclosure of multilevel comprehension of the "piece of music" concept in the modern musicology and determinants of the multiplicity of connotations of its ontological and phenomenological specifics in the interdisciplinary space of the humanities.
The purpose of the article — to determine the specifics of reception of the "piece of music" concept and phenomenon in the modern scientific discourse.
The methodology of research is complex and based on the comparative, cultural, art historical scientific approaches, fundamentals of systematic and analytical, phenomenological, descriptive and terminological methods of analysis with the use of musicological methodological tools.
The results. The notional transformations of the "piece of music" concept in the musical culture of the second half of the XX century are studied and on the basis of systematization of modern trends and levels of analytics of the "piece of music" concept, generated in the humanistic and musicological area, new approaches to reception of the same concept and phenomenon (thesaurus, language and semiotic, discursive, communicative and psychological) are outlined. The cultural ambivalence of the music work phenomenon, the multilayered process of objectification of the artistic information, contained herein and presented in the intonation and figurative form, are disclosed.
The scientific novelty of the article pertains to application of a hermeneutic and phenomenological approach to explication of the piece of music and its post-avant-garde modifications (installations, performances, "open" compositions etc., with their intension for unique and momentary expression of experience and unscriptedness in traditional frameworks of music opuses), constituting different manifestations and facets of an integral and multifaceted phenomenon of the music work and determination of its hypostasis as an artifact of culture, result of spiritual production, process/deliverables of the creator's activities (author and performer), carrier of an artistic meaning (musical semantic image) and value context.
It is emphasized that the ontological and existential nature of the music work, its functional and notional polyphony, the focus of the world images and the author image in its artistic fabric make it possible to consider it in the multiplicity of perspectives (philosophical and aesthetic, phenomenological, axiological, communicational and psychological, creative and practical, artistic and semantic, individual and personal, semiotic interpretation) and research paradigms.
The practical significance of the scientific intelligence lies in a possibility to apply the hermeneutic and phenomenological approach in the further development of the problems of a music work and involvement of the findings in the musical and pedagogical areas, in the training courses "musical aesthetics", "philosophy of music", "musical interpretation", "analysis of music works" etc.

O escritor e educador russo Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoi (1828-1910), ao elaborar concepções e práticas para a instrução popular de seu tempo e criar uma escola rural em Iasnaia Poliana, local de propriedade de sua família, onde também residia, na Rússia, deixou impressionante legado ao campo da educação escolar de todos os tempos. A exposição desse rico ideário educacional e subsequente trabalho pedagógico constitui o principal alvo do presente artigo. Dessa maneira, em contraponto aos tradicionais métodos escolares opressores e especialmente relacionado ao pensamento libertário anarquista, as refl exões e experiências pedagógicas de Tolstói expõem uma concepção educativa de ampla feição humana, ética e cultural, desvelada numa busca e realização educacional contra os constrangimentos da inteligência e da criatividade, especialmente direcionada ao desenvolvimento infantil e juvenil. Uma concepção educativa reconhecida, sobretudo, a partir dos textos pedagógicos de autoria do próprio Tosltói, bem como através de seus métodos e processos educacionais aliados à ideia de proporcionar uma formação escolar compatível com as melhores potencialidades humanas.Palavras-chave: Educação libertária. Tolstói. Escola Iasnaia Poliana.The cultivation of freedom in Tolstoy PedagogyABSTRACTThe Russian writer and educator Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910), to develop concepts and practices for the popular education of his time and to create a rural school in Iasnaia Poliana, property location of his family, where he also lived, in Russia, left impressive legacy to the fi eld of education of all time. Exposure of this rich educational and pedagogical work subsequent ideology is the primary focus of this article. Thus, in contrast to traditional school methods oppressors and especially related to the anarchist libertarian thinking, refl ections and pedagogical experiences of Tolstoy expose an educational conception of broad human form, ethical and cultural, unveiled a search and educational achievement against intelligence constraints and creativity, especially targeted at children and youth development. An educational design especially recognized from the pedagogical texts authored by Tosltoy himself as well as through his educational methods and processes together with the idea of providing an education consistent with the best human potential.Keywords: Libertarian education. Tolstoy. School Iasnaia Poliana.En el cultivo de la libertad Tosltói PedagogíaRESUMENEl escritor ruso Lev Nikolayevich y educador Tolstoi (1828-1910), para desarrollar conceptos y prácticas para la educación popular de su tiempo y crear una escuela rural en Iasnaia Poliana, ubicación de la propiedad de su familia, donde también residía en Rusia, a la izquierda impresionante legado en el campo de la educación de todos los tiempos. La exposición de este rico trabajo posterior ideología educativa y pedagógica es el objetivo principal de este artículo. Por lo tanto, en contraste con los métodos tradicionales de la escuela opresores y especialmente en relación con el pensamiento libertario anarquista, refl exiones y experiencias pedagógicas de Tolstoi exponen a uma concepción educativa de amplio forma humana, ética y cultural, dio a conocer una búsqueda y el logro educativo en contra de las restricciones de inteligencia y la creatividad, especialmente dirigido a los niños y el desarrollo juvenil. Un diseño educativo especialmente reconocido a partir de los textos pedagógicos escritos por sí Tosltói, así como a través de sus métodos y procesos educativos, junto con la idea de proporcionar una educación coherente con el mejor potencial humano.Palabras clave: Educación libertaria. Tolstoi. Escuela Iasnaia Poliana.

