Suchergebnisse

Die Internationalen Rechnungslegungsstandards IFRS zeigen in den letzten Jahren eine progrediente Entwicklung. Ziel des Standardsetzer IASB ist die Umsetzung eines qualitativ hochwertigen, weltweiten Rechnungslegungsstandards. Die Standards werden bereits in rund 120 Länder akzeptiert, unter anderem sind sie seit 2005 in der Europäischen Union verpflichtend anzuwenden. Es gibt sehr viele Erneuerungen und Änderungen, vor allem die Orientierung nach ?Fair Value Accounting? bedeutet vermehrte Bewertung zu Marktpreisen. Die Arbeit geht davon aus, dass diese Entwicklungen eine Änderung in der Qualität der Ergebniszahlen mit sich bringt. Es wird der Begriff der ?Earnings? Qualität erläutert, Methoden zu ihrer Messung erarbeitet und bei einer Studie von Paananen und Lin (2009) angewendet. Diese Studie bewertet die Entwicklung der Qualität der ?Earnings? von deutschen Betrieben, die ihre Rechnungslegung im Zeitraum von 2000 bis 2006 unter IFRS durchführten. Entgegen der Erwartungen beschreibt die Studie eine zunehmende Verschlechterung der Qualität. Daraus resultiert, dass die Relevanz der ?Earnings? und Eigenkapitalbewertung geringer wird, die Ergebniszahlen mehr geglättet sind und die Zeitnähe zur erfolgten ökonomischen Performance abnimmt. Eine Erweiterung bietet die Studie von Dichev und Tang (2008), welche die Beziehung von ?Matching? (Kongruenzprinzip) zu Ergebniszahlen untersucht. Schlechtes ?Matching? verringert die zeitgleiche Übereinstimmung von Aufwand und Einnahmen, erhöht die Volatilität und verschlechtert die Beständigkeit. Die Studie bestätigt, dass dies der Fall ist und somit auch einen schlechten Einfluss auf die Qualität der Ergebniszahlen nimmt. Im Gegensatz zur Studie von Paananen und Lin (2009), befinden die Forscher nicht ausschließlich die Standardsetzer, sondern auch das immer komplexer werdende, weltweite, wirtschaftliche Umfeld als Ursache. ; In the last few years the development of the International Financial Reporting Standards has been promoted more and more. The standard setter IASB focuses on evolving a set of high quality standards to reach global accounting harmonization. Within a decade around 120 countries worldwide adapted the standards. Since 2005 the standards are mandatory in the European Union. The work assumes that all these developments must have brought a change in earnings quality too. Especially the emphasis towards fair value accounting and a balance sheet perspective leads to changes in accounting numbers. The work identifies three developments in the standards with major impact on earnings quality. These are IAS 36 ? ?Imairment of Assets?, IAS 38 ? ?Intangible Assets?, and IFRS 3 ? ?Business Combinations?. The key earnings quality measures are identified and applied in a study of Paananen and Lin (2009). This study evaluates the development of earnings quality of IFRS on a sample of German companies from 2000 to 2006. The period is divided into an IAS period during 2000-2002, a voluntary IFRS period during 2003-2004, and mandatory period 2005-2006. Contrary to expectations they find a decline in the quality from the voluntary to the mandatory period. The relevance of earnings and book value of equity decreased, earnings smoothing increased, and there is less timely recognition of losses over time. A further study of Dichev and Tang (2008) investigates the relationship of matching and accounting numbers, especially earnings quality over a period of 40 years. Poor matching acts as noise in earnings numbers and it decreases the contemporaneous correlation between costs and revenues, increases the volatility of earnings, and decreases its persistence. The study finds that matching has become worse over time. Contrary to the other study they state that not only the evolution of accounting rules but also changes in nature of real economy have led to less quality in earnings. ; Philipp Moser ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. Sprache ; Graz, Univ., Masterarb., 2010 ; (VLID)213251

