Suchergebnisse

Bei der Studie "Manager und Computer (Arbeitsbelastung und Arbeitszeitverteilung)" wurden deutsche Führungskräfte mittels eines postalisch zugesandten Fragebogens zu den Aufgaben befragt, die zu ihrem Arbeitsalltag gehören. Dabei wurden die dazugehörigen konkreten Aktivitäten, die Belastung durch die Aufgaben sowie die Verteilung der Arbeitszeit auf die jeweiligen Aufgaben erhoben.

The article studies the problem of the Russian language in the countries of the former Soviet Union and the main problems and ways to overcome them. The prevalence of the Russian language in the former Soviet Union varies considerably from country to country, but the dynamics of the use of Russian in the mostly stable. The status of the Russian language in every country in the post-Soviet space has its own specifics, but it continues to perform a number of important functions, and above all, a function of the interstate language, the language of science and culture. But due to the political situation in the world and the aggression against the Russian Federation, the status of the country in general and language in particular is changing and, unfortunately, not for the better. Post-Soviet countries continue to maintain contacts with Russia, many high school graduates go to Russia for the higher education, but at the same time, the level of Russian language skills among young people is much less than before the collapse of the Soviet Union

The article studies the problem of the Russian language in the countries of the former Soviet Union and the main problems and ways to overcome them. The prevalence of the Russian language in the former Soviet Union varies considerably from country to country, but the dynamics of the use of Russian in the mostly stable. The status of the Russian language in every country in the post-Soviet space has its own specifics, but it continues to perform a number of important functions, and above all, a function of the interstate language, the language of science and culture. But due to the political situation in the world and the aggression against the Russian Federation, the status of the country in general and language in particular is changing and, unfortunately, not for the better. Post-Soviet countries continue to maintain contacts with Russia, many high school graduates go to Russia for the higher education, but at the same time, the level of Russian language skills among young people is much less than before the collapse of the Soviet Union

"Der Beitrag berichtet von einem Teilergebnis der Untersuchung 'Computerbezogen denken, wahrnehmen, handeln oder wie sich Menschen zu einer Technik ins Verhältnis
setzen'. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es herauszufinden, wie sich die Computertechnik einfügt in die subjektive Erlebniswelt von Software-Entwickler(inne)n, welche Bedürfnisse, Fähigkeiten, Werte sie anspricht, ja fordert, welche sie zurückweist, wie sie den Austausch des Subjekts mit seiner sozialen und gegenständlichen Umwelt beeinflußt auch über die Arbeitswelt hinaus und schließlich, welche gewerkschaftlichen Handlungskonsequenzen aus den Erkenntnissen gezogen werden können. 30 Software-Entwickler(innen) und 6 KI-Forscher(innen) sind in die Untersuchung einbezogen. Geschlechts- und altersspezifischen Gesichtspunkten wurde versucht Rechnung zu tragen, indem nach drei Altersgruppen unterschieden wurde (Jugendliche bis 20, 20-35jährige, über 35jährige) und Frauen und Männer bzw. Mädchen und Jungen zu gleichen Teilen vertreten sind. Das vorrangig verwendete Forschungsinstrument ist das thematisch strukturierte Interview." (Autorenreferat)

"The last decade saw major advances in computer-assisted coding-and-retrieval methods for non-formatted textual data. These methods are especially helpful in interpretive social research where the researcher has to cope with sometimes huge amounts of unstructured textual data. Presently, qualitative researchers can choose between various coding and retrieval techniques by drawing on a variety of different software packages. The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of computer-aided techniques for the management and analysis of textual data in qualitative research and of the current debate about the methodological impact of these techniques on the research process. The initial sections contain a brief historical overview of the development of computer-aided qualitative data analysis whereby some epistemological aspects of the relationship between qualitative methodology and computer-use will also be discussed. Following that the paper also outlines basic elements of 'computer-aided qualitative data analysis', namely the use of textual database management systems for the automatization of manual indexing and operations. Since the advent of the first coding-and-retrieve programs great hopes have been expressed that such coding techniques could revolutionize qualitative research by making the research process more transparent and by improving the reliability and validity of its results. In the last part of the paper these questions will be discussed thereby focussing on aspects of validity." (author's abstract)

Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Strong Equivalence and Program's Structure in Arguing Essential Equivalence Between First-Order Logic Programs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Running Example and Observations -- 3 Preliminaries: RASPL-1 Logic Programs, Operator SM, Strong Equivalence -- 3.1 Operator SM -- 3.2 Semantics of Logic Programs -- 3.3 Review: Strong Equivalence -- 4 Rewritings -- 4.1 Rewritings via Pure Strong Equivalence -- 4.2 Useful Rewritings Using Structure -- References -- Automatic Program Rewriting in Non-Ground Answer Set Programs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Projections in Theory -- 3 Projections in Practice -- 4 Experimental Analysis -- 5 Discussion, Future Work, Conclusions -- References -- Personalized Course Schedule Planning Using Answer Set Programming -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Problem Description -- 3 Method -- 3.1 Course Schedule Planning -- 3.2 Personalizing Course Schedule Planning -- 3.3 Implementation of SUcheduler -- 4 Experimental Evaluations -- 5 Related Work -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- An ASP Based Approach to Answering Questions for Natural Language Text -- 1 Introduction -- 2 System Architecture -- 3 Knowledge Representation -- 3.1 Predicate Generation -- 3.2 Common Sense Knowledge Generation -- 4 Word Sense Disambiguation -- 5 Query Generation from Natural Language Question -- 6 Evaluation Results -- 7 Contributions, Related Work, Conclusions -- References -- Natural Language Generation from Ontologies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Grammatical Framework -- 2.2 Attempto Controlled English -- 3 Generating Sentences from GF -- 3.1 Web Service Ontology (WSO) -- 3.2 GF Generator -- 4 Automatic Natural Language Generation from Annotated Ontology: nlgOntologyA -- 4.1 Overall Architecture -- 4.2 Generation of Portable Grammar Format -- 4.3 Sentence Construction -- 5 Related Work and Analysis.

Most sci'fic studies of complex natural soc processes within large soc groups have relied on static correlational techniques of analysis. In an effort to advance beyond this level, a computer model has been constructed which attempts to simulate the details of ongoing soc controversies. The model,presently operational on the IBM 7090, combines a number of theoretical & empirical propositions about attitude change, mass COMM, & soc interaction into a single dynamic system. These propositions are described in detail, giving their origins in field & laboratory studies of soc influence processes. A trial run of the model on hyp'al data dealing with the fluoridation controversy is presented. Practical & philosophical problems of computer simulations of this nature are briefly discussed, along with plans for a field test of the model. R. P. Abelson.

For three days last January, an international group met to discuss some of the issues at the First ACM Workshop on Education in Computer Security, held in Monterey, California. Representatives from 20 universities and a sprinkling of information systems security employers from industry and government were invited to attend based on position papers they had written. The group�s task was to discuss ways to address the impending crisis in information security education. Among the questions addressed were articulating the diversity of information security education requirements for different careers and the need for training and retaining security experts in education. ; Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

AbstractThe scientific study of war has not yet shown any indication of a major breakthrough. For such a breakthrough to materialize it is paramount to approach the war phenomenon from a dynamic systems perspective. Perceived from this angle, war is placed in both an evolutionary and systems point of view, specifically implying a vision of war as one aspect of the international political process, connected in various ways with other injurious forms of interaction as serious disputes and low level conflict behavior, but also supportive behavior like trade and co‐operation. War constitutes a 'normal' event: no less than other social phenomena, it is the result of different over‐time conjunctures of common underlying behavioral mechanisms and resulting processes of interaction occurring within the higher level system's structure. In view of the 'hypercomplex' nature of the concerned dynamics, the development of computer (simulation) models will become essential in the study of war and peace.