The 'smart city' concept has been wrought from distinctive theoretical underpinnings. Initially, this term was used to describe those cities that utilized advanced computerized systems to provide a safe, secure, green, and efficient transportation services and utilities to meet the demands of their citizens (Caragliu, Del Bo & Nijkamp, 2011; Hall, Bowerman and Braverman, Taylor, Todosow and Von Wimmersperg, 2000). A thorough literature review suggests that several cities are already using disruptive technologies, including advanced, integrated materials, sensors, electronics, and networks, among others, which are interfaced with computerized systems to improve their economic, social and environmental sustainability (Camilleri, 2015, 2017; Deakin and Al Waer, 2011; Hall et al., 2000). These cities are increasingly relying on data-driven technologies, as they gather and analyze data from urban services including transportation and utilities (Ramaswami, Russell, Culligan, Sharma and Kumar, 2016; Gretzel, Sigala, Xiang and Koo, 2015). Their underlying objective is to improve the quality of life of their citizens (Ratten, 2017; Buhalis and Amaranggana, 2015). Hence, 'smart cities' have introduced technological innovations to address contingent issues like traffic congestion; air pollution; waste management; loss of biodiversity and natural habitat; energy generation, conservation and consumption; water leakages and security, among other matters (Camilleri, 2019; 2014; Ahvenniemi, Huovila, Pinto-Seppä and Airaksinen, 2017; Ratten and Dana, 2017; Ratten, 2017). Ecologically-advanced local governments and municipalities are formulating long-term sustainable policies and strategies. Some of them are already capturing data through multisensor technologies via wireless communication networks in real time (Bibri, 2018; Bibri and Krogstie, 2017). Very often, they use the Internet's infrastructure and a wide range of smart data-sensing devices, including radio frquency identification (RFID), near-field communication (NFC), global positioning systems (GPS), infrared sensors, accelerometers, and laser scanners (Bibri, 2018). A few cities have already started to benefit from the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its sophisticated network that consists of sensor devices and physical objects including infrastructure and natural resources (Zanella, Bui, Castellani, Vangelista and Zorzi, 2014). Several cities are crunching big data to better understand how to make their cities smarter, more efficient, and responsive to today's realities (Mohanty, Choppali and Kougianos, 2016; Ramaswami et al., 2016). They gather and analyze a vast amount of data and intelligence on urban aspects, including transportation issues, citizen mobility, traffic management, accessibility and protection of cultural heritage and/or environmental domains, among other areas (Angelidou, Psaltoglou, Komninos, Kakderi, Tsarchopoulos and Panori, 2018; Ahvenniemi et al., 2017). The latest advances in technologies like big data analytics and decision-making algorithms can support local governments and muncipalities to implement the circular economy in smart cities (Camilleri, 2019). The data-driven technologies enable them them to reduce their externalities. They can monitor and control the negative emissions, waste, habitat destruction, extinction of wildlife, etc. Therefore, the digital innovations ought to be used to inform the relevant stakeholders in their strategic planning and development of urban environments (Camilleri, 2019; Allam & Newman, 2018; Yigitcanlar and Kamruzzaman, 2018; Angelidou et al. ,2018; Caragliu et al., 2011). In this light, we are calling for theoretical and empirical contributions that are focused on the creation, diffusion, as well as on the utilization of technological innovations and information within the context of smart, sustainable cities. This Special Issue will include but is not limited to the following topics: • Advancing the circular economy agenda in smart cities; • Artificial intelligence and machine learning in smart cities; • Blockchain technologies in smart cities; • Green economy of smart cities; • Green infrastructure in smart cities; • Green living environments in smart cities; • Smart cities and the sustainable environment; • Smart cities and the use of data-driven technologies; • Smart cities and the use of the Internet of Things (IoT); • Sustainable energy of smart cities; • Sustainable financing for infrastructural development in smart cities; • Sustainable housing in smart cities; • Sustainable transportation in smart cities; • Sustainable tourism in smart cities; • Technological innovation and climate change for smart cities; • Technological innovation and the green economy of smart cities; • Technological innovation and the renewable energy in smart cities; • Technological innovation and urban resilience of smart cities; • Technological innovation for the infrastructural development of smart cities; • The accessibility and protection of the cultural heritage in smart cities; • The planning and design of smart cities; • The quality of life of the citizens and communities living in smart cities; • Urban innovation in smart cities; • Urban planning that integrates the smart city development with the greening of the environment; • Urban planning and data driven technologies of smart cities. ; peer-reviewed