This article deals with a problem relatively neglected by studies devoted to the foreign relations of federated states, namely the reasons that impel the member Itates of some federations to develop foreign affairs policy independently of each other. Several types of factors are taken into consideration. It appears that the growing interdependence of industrialized countries leads to both an increase and a diversification of international contacts between public authorities, thus undermining he traditional monopoly held by external affairs departments. This phenomenon, however, does not arise to the same degree in all federations, suggesting that internal factors may equally play a major role. The composite character and above all the asymmetry of some federations have, clearly enough, centrifugal effects. But the influence of institutional variables must not be neglected: the combination of a particularly pronounced asymmetry together with weaknesses n the representation accorded at the national level to different regions making up the federation probably explain the activism shown by Belgium's linguistic communities and some Canadian provinces.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Background and Overview -- Introduction -- A Simple Two-Period Model with Uncertain Default Penalty -- Overview of the Book -- Applicability of the Analysis -- Notes -- Chapter 2 The Institutional Structure of International Debt Renegotiations -- Background to Debt Renegotiations -- The Players -- The Process -- The Role of the IMF and the World Bank -- The Paris Club-Negotiations with Official Creditors -- The London Club-Negotiations with Unofficial Creditors -- The Renegotiated Agreement -- Summary -- Appendix 2A: Background to the IMF and the World Bank -- Appendix 2B: Support Facilities of the IMF and the World Bank -- Notes -- Chapter 3 An Optimal Institutional Structure for Debt Renegotiations -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- The Model -- Results -- Interpreting the Results -- Summary -- Notes -- Chapter 4 A Sequential Bargaining Model of Debt Renegotiation -- Introduction -- Modelling Debt Renegotiation as a Sequential Bargaining Process -- The Model -- Evaluating the Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 5 The Role of Prediction Models -- Introduction and Overview -- Explaining the Data: A Conditional Information System -- Some Variables Employed in the Empirical Literature -- Setting Up a Prediction Model -- The Model -- Results -- Summary -- Appendix 5A: Obtaining Equation (5.1), the Expression for ΔR -- Appendix 5B: Deriving the Upper Bound on ΨR -- Appendix 5C: Debt Problem Years 1971-88, Selected Countries -- Notes -- Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions -- Summary of the Book -- Issues Arising from the Book -- Notes -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

The responsive global organization can adapt business operations across multinational markets in response to unpredictable changes in the turbulent global marketplace. This book deals with different aspects of the effective multinational corporation (MNC) pointing to new ways in which the MNC can enhance responsiveness faced with increasing market turbulence. Drawing on contemporary research in strategy and international business, the book considers relevant aspects including subsidiary autonomy, individual and team engagement, local knowledge, knowledge-based innovation, dynamic integrative processes, cross-cultural management, crisis handling, and the impact of abrupt events. The diversity of multinational business provides many opportunities, but also distinct challenges that must be managed effectively. Here an interactive dynamic between headquarters and local business units is driving responsiveness and adaptive behaviors. Corporate headquarters must structure a multinational organization so adaptive initiatives exploit local market insights where opportunities evolve from autonomous responses around the world. This can entail crisis responses involving both local and corporate efforts as a robust way to handle unexpected incidents. Such interactive approaches constitute a combination of central integration and decentralized local responses as the basis for a dynamic adaptive system. To make this work in a multinational context, we must consider the intricate interplay between corporate values and local cultures, and understand how leadership philosophies influence how diverse employees act as team players and global corporate citizens. The book provides relevant insights on all these important issues.