Human nature and its potential for war and peace / Marek J. Celinski, Andrzej R. Celinski and Kathryn M. Gow -- War, peace, and conflict resolution in the classical world / Jaime A. González-Ocaña -- Ethnic identity, resources, control and supremacy : a brief history of early South African conflicts / Jacques J. Gouws -- Jihad : peaceful definitions and applications / Norman C. Rothman -- Fear and loathing : tribalism in the age of the Internet / Dipak K. Gupta -- The war on drugs : a struggle for the human soul / Andrzej R. Celinski -- Eritrea : a failed state and victim of sellout diplomacy / Tseggai Isaac -- Shattered hopes : the disintegration of South Africa's peaceful transition / Jacques J. Gouws -- Colombia in trauma : a conflict and post-conflict scenario / Saúl M. Rodríguez and Fabio Sánchez -- The Central European experience of war and peace : the nonviolent Czech case / Martina Klicperova-Baker -- The European Union : a case study in peace / Stephen T. Satkiewicz -- Mutual assured destruction as a strategy for peace / João José Brandão Ferreira -- Conflict resolution and peace building : cultural barriers and facilitators / Harsheeta Razora -- Resolution of international and civil war conflicts by diplomatic and military means / Harkirat Singh -- Ideological and policy alternatives to the resolution of Africa's perpetual crisis : is there a worthy policy or ideological alternative? / Tseggai Isaac -- Coping with violence and adversity : general typology and concrete illustrations on Czech case / Martina Klicperova-Baker -- Orientations toward achievable world peace / Frank J. Lucatelli and Nancy Ann Hayes -- Building peace in times of conflict : examining military psychology through Gandhi's lens / Swati Mukherjee -- Consciousness : the bridge between war and peace / Sandeep Gupta and Anand Shankar -- Polemology : the pursuit for lasting peace / Jacques J. Gouws -- Virtue as a basis for non-violence and creative maladjustment : humanistic and positive psychological solutions to war and violence / Brent Dean Robbins -- An integrated quantum field theory of cosmos, consciousness and algorithmic intelligence to promote peace / Ernest Lawrence Rossi and Kathryn Lane Rossi -- Education for peace and conflict resolution / Diana Vladimirovna Prokofyeva -- Is peace achievable? / Marek J. Celinski, Andrzej R. Celinski and Kathryn M. Gow.

This timely and important collection broadens our understanding of the ways in which lay theories (also known as folk psychologies, implicit theories, naïve theories, or mindsets) impact our lives and social relations. Moving well beyond lay theories as applied to intelligence and achievement, this volume considers lay theories in an admirably wide context, including perspectives on prejudice, creativity, self-regulation, health, free will, justice, magic, religion and more. Eminent and emerging scholars alike provide a comprehensive overview that presents and synthesizes cutting edge contemporary research on lay theories, spanning social, cognitive, developmental, cultural, and clinical psychology. Structurally, this volume is organized in three parts. Beginning with a preface by renowned scholar Carol Dweck, the first part looks at the origins and nature of lay theories, and how malleable they are. The second part explores lay theories about common psychological phenomena. The third section discusses lay theories about the metaphysical or supernatural. Finally, the last section explores the important question of how lay theories impact health and health behavior. Taken together, the chapters provide an integrative survey of the science of lay theories, bringing together many perspectives that previously have been studied largely in isolation. This volume is more than the sum of its parts--perspectives from different strands of research provide insights that cut across research disciplines, making novel connections and prompting new directions for this field of study. Shedding light on how our beliefs shape all facets of our lives, The Science of Lay Theories: How Beliefs Shape Our Cognition, Behavior, and Health will appeal to researchers and practitioners in psychology, as well as philosophers, cognitive and developmental neuroscientists, religious scholars, sociologists, and anthropologists. It is very rare to say of an edited volume of scholarly chapters "I couldn't put it down!" Yet that was the case with this book. It's not just that I have worked in this field for many years, but rather, with every chapter I felt I was gaining new insights into what, deep down, people really believe and how these beliefs influence their lives--Carol Dweck, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

"Nada Prouty served her country loyally, with distinction, and, as universally acknowledged by her colleagues, with great personal courage as a CIA covert officer. This tale of rampant trampling of citizen's rights is a vivid reminder of the responsibility of citizens to be vigilant against unaccountable government overreach if we hope to keep a strong democracy, where the rule of law prevails and where a citizen is presumed innocent until proven guilty." -Valerie Plame, author of Fair Game When Nada Prouty came to the United States as a young woman, she fell in love with the democracy and freedom of her new home. After a childhood in war-torn Lebanon with an abusive father and facing the prospect of an arranged marriage, she jumped at the chance to forge her own path in America-a path that led to exciting undercover work in the FBI, then the CIA. As a leading agent widely lauded by her colleagues, she worked on the most high-profile terrorism cases in recent history, including the hunt for Saddam Hussein and the bombing of the USS Cole, often putting her life on the line and usually getting her man. But all this changed in the wake of 9/11, at the height of anti-Arab fervor, when federal investigators charged Prouty with passing intelligence to Hezbollah. Lacking sufficient evidence to make their case in court, prosecutors went to the media, suggesting that she had committed treason. Prouty, dubbed "Jihad Jane" by the New York Post, was quickly cast as a terrorist mastermind by the relentless 24-hour news cycle, and a scandal-hungry public ate it up. Though the CIA and federal judge eventually exonerated Prouty of all charges, she was dismissed from the agency and stripped of her citizenship. In Uncompromised, Prouty tells her whole story in a bid to restore her name and reputation in the country that she loves. Beyond a thrilling story of espionage and betrayal, this is a sobering commentary on cultural alienation, the power of fear, and what it means to truly love America"--

<p>The present work is a translation from Italian of an article by Maurizio Ferraris devoted to the consideration of similarities and differences between the human being and all other biological species known. Following Kant, the philosopher pays special attention to the process of learning and cultural «drilling» thanks to which an originally exclusively biological human being, little different from any other mammalian baby, is transformed into a human in the full sense of the world. Ferraris emphasizes the important role of such qualities and abilities that, in his opinion, are inherent exclusively to man: the ability to create, technical art, imitation, repetition, memorization and the thirst for freedom of a special kind, the thirst for freedom of speech and expression, which we cannot find among animals and among machines. In attempting to answer the question about the ability of a machine, computer or artificial intelligence to overcome the barrier that does not allow us to talk about the existence of identity between a robot and a human being, the author comes to the following conclusion. The presence of external goals causes an insurmountable gap between human being and machine. Human beings, who are the result of the interweaving of nature and second nature (M. Ferraris offers an interpretation of the actual meaning of these concepts), are the only ones capable of conceiving their finitude. The variability of ideas is obvious: it can be the completeness of an external goal, which is explained by the physiological exhaustion of the body, the release of a historical destiny or the acceptance of the idea of the imminent finitude of any creation. Describing the ability to think as a privilege, M. Ferraris will state that only a human being who can be trained is endowed with such an ability.</p><p>The translation was made according to the publication: Ferraris M. "Umano, umanissimo, mai troppo umano", La Lettura, February 26, 2023. URL: <a href="http://pierluigipiccini.it/umano-umanissimo-mai-troppo-umano/" target="_blank">http://pierluigipiccini.it/umano-umanissimo-mai-troppo-umano/</a></p>

Abstract

Objectives
Liveability is a multi-dimensional and hierarchical concept which consists of various criteria and sub-criteria and may be evaluated in different ways. The aim of this study was to systematically review indicators and methods used for the evaluation of urban liveability in literature.


Content
The five-stage methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley was used to conduct this scoping review. A systematic search of electronic databases, including Scopus, Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and EBSCO was done until May 29, 2019. Web searching, searching reference lists and hand searching was also conducted to retrieve more relevant articles. Two reviewers screened the papers for eligibility based on the inclusion criteria and extracted their key data and reported them descriptively.


Summary
Sixty seven (67) out of 3,599 papers met the selection criteria. This review showed five distinct domains considered to be important components of liveability. These were Economical, Environmental, Institutional, Social, and Governance (Political) domains. The most important subdomains (indices) which were frequently applied in various studies were Environmental friendliness and Sustainability, Socio-Cultural Conditions and Economic Vibrancy and Competitiveness. We also identified seven different methodologies and six ranking tools used for assessing urban liveability. Among the quantitative methods, three methods accounted for 89.6% of the articles. These methods were the Analytical hierarchy process and entropy (AHP; n=24; 50%), Factor analysis & Principle Component Analysis (FA & PCA; n=12; 25%) and Spatial Multi-criteria Decision-making Method (Spatial; n=7; 14.6%). Among the ranking tools used, three ranking tools accounted for 65.4% of the articles. These tools were the Livable City Scientific Evaluation Standards (LCSES; n=9; 34.6%), The Global Liveable Cities Index (GLCI; n=4; 15.4%) and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU; n=4; 15.4%).


Outlook
This paper discusses and summarizes the latest indicators and methods used for determining urban liveability. The information offered in the review can help future investigators to decide which method suits their purpose and situation better and measure urban liveability more systematically than before.