"An NBER digest for this paper is available.This paper analyzes the effects of top earnings tax rates on the international migration of top football players in Europe. We construct a panel data set of top earnings tax rates, football player careers, and club performances in the first leagues of 14 European countries since 1980. We identify the effects of top earnings tax rates on migration using a number of tax and institutional changes: (a) the 1995 Bosman ruling which liberalized the European football market, (b) top tax rate reforms within countries, and (c) special tax schemes offering preferential tax rates to immigrant football players. We start by presenting reduced-form graphical evidence showing large and compelling migration responses to country-specific tax reforms and labor market regulation. We then set out a theoretical model of taxation and migration, which is structurally estimated using all sources of tax variation simultaneously. Our results show that (i) the overall location elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate is positive and large, (ii) location elasticities are extremely large at the top of the ability distribution but negative at the bottom due to ability sorting effects, and (iii) cross-tax effects of foreign players on domestic players (and vice versa) are negative and quite strong due to displacement effects. Finally, we estimate tax revenue maximizing rates and draw policy conclusions"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

Seminarbeiträge zum Problem der maghrebinischen Wanderarbeiter in Frankreich vor dem Hintergrund wirtschaftlicher Rezession in den Industrieländern

Paris Agreement with its 'bottom-up' approach is an attempt to address climate change problem. The Parties of the Paris Agreement decide their own policies in the national scope and present it as pledges in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). I explore the evidence to the shaping of the climate change policies in Indonesia, mainly regarding NDCs and the engagement of actors behind the shaping of that pledge. The main question is which actor or combination of actors in terms of domestic and international interests actually influenced and shaped Indonesia's NDCs? This article aims to give practical evidence regarding the influences of different positions among competing interests through negotiation. In terms of Indonesia's policymaking, this study is hoped to foster a viewpoint for the sake of acceptable practices to intensify policymaking preferences. In this literature review Liberal Intergovernmentalism propositions were used in examining the dynamics at the domestic level as well as transnational/regional negotiation and interdependence. I also used multiple sources from other studies and governmental documents in the analysis of this qualitative research. As a result, some evidence were found, showing the influence of domestic actors such as Local and Environmental NGOs, CSOs, public perceptions to certain extent, and insignificant influence of business groups. I also found that the transnational institutions and developed countries have impacts on Indonesia's CC policy framework, funding provision and the balance between mitigation and adaptation.

ABSTRACT: Education is an important factor in developing any nation around the world. Today's developed countries are much focused on education in varied fields. This has become possible through meaningful diversity in every field. Latest developments & innovations are the backbone to compete in today's competitive world. Best business education in Europe & North American countries have opened avenues of competition for other nations. These initiatives of being accredited by AACSB is a clear direction for successful business schools. UAE has been a preferred destination for more than two hundred nationalities who are working in different fields. Such diversity is the reason of varied developments in almost every domain. The educational projects, research based initiatives, business forums and meetings made it possible to get exponential growth in UAE and Dubai in particular. Dubai is one of the most demanded place to live and work in different companies & universities. Referring to this case research, education is the most focused area and set as top priority of government's projects for 2020. There are few AACSB accredited Business Schools in UAE and others are trying best to get it done through varied skills as possible through diversified opportunities in Dubai. Dubai is leading in education sector in the region where all nationalities are working and being educated in multiple fields. Dubai's diversity has made it much attractive to be educated in the multicultural city. KEYWORDS: diversity, business education, business schools, different cultures and international standards

This article discusses the emergence of the semi-clandestine efforts of a network of international Jewish philanthropies and the Israeli government to send material and financial aid to Jews in early-communist Hungary. Post Second World War Hungary was a special focus for Jewish aid organizations in the west and the Israeli government. They poured resources into Hungary, both to feed, cloth and provide medical care to hundreds of thousands of Jews, and to assist thousands of Jews migrating west through Hungary. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, the dominant Jewish aid organization in the world at the time, ran its largest and most expensive program in Hungary. Working with Israeli and Hungarian authorities, it financed a network of welfare services, often through the importation of scarce consumer goods and raw materials. As the Communist Party reshaped the economy, and pushed out "undesirable elements" from Hungarian life, this aid program served a growing population of impoverished, sick, and religious Jews, some exiled in Hungary's countryside. This program increasingly took advantage of black market networks to distribute aid. Yet, after conditions deteriorated so much that this program ceased officially, Jewish aid providers in the US and Israel adapted their earlier practices and networks to take advantage of the impoverished consumer economy in program to distribute aid clandestinely to Hungarian Jews, with the cooperation of Hungary's communist authorities.